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Biomedical subjects

M Samánek

Publications and source records attributed to M Samánek.

187 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Boy:girl ratio in children born with different forms of cardiac malformation: a population-based study.

The boy:girl ratio was calculated for all live births with cardiac malformation in Bohemia (population 6.3 million) from 1977-1984. Complete coverage of all deceased children in Bohemia by necropsy and of all patients with heart disease by our center enabled us to collect reliable data. Of 4409 children born with a heart defect, there were 2296 boys and 2113 girls, a ratio of 1.09:1. In the total population of 664,218 children born during the same period of time, the ratio was 1.06:1. A higher proportion of boys was found with double outlet right ventricle (2.68:1), hypoplastic left heart (2.25:1), transposition of the great arteries (2.11:1), aortic stenosis (1.95:1), pulmonary atresia (1.55:1), tricuspid atresia (1.45:1), coarctation of the aorta (1.30:1), and corrected transposition of the great arteries (1.25:1). There were significantly more girls than boys with persistent ductus arteriosus (1:1.66), Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve (1:1.57), truncus arteriosus (1:1.22), atrioventricular septal defect (1:1.17), and tetralogy of Fallot (1:1.12). The difference in sex prevalence in the remaining heart defects was less than 10%.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differences between atrial and ventricular protein profiling in children with congenital heart disease.

The purpose of the present study was to compare protein profiling of atria and ventricles in children operated for congenital heart disease. Tissue samples were obtained during surgery from patients with normoxemic (ventricular and atrial septal defects) and hypoxemic (tetralogy of Fallot) diseases. Protein fractions were isolated by stepwise extraction from both right ventricular and atrial musculature. The concentration of total atrial protein in the normoxemic patients exceeded the ventricular value (110 +/- 2.1 vs 99.9 +/- 4.0 mg.g-1 wet weight, respectively); in the hypoxemic group this atrio-ventricular difference disappeared. The concentration of contractile proteins in all cardiac samples was significantly higher in the ventricles as compared with atria, while the concentration of collagenous proteins was significantly higher in the atria (due to a higher amount of the insoluble collagenous fraction). The concentration of sarcoplasmic proteins (containing predominantly enzyme systems for aerobic and anaerobic substrate utilization), however did not differ between ventricles and atria. Furthermore, ventricular contractile fractions obtained from both normoxemic and hypoxemic patients were contaminated with the myosin light chain of atrial origin. Soluble collagenous fractions (containing newly synthesized collagenous proteins, predominantly collagen I and III), derived from all ventricular samples, were contaminated by low molecular weight fragments (mol. weight 29-35 kDa). The proportion of the soluble collagenous fraction was significantly higher in atrial but not in ventricular myocardium of hypoxemic children as compared with the normoxemic group. It seems, therefore, that lower oxygen saturation affects the synthesis of collagen preferentially in atrial tissue.

Actins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lung function in VSD patients after corrective heart surgery.

Static lung volumes, lung elasticity, and airway patency indices were measured in 47 children operated on for ventricular septal defect (VSD). Open-heart surgery was performed at the age of 0.6-12.0 years (median 4.1 years). In the first group (34 subjects), after primary repair of the VSD, there was an increase in lung recoil pressure at 100% of total lung capacity (TLC) (128% of the predicted value) and a reduction in specific airway conductance (sGaw) (75% of the predicted value). In the second group (13 patients), who had had previous pulmonary artery banding at 0.2-4.0 years (median 0.7 year) there was an increased functional residual capacity/TLC ratio (111% of predicted value), reduced sGaw (69% of predicted value), and reduced maximum expiratory flow at 25% of vital capacity (79% of predicted value). Lung volumes were insignificantly reduced in both groups. The frequency of lung function disturbances was similar in the two groups (71% of patients in the former group and 77% of patients in the latter group). A linear positive correlation between specific airway conductance and the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) (r = 0.793, p < 0.006) was observed in children with an mPAP <30 mmHg prior to open-heart surgery. A positive correlation between static recoil pressure at full inflation and mPAP (r = 0.545, p < 0.03) was found in children with an mPAP > 30 mmHg. The severity of congenital heart disease prior to surgery and the influence of the timing of the surgical procedures may cause the differences in lung function tests between the groups.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital heart disease among 815,569 children born between 1980 and 1990 and their 15-year survival: a prospective Bohemia survival study.

The objective of this study was to ascertain the prevalence and survival rate of children born with a heart defect. A total of 816, 569 children live-born between 1980 and 1990 in Bohemia (52,478 km(2), population 6.314 million, western Czech Republic) were followed up and those with suspected heart disease referred to a center. Echocardiography was done in all of them. All dead children were autopsied. Congenital heart disease was found in 5030 of 816, 569 children (6.16 per 1000 live births). The most frequent conditions were ventricular septal defect (41.59%), atrial septal defect (8.67%), aortic (7.77%) and pulmonary (5.81%) stenoses, transposition of the great arteries (5.39%), coarctation of the aorta (5.29%) and persistent ductus arteriosus (5.07%). The first week was survived by 92.46%, the first month by 89.14%, 6 months by 82.42%, and the first year of life by 80.02%, and 77.11% (95% CI 75. 91-78.31%) survived to age 15 years. The best prognosis was found in pulmonary stenosis (15-year survival 95.55%), atrial septal defect (92.04%), persistent ductus arteriosus (90.59%), ventricular septal defect (89.37%) and aortic stenosis (88.39%). The worst results were attained in hypoplastic left heart, truncus arteriosus and pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum. In conclusion, the prevalence of congenital heart disease was 6.16 per 1000 live births; 77.11% of patients survived to age 15 years.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Geometry of the capillary net in human hearts.

The geometry of the coronary capillary bed in human hearts was studied using samples obtained during cardiac surgery of children operated for tetralogy of Fallot and samples from fresh normal hearts used for valve harvesting. The results revealed a similar coronary capillary density and heterogeneity of capillary spacing in samples from both groups. A double-staining method was used to distinguish between capillary segments close to the feeding arteriole (proximal capillaries) and segments distant from the arteriole (distal capillaries). In both groups of hearts, capillary segment length was consistently shorter on the venular than the arteriolar portion of the capillary. Similarly, capillary domain areas were also smaller and the resulting capillary supply unit was smaller along venular portions compared to arteriolar regions of the capillary bed. This distinctive geometry would provide advantageous geometric conditions for tissue oxygen supply.

Adolescent↗