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Biomedical subjects

M Sakaguchi

Publications and source records attributed to M Sakaguchi.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Digoxin-like immunoreactive substance in urine of patients with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS).

Levels of digoxin-like immunoreactive substance (DLIS) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA) in urine from patients with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Because DLIS of stored samples was often below the level of detection by conventional immunoassay, the authors used 80% ammonium sulfate and extraction with phosphate buffer and then 80% hot ethanol. To study the origin of raised levels of DLIS in urine, the synthesis of DLIS by cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was tested in vitro. The correlation between DLIS and DHEA levels was not significant. Mean levels of urinary DLIS corrected for creatinine in the patients with MCLS were significantly higher than in both normal and diseased controls. The culture medium of HUVEC was found to contain DLIS activity. These results show that MCLS should be added to the clinical states associated with an increased urinary concentration of DLIS and that the endothelial cells are one source of DLIS in man.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1992

The biological fate of sodium prasterone sulfate after vaginal administration. I. Absorption and excretion in rats.

The absorption and excretion of sodium prasterone sulfate (PS) (sodium dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) were studied in rats after vaginal administration of 14C-PS. In late pregnant rats, maximum plasma level (Cmax) appeared at 2-4 h after dosing and both Cmax and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) increased proportionally with increased dose up to 4.0 mg/kg. The radioactivity administered was almost completely recovered from urine and feces during a 72 h postdosing period. The percentages of radioactivity excreted in urine and feces were 58% and 40% of the dose, respectively. The biliary excretion was 46% of the dose within 48 h and about half of the radioactive biliary excreta entered the enterohepatic circulation system. The vaginal absorption of PS was markedly affected by the estrous cycle stage and the progress of pregnancy. The vaginal absorption of PS was predominant at metestrus and diestrus and during late pregnancy.

Absorption↗
PubMed1992

Enhancing effect of butorphanol on medetomidine-induced sedation in pigs.

Enhancing effect of an opiate agonist-antagonist butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg) on sedation induced by medetomidine (80 micrograms/kg) was evaluated in pigs. Butorphanol significantly enhanced the depth of medetomidine-induced sedation and prolonged the duration of that assessed by posture score and spontaneous movement of pigs. The combination of medetomidine and butorphanol produced excellent muscle relaxation and moderate surface analgesia which was enough for procedures with mild pain in pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Antagonism of medetomidine sedation by atipamezole in pigs.

The efficacy of atipamezole as a medetomidine antagonist was evaluated in pigs. The atipamezole doses (intramuscularly) were 80, 160, 320 and 480 micrograms/kg of body weight, which were one, two, four and six times higher than the preceding medetomidine dose (80 micrograms/kg, intramuscularly). Atipamezole effectively reversed medetomidine-induced sedation, and the optimal action was seen at doses of 160 and 320 micrograms/kg. Recovery from sedation was quick and smooth, and adverse effects such as hyperactivity or tachycardia were minimal with either dose.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1992

A balanced anesthesia with a combination of xylazine, ketamine and butorphanol and its antagonism by yohimbine in pigs.

The effects of intramuscular injections of xylazine (2 mg/kg)-ketamine (15 mg/kg) [X-K15], and xylazine (2 mg/kg)-ketamine (5 mg/kg)-butorphanol (0.22 mg/kg) [X-K5-B] were compared in atropinized (0.05 mg/kg) miniature pigs (pigs). Both combinations induced the anesthesia for more than 1 hr, however X-K5-B induced the more potent and well balanced anesthesia as compared with X-K15, although the amount of ketamine was reduced to one third. The duration of loss of pedal reflex, an indicator of surgical anesthesia, in X-K5-B (62 +/- 13 min) was significantly (P less than 0.05) longer than in X-K15 (28 +/- 19 min). In addition, X-K5-B was accompanied by loss of laryngeal reflex in all pigs. Recovery from anesthesia in X-K5-B was much smoother than in X-K15, and the administration of yohimbine (0.05 mg/kg) could rapidly and smoothly reverse the anesthesia induced by X-K5-B, although it was accompanied by a transient fall in blood pressure and tachycardia. The combination of xylazine, ketamine and butorphanol appears to be a relatively safe and widely available anesthesia for the period of one hour in pigs.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1992

Sedative effects of medetomidine in pigs.

Sedative effects of medetomidine, a potent selective and specific alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, were evaluated in pigs using 5 different doses (30, 50, 80, 100 and 150 micrograms/kg of body weight) and compared with those of xylazine (2 mg/kg). Atropine (25 micrograms/kg) was mixed with both drugs to prevent severe bradycardia. All drugs were administered intramuscularly. Medetomidine at a dosage of 30 micrograms/kg produced more potent sedation than xylazine. The depth of sedation induced by medetomidine was dose dependent within the range from 30 to 80 micrograms/kg. At 100 or 150 micrograms/kg, the depth of sedation was mostly the similar level to that at 80 micrograms/kg but the duration was prolonged. The degree of muscle relaxation produced by medetomidine also seemed to be dose dependent from 30 to 80 micrograms/kg and was stronger than that produced by xylazine. An increase in the duration of muscle relaxation was dose dependent up to 150 micrograms/kg. No analgesic effect was produced by xylazine, however moderate analgesia was obtained by medetomidine. There were no marked changes in heart rate and respiratory rate during the observation period in pigs of any groups, however mild hypothermia after the administration of both drugs was observed. From these results, medetomidine has a significant and dose-dependent sedative effects which are much more potent than that of xylazine, and a combination of 80 micrograms/kg of medetomidine and 25 micrograms/kg of atropine is suitable for sedation with lateral recumbency and moderate muscle relaxation without notable side effects in pigs.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1992

Measurement of serum IgE antibodies against Japanese cedar pollen (Cryptomeria japonica) in Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) with pollinosis.

IgE antibodies against allergens of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica, CJ) pollen in the serum of seven Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) with pollinosis were measured by fluorometric indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All of the monkeys were found to have specific IgE to the crude pollen antigen. The specific IgE levels were well correlated with those determined by the Pharmacia CAP system. IgE antibodies were then assayed with two kinds of purified allergens (Cry j I and Cry j II) by the ELISA. We found that five monkeys had specific IgE to both allergens, although the other two had IgE only to Cry j I or Cry j II; there is different immune responsiveness to the two major allergens in the monkeys.

Allergens↗
PubMed1992

[The effects of preanesthetic oral clonidine upon heart rate response to intravenous atropine in patients during general anesthesia].

In awake subjects the positive chronotropic effect of intravenously administered atropine 10 micrograms.kg-1 has been demonstrated to be blunted by preanesthetic medication of oral clonidine 5 micrograms.kg-1. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether general anesthesia could alter the clonidine-induced attenuation of positive chronotropic effect by atropine. Thirty-two patients were randomly assigned to one of the two groups; patients of the clonidine group received oral clonidine 5 micrograms.kg-1 (n = 12), whereas those of the control group received no clonidine. General anesthesia was induced with intravenous thiamylal 4-5 mg.kg-1, and was maintained with enflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen after endotracheal intubation. Following the stable circulatory period of 10 min, hemodynamic measurements were made at 1 min intervals for 10 min after atropine 10 micrograms.kg-1 was administered intravenously as a bolus in both groups. A significant attenuation in heart rate response to intravenous atropine 10 micrograms.kg-1 was observed in patients receiving clonidine 5 micrograms.kg-1, as compared with that in the control group (P less than 0.01); maximal increases in heart rate were 15 +/- 8 and 22 +/- 6 beats.min-1 (mean +/- SD) in the clonidine and control groups, respectively. It is concluded that clonidine 5 micrograms.kg-1 blunts the heart rate response to intravenous atropine 10 micrograms.kg-1 in patients anesthetized with enflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[Brief counting method of airborne Cryptomeria japonica pollen by a combination of fluorescence antibody staining and flow cytometry].

Airborne pollens collected in a pollen collector (Virtual Impactor) was treated with a fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled monoclonal antibody (KW-S10) which was strictly specific to Japanese cedar pollen antigen (Cry j I). Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the intensity of fluorescence of the pollen samples treated with the antibody was greater than that of non-treated reference pollen or the antibody treated Hinoki-cypress pollen. By use of this method, it may be possible to display the airborne pollen concentration within 20 min after sampling.

Air↗
PubMed1992

[Continuous intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients with nonresectable metastatic liver cancer].

Five colorectal cancer patients with nonresectable metastatic liver cancer underwent continuous intraarterial chemotherapy in our institute from January to December 1991. Patients included four rectal cancers and one colonic cancer. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was infused continuously through an Infuse-A-Port; 360 mg/m2/day for one week after operation, and 180 mg/m2/day for the following three weeks. Since the fifth week after operation, two weeks without infusion and two weeks of infusion (180 mg/m2/day) were alternated as long as possible. Total periods of 5-FU infusion therapy were from one to 11 months and total doses of 5-FU ranged from 8,750 mg to 25,650 mg. Three patients showed partial response (PR) and two patients progressive disease (PD) (response rate; 60%). In three cases of PR, lengths of infusion therapy and total doses of 5-FU before PR was first observed was 8 weeks, 10,750 mg, 6 weeks, 9,250 mg, and 4 weeks, 8,750 mg, respectively. Four patients presented nausea, appetite loss or abdominal pain, which were considered to be side effects of 5-FU. In one of these four patients, infusion could not be continued because symptoms were so severe. However, catheter troubles were not noticed among all cases.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

[Control of house dust mites and mite allergens by special mite-preventive futon].

We studied the effect of a recently-developed special mite-preventive futon (bedding) on mite population and mite allergen contents (Der I and Der II) in asthmatic children and their families (23 sets) for 2 years. 1. The number of mites (vacuumed samples) in the 124 sets of futon for 2 years was 6.4 (SD +/- 8.8) in average in the mite-preventive futon which was significantly smaller than the number (about 1/10) in the control futon: 70.0 (SD +/- 99) (p less than 0.001). 2. Follow-up studies were made on the mite population about 2 years (3, 6, 9 12 and 27 months afterwards). The numbers of mites in all the mite-preventive futon was always 1/10 or less than that of in the control futon (p less than 0.01). 3. The mite allergens (Der I and Der II) were measured in the cotton stuffing of the futon used for 2 years. The mite allergen counts in the mite-preventive futon averaged about 1/24 of those in the control futon. 4. Airborne mite allergens (Der I and Der II) obtained by beating the futon were measured. The ratio of the mite allergen count in the mite-preventive futon to the control futon was found to be 1:22-264. These results indicate that the special mite-preventive futon always inhibit mite infestation at least 1/10 of that in the ordinary (control) futon and that the count of mite allergens in the cotton stuffing and in the airborne particles was even lower in the mite-preventive futon.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cooperative regulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide levels in rat sensory neurons via their central and peripheral processes.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is present in both motor and sensory neurons and transported in the somatofugal direction. CGRP levels in sensory neurons are assumed to be regulated by NGF supplied from their peripheral targets. In cultured sensory neurons, however, a basal level of CGRP persists even without NGF. This suggests that some additional factors may be involved in regulation of CGRP levels of sensory neurons. The present study shows that chronic section of the sciatic nerve in the rat reduces CGRP levels in the lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG), whereas section of dorsal roots increases CGRP levels in the DRG. This increased CGRP level by dorsal rhizotomy was associated with enhancement of the CGRP mRNA expression in the DRG. Thus, CGRP expression in DRG appears to be regulated reciprocally via their central and peripheral processes. When the sciatic nerve had been cut 1 week previously, however, dorsal rhizotomy no longer increased CGRP levels in the lumbar DRG. Therefore, stimulation of CGRP synthesis in the DRG by dorsal rhizotomy may require the integrity of the peripheral processes. When NGF had been infused into the central stump of the cut sciatic nerve, dorsal rhizotomy again increased CGRP levels in the DRG, despite prior section of the peripheral processes. We conclude that CGRP expression in sensory neurons may be regulated by cooperative action of some factors derived via their central processes and NGF supplied from the peripheral targets.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Systematic analysis of stop-transfer sequence for microsomal membrane.

Co-translational protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane is interrupted by particular amino acid sequences which are called stop-transfer sequences. Since the stop-transfer process should reflect the character of the protein translocation machinery, systematic examination on the structural requirements for stop-transfer sequences should give information about the translocation process. By the manipulation of the cDNA of interleukin 2, a typical secretory protein, the middle portion of the molecule was replaced with systematically constructed hydrophobic stretches, and two positively or negatively charged amino acid residues were introduced just behind the hydrophobic stretches. The modified proteins were synthesized with an in vitro transcription-translation system in the presence of dog pancreas rough microsomes, and their topologies in the membrane were examined with proteinase K digestion. The efficiency of stop-translocation depended on the hydrophobicity and the length of the inserted stretch. The segments followed by positively charged residues interrupted the translocation more efficiently than those with negatively charged residues. We observed that more than 19 alanine residues were required for efficient stop-translocation, whereas only 9 leucine residues were sufficient. We suggest that the positively charged residues following the hydrophobic stretches promote stop-translocation of the peptides through the channel.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Human immunodeficiency virus infection of megakaryocytic cells.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is capable of infecting certain cells of hematopoietic lineage, particularly monocyte-macrophages and T lymphocytes. Recently, the possibility that cells of megakaryocytic lineage are susceptible to HIV infection has been raised. We have characterized infection of the permanent megakaryocytic cell line CMK by HIV in vitro. CMK cells were easily infected by HIV type 2 (HIV-2), producing significant amounts of virus in culture. Infection appeared to be mediated by the CD4 surface antigen on CMK cells. Three different strains of HIV-1 were able to minimally infect CMK cells, suggesting there may be isolates of HIV tropic for megakaryocytes. Infection of CMK cells led to downregulation of the CD4 surface antigen but no discernable change in expression of megakaryocyte-associated proteins glycoprotein Ib and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. These observations support the likelihood that megakaryocytes are susceptible to HIV infection, and cell lines of megakaryocytic origin may provide a useful model to study effects of the retrovirus on megakaryocyte function.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Physiologic and anatomic assessment of patients with rectocele.

Clinical, physiologic, and anatomic assessments were carried out in 22 female patients with symptomatic rectocele (Group A), 15 patients with asymptomatic rectocele (Group B), and 14 subjects having no rectocele (Group C). Resting and pressure, rectal pressure, rectal compliance, anorectal inhibitory reflex, and rectal sensation did not differ among the groups. Proctography revealed that the lengths of the rectocele during attempted defecation in groups A (1.6 [1.0-3.5] cm) (median and range) and B (1.6 [1.0-3.0] cm) were significantly greater than that in Group C (0.4 [0.1-0.9] cm) (P less than 0.001 in both groups). Median pelvic floor descent at rest in Groups A (4.3 [1.6-7.5] cm) (median and range) and B (4.3 [1.3-6.9] cm) were significantly greater than that in Group C (2.5 [1.2-5.0] cm) (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.02, respectively). These results indicate that rectocele is not associated with any physiologic change apart from a significant increase of pelvic floor descent.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A multivariate analysis of risk factors for anterior atlantoaxial subluxation and an evaluation of the effect of glucocorticoid treatment on the upper rheumatoid cervical spine.

A cross-sectional, retrospective computerized analysis of risk factors for anterior atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) was performed. Logistic regression performed on the clinical variables involved in 145 cases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disclosed a high joint score index and a low blood haemoglobin level as significant independent risk factors. This means that the development of anterior AAS is connected with widespread RA. Linear multiple regression analysis showed an association between the extent of anterior AAS in millimetres and the spread of erosions of the dens of axis and negative correlation with the severity of vertical atlantoaxial dislocation (VD). This suggests that whereas the presence of anterior AAS is connected with the severity of the systemic disease, its actual extent is associated with signs of local involvement, other than severe VD. The duration or cumulative dosage of glucocorticoids were not associated with the development or extent of anterior AAS, nor with the severity of vertical dislocation. This suggests that low dose glucocorticoid treatment is not involved with the development of rheumatoid changes in the upper cervical spine. It should be borne in mind, of course, that although no correlation was found, a causal relation cannot be excluded.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗