PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Sage

Publications and source records attributed to M Sage.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Epidemiologic studies of cancer in populations near nuclear facilities.

We reviewed over 40 epidemiologic studies around nuclear power stations, fuel reprocessing plants, and weapons production facilities and testing sites in the United Kingdom, the United States, France, and Canada. We examined these studies for their potential to support a cause and effect relationship between cancer risk and radiation exposure. The extent to which an epidemiologic study supports a causal relation between radiation exposure and increased cancer risk can be evaluated using a set of criteria that have become known as Hill's postulates. In our review, epidemiologic studies yielded results that were biologically plausible and were supported by experimental data, but in almost all of the studies the methodologies were not adequate for evaluating causality. In the majority of cases, the methodologies did not permit examination of dose-response associations, making it impossible to support or refute causal relations. We suggest that investigators consider these issues when designing studies and employ dose reconstruction methodology to estimate radiation doses for specific individuals and population groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Development of a somatic cell hybrid mapping panel and molecular probes for human chromosome 3.

A somatic cell hybrid mapping panel and molecular probes have been developed for human chromosome 3. This panel defines 11 regions for the short and long arms of the chromosome. Four hundred thirty-two probes have been mapped using these hybrids. One hundred thirty-one of these probes were derived from EcoRI and HindIII flow-sorted libraries. The remaining 301 probes were isolated from NotI boundary and random (partial MboI) libraries constructed from a hybrid that provided a relative enrichment in 3p DNA sequences. For some regions of the chromosome, significant differences in the distribution of probes were noted. This was observed for both the unique sequence flow-sorted and NotI probes. These differences are in agreement with previous suggestions that Giemsa light bands are GC-rich, and therefore gene-rich (especially housekeeping genes), and that the Giemsa dark bands may contain DNA that is more highly condensed. The isolation of probes from different types of libraries, or by different screening strategies, appears to reduce deficiencies that might arise from the use of probes derived with a more limited approach. These hybrids and probes should facilitate the construction of physical and genetic linkage maps to identify various disease loci involving chromosome 3.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Thyroid lymphoma.

We have reviewed the local experience of 15 cases of thyroid lymphoma with a view to documenting the epidemiology, presentation, management and prognostic factors governing outcome for this rare condition. All the patients were European despite the fact that 15 per cent of the local population is either Maori or Polynesian. The average age at presentation was 62 years and 13 of the 15 patients were women. The duration of symptoms was short: on average 9 months. Where feasible a definitive resection of the lesion was performed but this could only be performed in six of the 15 cases. The commonest histological type was non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which accounted for 14 of the 15 cases with the large cell variant being the most common (five cases). The mean period of follow-up was 3.3 years: only eight patients were alive and well at that time. The prognostic factors that influenced outcome were: (1) the histology of the lesion - large cell lymphoma carried a bad outlook; (2) whether the lesion could be totally resected or not - five out of six patients undergoing total resection remain alive and well; (3) the presence of pre-existing Hashimoto's thyroiditis was a favourable prognostic factor as only one patient without underlying Hashimoto's disease or positive antithyroid antibodies was alive at the end of the study; (4) male sex may also be an unfavourable prognostic factor as both men in the study died of disease 0.3 and 5 years after diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Regional and physical mapping studies characterizing the Greig polysyndactyly 3;7 chromosome translocation, t(3;7)(p21.1;p13).

The Greig polysyndactyly-craniofacial anomalies syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder involving a gene(s) located in band 7p13. We have isolated and characterized a reciprocal 3;7 chromosome translocation that resulted in the syndrome. We have identified two closely linked (0 cM) conserved DNA sequences (P137/p944B) that flank the translocation breakpoint. A pulsed-filed analysis combined with available genetic linkage information demonstrates that the disorder is linked (2 cM) to the T-gamma receptor locus, lending considerable support to the hypothesis that the mouse mutant extra-toes is the counterpart of the Greig syndrome. We have found no evidence that physically links the EGF receptor to the P137/p944B region, again compatible with mouse linkage relationships. The isolation of the der(3) chromosome from the 3;7 translocation has allowed us to regionally localize probes within the 3p21.1 band. For three probes commonly used in heterozygosity experiments with human cancers involving chromosome 3, we have determined that the order from centromere to telomere is D3S3, D3S2, and DNF15S2. Our pulsed-field studies also demonstrate the utility of band density differences combined with partial digests in evaluating linkage relationships. The P137/p944B probes should be useful in examining other hereditary disorders with phenotypic similarities to the Greig syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Latent listeriosis--its diagnosis by bacteriology and serology in five cases.

The failure of agglutination tests in the diagnosis of latent listeriosis (chronic and asymptomatic) are partly due to the fact that deficient antigens in general use have discredited the serology in this infection. However, using good live antigens or antigens devitalized at moderate temperature and conserved by lyophilization, excellent diagnostic results may be obtained by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). We could confirm this again in five women with a history of pregnancy disorders. All had a positive or strongly positive IIF. Listeria monocytogenes could be isolated by cultivation of the cervico-vaginal exudate, cerebrospinal fluid and from the placenta. After one year and more, these mothers continued to have positive IIF, proving that L. monocytogenes does not disappear from infected persons, even after a long-lasting treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Latent listeriosis may cause habitual abortion intrauterine deaths, fetal malformations. When diagnosed and treated adequately normal children will be born.

We endeavoured to prove latent listeriosis (LL), a chronic and asymptomatic infection, in women who suffered from repeated accidents in their pregnancies. By the reduction of immune defences in the pregnant woman, the latent infection may break out again, affecting thus the fetus and causing abortion, stillbirths or malformations. In such women the diagnosis of LL is urgent right from the start of pregnancy, and so is the antilisteria treatment to protect the fetus. Antilisteric antibodies are readily detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), using live antigen or antigen not inactivated by high temperatures of inadequate conservation, as is frequent in currently used agglutination test reactives. Out of the 309 women, 207 had a total of 334 abortions, 67 prematures, 75 stillbirths, 43 malformed living or dead offsprings. High positivity of IIF was the only aetiologic date to explain these accidents. Treatment of new pregnancies of a part of these IIF-positive women led to birth of 152 normal children, negative by IIF for listeriosis. The search for LL at the onset of any pregnancy, same as done in various infections (lues, toxoplasmosis, etc.) is therefore warmly recommended.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1977

[Vascularization of the transverse colon].

Results of 21 injections of the transverse colon with coloured latex. The superior and inferior mesenteric arteries are separately injected. Dissections allowed the study of the topography and width of the colic transverse vessels. Collateral circulation is also described. A middle colic artery is present in 85% of the cases. The length of transverse colon vascularized by each arterial system is related with accuracy to the number of arcades issued from each system. The superior mesenteric artery prevails in the blood supply of the transverse colon (70% of its length).

Colon↗
PubMed1975

The autoregulatory capability of Galen's rete cerebri and its connections.

The rete, a vascular system between the extra- and intracerebral arteries of certain animals, may have a variety of functions in different species. The calibres of the vessels of the rete and its arteries of supply have been measured under different conditions of blood pressure and PaCO2. It has been shown that the rete and its afferent arteries behave in an autoregulatory fashion down to a blood pressure of 60 mmHg. They also dilate with a rise in PaCO2. It has also been found that some parts of the system dilate even when the blood pressure drops lower than 60 mmHg. It is suggested that this autoregulatory capacity of extradural vessels limits the requirement for CSF spaces to change with blood pressure changes. A general rule has been sought which would link the known facts about cerebral autoregulation and the possession of extra- to intracranial anastomoses with the bodily shape and posture of the particular animal.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The vasodilator action of angiography with Urografin 60% on the basal vessels of the brain of the baboon.

Angiography under experimental conditions shows that Urografin has a vasodilator action of the order of 8% upon the basal cerebral arteries of the baboon. This action is not seen within the first 4 sec of the angiogram and the dilator effect of a single injection has passed off completely 15 min later. Three successive injections within 7 min show little evidence of cumulative vasodilatation. The vasodilator action of three successive angiograms has disappeared 22 to 29 min later. Because of wide variations in the degree of vasodilatation shown by individual baboons it may be necessary to use each baboon as its own control in subsequent work.

Angiography↗