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Biomedical subjects

M Santa

Publications and source records attributed to M Santa.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

The response of a bacterial biofilm community in a simulated industrial cooling water system to treatment with an anionic dispersant.

The effect of a dispersant on the microbial community in a simulated open recirculating cooling water system was determined by continuous operation of the system over two consecutive periods of 196 and 252 d, respectively. An open recirculating cooling water system feeding a modified Robbin's Device with synthetic cooling water to simulate the environment of an industrial cooling water system was set up. Planktonic and biofilm (mild steel and Nylon(R)) samples were taken weekly in 1997 (196-d period) and fortnightly in 1998 (252-d period). Each biofilm was scraped off and diluted in 10-ml 1 x phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Serial dilutions were performed and plated onto R2A agar (pH 8.0) to obtain the predominant culturable bacteria. The diversity was determined by allocating groups according to colony morphology, diameter and colour. Diversity was calculated according to the Shannon-Weaver Index. During the first run (1997), dispersant was added on day 57 to a final concentration of 15 mg l-1 for 49 d, stopped for 49 d and dosed at 30 mg l-1 for 41 d. The second run entailed adding dispersant to a final concentration of 30 mg l-1 on day 98 for 70 d, stopping dosing for 56 d and resuming dosing at 30 mg l-1 for another 28 d. The 2-year evaluation period demonstrated that the biofilm-removing action of the dispersant decreased to a point where it was not effective at all. Our results showed that the synthetic dispersant evaluated was only effective initially, but was ineffective in controlling biofouling on Nylon, and to a lesser degree on mild steel at the recommended (15 mg l-1) as well as at double the recommended concentration in the long term. The release of cells from biofilms observed when dispersant dosing was terminated, supports the notion that a community attaching in the presence of the surface active agent was selected for. The decreased efficacy may therefore be due to a selection of strains able to remain attached and/or attach in the presence of the dispersant as demonstrated by shifts in the biofilm communities on both Nylon and mild steel.

Agar↗
PubMed1993

[Results of surgery for hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage].

The authors subdued 82 patients to an analysis, the aim of which was to determine the most optimum indication criterias for operations due to hypertonic brain hemorrhage. The survival rate, its qualities and other parameters in the group under observation did not significantly differ from characteristics of groups of patients given by literature. Therefore, they recommend the following factors to be taken into consideration of surgical indication: age, general status of the patient, localization of the hematoma, associated internal diseases. (Tab. 3, Fig. 5, Ref. 16.)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Mapping of the canine lumbosacral spinal cord neurons by Nauta method at the end of the early phase of paraplegia induced by ischemia and reperfusion.

The Nauta impregnation method was used to map the neuronal changes in the canine lumbosacral segments following ischemia and reperfusion. The early perikaryal changes ensuing during the first phase after 30 min of thoracic aorta cross-clamping alone or followed by 30 min of reperfusion were mapped. During the second phase (one to six postischemic reperfusion days) the dendritic, preterminal and synaptic degeneration developed. The influence of 30 min cross-clamping immediately followed by perfusion fixation is characterized by the occurrence of flocculent argyrophilic clusters in the cytoplasm of middle-sized and large neurons of L3-S1 segments. Declamping of the thoracic aorta followed by 30 min of reperfusion basically modifies the susceptibility of lumbosacral neurons to Nauta impregnation promoting somatic and dendritic argyrophilia mainly of small (less than 15 microns) neurons, localized mostly in the fifth, sixth and seventh layers, respectively. This early appearing somatic and dendritic argyrophilia is not abolished by a pretreatment of sections with acetone in which cholesterol and its esters are highly soluble, or chloroform-methanol which extracts total lipid. After 24 h of reperfusion the somatic and dendritic argyrophilia is lost but the first signs of drop-like degeneration are detected in all but three superficial dorsal horn layers. At the end of the third reperfusion day, an atypical form of bouton degeneration was found, consisting of massive occurrence of enlarged (greater than 4 microns) boutons encircled by a clear halo. Laminar distribution of enlarged degenerating boutons coincides with laminar quantitative distribution of small argyrophilic neurons detected 30 min after reperfusion. The basic orientation of the many terminal fibres attached to enlarged boutons suggests that they belong to the axons localized mainly in the lateral and anterior columns. Despite a dense argyrophilic network pervading the gray matter of lumbosacral segments only pale shadows of middle-sized and large neurons were found at the end of the sixth reperfusion day and neither somatic nor vessel wall argyrophilia could be detected. All animals surviving one, three and six days postoperatively suffered from fully developed paraplegia.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Periradiculographic and CT examination in the differential diagnosis of pain after intervertebral disk surgery].

Between February 1, 1982 and December 31, 1988 at the Neurosurgical Clinic of the Faculty Hospital and Policlinic in Kosice on account of justified suspicion of a relapse of discogenic compression of the lumbosacral spinal roots 102 patients were re-operated (38 women, 64 men) aged 18 to 65 years (mean 39.5 years). Of these three who were hypersensitive to iodine were reoperated at a time when the hospital did not yet possess a CT based on clinical symptoms. In 61 patients the indicated re-operation was supported by the conclusions of periradiculographic, in 21 of native CT and in 17 based on both mentioned examinations. Comparison of the surgical findings with the X-ray findings revealed that on periradiculography the conclusion was in complete agreement in 31 patients, in another 27 partial agreement (a total of 73.3% patients examined in this way), in those examined by CT there was complete agreement in 16 and partial agreement in 11 (i.e. 71.1% on this sub-group). Neither of the two examination methods was quite reliable for indication of re-pleration of intervertebral discs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Problems of recurrence and reoperations in discogenic lumboischiadic syndromes. 1].

During the period between Feb. 1 1982 and Dec. 31 1989 at the Neurosurgical Clinic in Kosice 2346 patients were operated (813 women and 1533 men) on account of discogenic lumboischiadic syndrome. Because of true relapses 79 patients were reoperated (29 women, 50 men), i.e., 3.37% of 2346 patients. These formed the investigated group. The youngest patient was 18 years old, the oldest 60 years, the mean age was 38.5 years. Check-up examinations, X-ray material and mathematical evaluation revealed that even marked deviations from the ideal weight according to Broca, balneotherapy, regular physical training and localization of the damaged disc did not influence the development of a true relapse which called for re-operation. The latter were significantly more frequent in subjects engaged in excessively hard physical work and those who developed a complication during the first operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Problems of recurrence and reoperation in discogenic lumboischiadic syndromes. 2].

In a group of 79 patients (29 women and 50 men) reoperated at the Neurosurgical Clinic of the Faculty Hospital with Policlinic in Kosice between Feb. 1 1982 and Dec. 31, 1989 for substantiated suspicion of a true relapse of discogenic lumboischiadic syndrome it was revealed that neither perimyelography nor CT examination of the spine disclosed reliably the conditions in the spinal canal. The assumed disc compression of spinal roots was confirmed by the surgeon on reoperation only in 58.2% of the patients. Complications were encountered on reoperation in 26.6% patients of the group whereby in the majority an injury of the dura mater fixed by an epidural scar was involved. The results of reoperations were worse than the results of primary operations. Improvement can be expected from a better differential diagnosis of complaints after disc operations and from improvement of the surgical technique which will reduce the risk of preoperative complications, e.g. by using the microsurgical technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Prolonged epidural hemorrhage].

The authors give an account of four male patients aged 4, 26, 34 and 51 years where they removed on the 4th to 20th day following head injury an epidural haematoma. In the youngest patient the haematoma was in the area of the posterior cranial fossa on the left in another patient on the left in the occipital area, in the third patient concurrent epidural and subdural haemorrhage in the left temporal region was involved as well as contusion of the brain on the same side, in the last patient a large epidural parieto-occipital haematoma on the right side was involved. In the four-year-old boy the haemorrhage developed without fracture of the skull, in the remainder there was fracture of the skull, its course was, however, so inconspicuous that with the exception of one it was found only on operation. Although the clinical symptoms in all patients suggested that a posttraumatic intracranial complication is involved, CT helped to establish the correct diagnosis. All four patients are alive, three without an obvious neurological deficit, one suffers from mild hemiparesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Results of treatment of infantile hydrocephalus (a group of 64 children)].

The authors present a report on 64 children operated between January 1, 1982 and December 31, 1986 on account of infantile hydrocephalus. As the primary operation in the great majority of children ventriculo-atrial drainage with a valve according to Spitz- Holter (60 times) was indicated, in exceptional cases ventriculo-mastoidostomy according to Nosik without a valve (four times). Thirty-eight patients (59%) had to be re-operated, some repeatedly on account of different disorders of the system. Most frequently the valve failed (22 times). Forty-four children (62.6%) of the group survive. Twenty-four (37.6%) thrive, sixteen are retarded as regards psychomotor development (25%), thirteen died (20.3%), eleven did not attend examination (17.1%).

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
PubMed1990

[The technique of experimental procedures on the floor of the fourth cerebral ventricle of rabbits].

The technique of experimental operative procedures in the distal area of the brain stem in the reach of the fourth brain ventricle is described in rabbits. The experiments were carried out in 25 rabbits (breed great-chinchilla, body-weight 4.5 to 5.25 kg) of both sexes. All manipulations were performed in general anesthesia. The best methods for endotracheal intubation of the rabbit and for the surgical technique in the floor of the fourth ventricle were searched.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1990

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma.

The authors presented a 61-year-old patient after the spontaneous epidural hemorrhage in the spinal canal. Her state has improved after the surgical intervention. The authors attach call attention to the atypic clinical course of this disorders. Because paraclinical diagnostic is not complicated, the effective surgical aid immediately after the origin of the motility disorders may mean the significant rescue of the patient's health.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Two-dimensional ultrasonographic examination through postoperative defects in skull.

The authors describe the advantages of two-dimensional ultrasound examination in patient with skull defects of various origin. It is better to use ultrasound transducer with high frequencies, which have higher discerning capability to distinguish fine anatomic details. In comparison to CT the two-dimensional echoencephalography is harmless for the patient, it enables the monitoring of intracranial situation through an "acoustic window" and examination in several planes.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1990

[Laminotomy and reconstruction of the spinal canal in an experiment].

Surgical access into the spinal canal allowing reconstruction of the axis of the body is reported. The technique of laminotomy was first tested on 5 dogs which were to be involved in other experiments. Healing of the spinal column and overall outcome were followed up on further 4 dogs surviving three months after the procedure. The operation, carried out in general anesthesia induced by IV administration of thiopental (SPOFA), proved to be relatively simple in all the 9 dogs, weighing 10-24 kg. Plain radiologic, perimyelographic, as well as histologic examinations performed in 4 dogs after three-month survival showed virtually perfect healing of the reconstructed spinal canal and no stenosis at the site of the procedure.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Problems of hemorrhage in the cerebellum].

The authors give an account on their experience with the treatment of five patients (three women and two men) with non-traumatic haemorrhage into the cerebellum. The oldest patient was 67 years, the youngest 14 years, the mean age was 51.2 years. In four the cause of haemorrhage was hypertension, in one patient an A-V malformation. The correct diagnosis was established by CT examination, while originally it was assumed that a supratentorial cerebrovascular attack was involved. One female patient recovered after conservative treatment, in the remainder the haematoma was removed by suboccipital craniectomy. One patient died, the fourteen-year-old female patient which was admitted with symptoms of decerebration, survives with a marked neurological deficit, three patients feel well. In one instance hydrocephalus developed which was treated by ventriculo-peritoneal drainage with a valve.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Comparison of ultrasonic and computer tomography examinations of the intracranial space in early childhood].

Comparison of ultrasound (US) and computer tomography (CT) examinations of intracranial pathology in early childhood yielded results speaking in favor of CT examination both in the light of overall precision and completeness of the information provided. The distress involved in the examination of generally seriously threatened children (anesthesia, radiation, transport) on the other hand, advocates US examination as the method of choice, particularly due to its noninvasiveness, the possibility to follow up the dynamics of the process in a series of examinations, its cost effectivity, mobility, threedimensional imaging ability, as well as the possibility to assess conditions that can be affected by treatment in early childhood.

Brain↗