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Biomedical subjects

M Sabine

Publications and source records attributed to M Sabine.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Australian studies on Newcastle disease virus. The French heritage.

Eric French contributed greatly to the early Australian studies on Newcastle disease virus, producing the foundations on which subsequent Australian studies were based. In 1964 he conducted the first major serological survey for Newcastle disease in the Australian poultry flock, and showed that the pathotypes of the virus recognised at that time were not present. After the isolation of strain V4 in 1966, he initiated some of the first studies on the nature of this stain. In particular, he demonstrated the avirulence of this virus, its ability to infect chickens when delivered orally with food and its potential utility as a vaccine. Subsequent studies by other workers included the development of strain V4 as a conventional vaccine and as a vaccine suitable for use in village chickens.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

High molecular weight polypeptide bands specific for equine herpesvirus 4.

Serum neutralisation (SN) and immunoblotting were used in attempts to distinguish between natural infections with the closely related viruses equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and equine herpes-virus 4 (EHV-4). Horse sera (n = 323) collected in 1990 from studs with no experience of EHV-1 abortions as well as 197 sera collected in 1992 from studs with a history of EHV-1 abortions were tested by SN. The two groups differed in the proportion with measurable EHV-1 antibody, the 1992 group being significantly higher. Both groups had high proportions with EHV-4 antibody and no serum had antibody to EHV-1 alone. Pools of positive sera were prepared as probes in immunoblots. High molecular weight (> 200 kDa) polypeptide bands specific for EHV-4 were detected. No bands specific for EHV-1 only were found. The specific EHV-4 polypeptides shared some properties with gp2 of EHV-1.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1994

Rapid, single-step differentiation of equid herpesviruses 1 and 4 from clinical material using the polymerase chain reaction and virus-specific primers.

Sets of primers were designed which enabled specific amplification of homologous regions of the glycoprotein C and gene 76 genetic loci of equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 (EHV-1 and EHV-4). The resultant virus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products arising from each loci could be discriminated easily on the basis of size on an agarose gel, allowing rapid differentiation of the two equine herpesviruses. Specificity of the amplifications were confirmed by Southern hybridization and restriction endonuclease digestion. The PCR test was applied to nasal swab samples from weanling foals and to archival aborted fetal tissue samples and the results compared to those obtained by virus isolation. A strong correlation was found between this PCR assay and virus isolation methods of EHV-1 and EHV-4 detection and discrimination.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Viral zoonoses.

Viral zoonoses cause overt disease in humans and other animals or silent infections in animals and overt disease in unnatural hosts such as humans. Often the virus and its animal host have evolved together and learned to live together. Infection may spread freely between the natural host animals and cause no signs of disease, but this balance may be upset by many factors, including stress, changing environmental conditions and mutations in both viruses and hosts. Infection of an unnatural host may cause clinical disease but no further spread of the virus. Examples of viral zoonoses both old and new are used to illustrate some of these points, and two will be described in detail--Rift Valley fever and influenza.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Laboratory diagnosis of psittacine beak and feather disease by haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition.

Simple and sensitive haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition assays were developed for psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) virus and serum antibody, respectively. The assays were used in the examination of samples from 73 birds clinically affected with PBFD. High antigen titres (log2 9 to log2 12) were detected in feathers, faeces and cloacal contents of PBFD-affected birds. Antigen was not detected in either faecal or feather samples from 20 normal galahs (Eolophus roseicapillus) and 9 normal sulphur crested cockatoos (Cacatua galerita). After kaolin treatment and haemadsorption of serum, haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titres could not be detected in serum from 42 PBFD-affected birds, whereas serum HI titres from 64 normal psittacine birds ranged from less than log2 1 to log2 8. Serum and yolk HI antibody responses of 6 PBFD virus-inoculated layer hens were measured. Pre-inoculation chicken sera contained high concentrations of non-specific haemagglutination inhibitors (not detected in chloroform-extracted yolk), which were removed by kaolin treatment and haemadsorption.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

An outbreak of Equid herpesvirus abortion in New South Wales.

Thirty-three of the 44 mares on a Thoroughbred stud in New South Wales aborted or lost foals within one day of birth. Gross pathological and histological changes were in keeping with Equid herpesvirus I (EHV-1) abortion. In the six foals that underwent virological examination, EHV was isolated and typed as EHV-1 by restriction endonuclease analysis. EHV-1 abortion had not occurred previously on this stud and the source of the infection was not identified.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1991

Sequence characteristics of a gene in equine herpesvirus 1 homologous to glycoprotein H of herpes simplex virus.

A gene in equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1, equine abortion virus) homologous to the glycoprotein H gene of herpes simplex virus (HSV) was identified and characterised by its nucleotide and derived amino acid sequence. The EHV-1 gH gene is located at 0.47-0.49 map units and contains an open reading frame capable of specifying a polypeptide of 848 amino acids, including N- and C-terminal hydrophobic domains consistent with signal and membrane anchor regions respectively, and 11 potential sites for N-glycosylation. Alignment of the amino acid sequence with those published for HSV gH, varicella zoster virus gpIII, Epstein Barr virus gp85 and human cytomegalovirus p86 shows similarity of the EHV gene with the 2 other alpha-herpesviruses over most of the polypeptide, but only the C-terminal half could be aligned for all 5 viruses. The identical positioning of 6 cysteine residues and a number of highly conserved amino acid motifs supports a common evolutionary origin of this gene and is consistent with its role as an essential glycoprotein of the herpesvirus family. An origin of replication is predicted to occur at approximately 300 nucleotides downstream of the EHV-1 gH coding region, on the basis of similarity to other herpesvirus origins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Equine herpesvirus abortion in Australia 1977 to 1982.

Until 1977 no case of abortion caused by equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1) had been recorded in Australia although the virus, called equine rhinopneumonitis virus, had been known to have been present at least since 1962. Outbreaks of EHV1 abortion occurred in New South Wales in 1977 and in 1981. Sporadic cases of EHV1 abortion had been confirmed in some parts of Australia each year since 1975. It was concluded that an abortigenic subtype of EHV1 had been introduced to Australia in 1977 and that the previously endemic respiratory subtype occasionally caused abortion. Virus isolation in a variety of cell cultures and histopathological examination of tissue were shown to be satisfactory methods of diagnosis of EHV1 abortion. Lung proved to be the specimen of choice. Slight serological differences between "abortigenic" and "respiratory" subtypes of EHV1 were found in cross neutralisation tests. A serological survey of 219 Sydney horses of various ages revealed that most yearlings had already acquired neutralising antibody to both subtypes.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1982

Canine parvovirus infection in Australia during 1980.

A questionnaire sent to all veterinary practitioners in Australia and many in New Zealand asking for details of their experience with canine parvovirus infections in 1980 elicited the following information. In 1980 explosive outbreaks of disease occurred in most parts of Australia. There was no obvious pattern of spread over the continent as a whole. In many cases outbreaks in country areas occurred after dog shows. Canine parvovirus enteritis affected all age groups with an overall mortality of 16 per cent. While the death rate in the young was high, most dogs responded well to fluid therapy. Canine parvovirus did not appear to be associated with clinical entities other than gastroenteritis and myocarditis. No connection with reproductive problems was established. Killed canine parvovirus vaccines were used extensively after the initial release for sale in July 1980. The vaccines appeared to be safe and effective at least in the short term. Problems arose only in vaccination of very young animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A serological survey of canine parvovirus infection in New South Wales, Australia.

A serological survey was conducted to ascertain, by haemagglutination inhibition testing, the presence of antibodies to canine parvovirus in 428 dogs in New South Wales, Australia. The first positive canine serum was one collected in May 1978 and the numbers of serologically positive dogs have increased markedly over the last 18 months. Twenty cats which had been vaccinated with feline panleucopenia vaccine were tested for antibody to the canine virus. None of them had a positive titre.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Perinatal foal mortality associated with a herpesvirus.

An outbreak of perinatal foal mortality associated with a herpesvirus is described. Twenty two foals either were still-born, or died soon after birth, or were weak and soon developed severe respiratory signs, or were normal at birth and developed respiratory symptoms 18 to 24 hours later. Elevated temperatures, heart and respiratory rates were constant features. The animals were severely leucopaenic, and showed an absolute neutropaenia. At autopsy the lungs were enlarged, and showed varying degrees of aeration and moderate to severe oedema and congestion. Histopathology showed an acute focal necrotising bronchiolitis with the presence of intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies. Herpesvirus was recovered from 9 foals in cell culture and identified by electron microscopy.

Animals↗