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M Salinsky

Publications and source records attributed to M Salinsky.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Alertness and attention: basic science and electrophysiologic correlates.

There has been much research in the electrophysiologic correlates of alertness and attention, but it is fragmented into many subfields. This article integrates current knowledge across multiple disciplines and methodologies to provide a broad overview of alertness and attention. First, terms that are related to alertness and attention are clarified. Then, there is a discussion of basic neuroscience, human neurophysiology, and clinical fields that impact on alertness and attention. Areas discussed include thalamic and neurotransmitter-specific ascending pathways. EEG, event-related potentials, and both physiologic and pathologic states of decreased alertness or attention.

Attention↗
PubMed1991

Tonic changes in alpha power during immersion of the hand in cold water.

Phasic event-related desynchronization (ERD) of alpha activity briefly follows many types of stimulation. In order to define EEG changes resulting from longer stimulation. EEG records were made before and during hand immersion into cool and painfully cold water (cold pressor). Five minutes of 13-lead EEG records were obtained from 14 subjects for each condition. EEG frequency analysis was performed on artifact-free epochs from 60 to 240 sec following immersion. Following an initial phasic decrease in alpha power during cold water immersion, there was an augmentation of alpha power (8-12 Hz) in bilateral frontal and posterior electrodes. This augmentation was largely the result of an increase in the low alpha band (8-10 Hz). Alpha power at both central electrodes C3 and C4 changed little during cold water immersion. Cool water immersion produced less alpha power augmentation than cold water immersion. These observed changes were primarily in the high alpha band (10-12 Hz) and were larger in electrodes ipsilateral rather than contralateral to the stimulation. There was also an increase of beta bilaterally in frontal and posterior regions with cold water immersion. Our data demonstrate sustained topographic EEG responses during tonic stimulation from hand immersion in painfully cold water. These changes differ from those produced by stimulation with cool water immersion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Computerized EEG frequency analysis: sensitivity and specificity in patients with focal lesions.

We performed computerized EEG frequency analysis (C-EEGFA) in 69 controls and 20 patients with focal brain lesions and focally abnormal conventional EEGs. Individual channel EEG frequency analysis variables that were helpful in differentiating the 2 groups were absolute delta and theta band power, relative delta, theta, and alpha band powers, and median-power frequency. High-frequency beta band power (20 to 32 Hz) was not useful. Changes in EEG with age were seen only after age 50 and generally consisted of an increase in anterior alpha power, with no significant increase in slowing. Correlations of C-EEGFA variables with posterior alpha power were more significant than correlations with age. Calculating normative C-EEGFA data for 5 subsets of controls, each with a different amount of posterior alpha power, increased the sensitivity of the EEG frequency analysis test without altering the specificity. Even with this correction 2 of 20 patients with focal lesions and focally abnormal conventional EEGs had normal C-EEGFA studies. If these obvious focal lesions produced normal results, more subtle diseases might not be detected. A significant clinical utility of C-EEGFA remains to be proven.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of sleep staging by polygraph and color density spectral array.

Color Density Spectral Array (CDSA) is a new technique that uses the fast Fourier transform and color graphics to provide a display of frequency, power, and time. CDSA sleep records provide an overview of sleep architecture as well as quantitative+ EEG data. To validate this technique, overnight sleep records from five patients were independently staged from polygraph recordings and overnight CDSA records. Observed agreement between the two techniques was 85-92% for approximately 1,100 epochs per night.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Representation of sleep stages by color density spectral array.

Multiple-channel color density spectral array (CDSA) was used to graphically represent sleep stages. This technique uses color coding of Fast Fourier Transforms to provide a compact display of frequency, power, and real time. Distinct CDSA patterns correlate to the awake, non-REM, and REM sleep states. The graphic compression of sleep data could considerably shorten the time required to stage overnight sleep recordings.

Color↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effectiveness of multiple EEGs in supporting the diagnosis of epilepsy: an operational curve.

Interictal epileptiform activity (IIEA) on EEG may be useful in the diagnosis and characterization of epilepsy. A single scalp EEG may fail to detect this abnormality, which is then discovered on repeat recordings. Since many people with epilepsy have persistently normal EEGs, a practical question arises concerning the yield of multiple EEGs. To determine the probability of finding IIEA with serial EEGs (the operational curve), we reviewed data from 1,201 EEGs on 429 adult patients, most with definite epilepsy presenting in adulthood. The diagnosis was made either clinically or with the support of the EEG. In 50% of our patients with IIEA, the abnormality is present on the first record, in 84% by the third EEG, and in 92% by the fourth. There is relatively little yield to serial EEGs beyond this point.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The utility of cerebrospinal fluid examination in patients with partial epilepsy.

The initial evaluation of patients with seizure disorders frequently includes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination in order to identify an underlying cerebral lesion. With increasing use of computed tomography (CT) scanning to detect cerebral neoplasms, the value of CSF examination has become less certain. The significance of mild CSF abnormalities in patients with a normal CT scan remains unknown. We reviewed the records of 95 patients with adult onset partial epilepsy whose initial evaluation included CSF examination and CT scan. A CSF abnormality not temporally related to convulsive seizure was seen in 24 patients (25%). The CSF study confirmed a clinically suspect subarachnoid hemorrhage in 4 patients. Isolated mild (49-106 mg/dl) increases in CSF protein were seen in 19 patients. Of these 19 patients, 8 had a structural lesion on CT scan. Clinical follow-up of the other 11 patients (mean 5 years) has revealed no evidence of a focal lesion or increasing seizure frequency. This suggests that in an adult population with partial epilepsy routine CSF examination may not be necessary and should be reserved for situations in which there is particular clinical indication.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of partial seizures: 3. Long-term follow-up on first 67 patients exiting a controlled study. First International Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study Group.

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has demonstrated a significant anticonvulsant effect in preclinical studies, in pilot studies in humans, and in the acute phase of a multicenter, double-blinded, randomized study. After completion of a 14-week, blinded, randomized study, with 31 receiving high (therapeutic) VNS and 36 receiving low (less or noneffective) VNS, 67 patients elected to continue in an open extension phase. During the extension phase, all 67 patients received high VNS. Seizure frequency during the 3-month treatment blocks was compared with a 12-week baseline. For both groups, all periods of high VNS demonstrated a significant decrease in seizure frequency (p < 0.01 level) as compared with baseline. For the 16-18-month period of VNS, data were available for 26 of the 31 patients randomized to high VNS. This group achieved a 52.0% mean seizure frequency percentage reduction as compared with baseline. For those converted from low to high VNS, data were available for 24 of the 36 patients at the 16-18-month time period. This group reported a mean seizure frequency percentage reduction of 38.1% as compared with baseline. No significant change in the safety/side effect profile was reported during long-term follow-up. The previously reported side effects of hoarseness/voice change, coughing, and paresthesia (sensation in neck and jaw) continued to occur during VNS. These side effects were well tolerated. During the follow-up period, 1 patient died of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and 5 patients discontinued treatment because of unsatisfactory efficacy.

Adult↗