[A case of diabetes mellitus in an African infant].
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Bronchiolitis↗
Biomedical subjects
M Sarr
Publications and source records attributed to M Sarr.
[Supervision of body composition and cardiovascular parameters in long sprint running athletes (400 m)].
INTRODUCTION: The follow-up of performances and the prevention about possible incidents at the athletes make necessary the medical supervision in physical training. The aims of this study are to estimate the effect of a precompetition training program in athletes' body composition, and cardiovascular modifications (in clinical examination and electrocardiogram) MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten athletes (3 men and 7 women; mean age of 23.6 +/- 3.16 years) of Dakar international Athletics' Center are subjected to a training on a period of 2 months in aerobic dominant followed by a period of 3 months in anaerobic dominant. At the beginning and the end of training program, an electrocardiogram is recorded after blood pressure (BP) measure in lying and standing posture and heart rate (HR) take. The weight, height and cutaneous folds are measured to calculate the body fat percentage, fat body mass, fat-free mass and body mass index. Every athlete has performed the Ruffier test Comparisons are realized by the paired t-test, statistically significant for a p value < 0,05 RESULTS: Significant declines after training interest HR (79.2 +/- 14.7 vs 63.2 +/- 10.25 beat min(-1); p< 0.001), systolic BP in standing posture (11.8 +/- 0.44 vs 10.6 +/- 0.96 mmHg; p= 0.02), and Ruffier index (4.4 +/- 3.28 vs 2.23 +/- 1.62; p= 0.048) whereas the fat-free mass increased (53.14 +/- 8.41 vs 54.16 +/- 9.67 kg; p= 0.046). At the electrocardiogram, the number of athletes having sinusal bradycardia is crossed from 1 to 4; there is no modification as for the two cases of uncomplete right bundle-branch block and the pre-existent left ventricular hypertrophy. Negative T waves in V1 and V2 leads are present in one athlete before training and in two others after. CONCLUSION: The impact of the specific training on body is real, interesting more the cardiovascular system.
Adult↗
Hypoglycaemic and antidiabetic activity of acetonic extract of Vernonia colorata leaves in normoglycaemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
The aqueous extract of Vernonia colorata (Willd.) Drake (Composeae) leaves is used by African traditional medicine practitioners as a remedy for the treatment of diabetes. Our previous studies have shown the hypoglycaemic activity of the aqueous extract of Vernonia colorata leaves (300 mg/kg, per os) in normoglycaemic rats. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypoglycaemic and antidiabetic activity of acetonic and hexanic extracts of the leaves of Vernonia colorata in order to further discriminate the type of extract which provides a better antidiabetic activity. Experiments were performed in normoglycaemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The acetonic extract of the leaves of Vernonia colorata (AELVC) (100 mg/kg, per os) induced a significant decrease of blood glucose in normoglycaemic rats. The glycaemia varied from 4.72+/-0.11 to 3.72+/-0.22 mmol/l (p<0.05, n=5) 3 h after AELVC administration per os. In contrast, the hexanic extract of the leaves of Vernonia colorata (HELVC) increased significantly the glycaemia in normoglycaemic rats. Like glibenclamide, AELVC has an antihyperglycaemic effect in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. These results have shown that: (i) AELVC and HELVC have an opposite effect on basal blood glucose in normoglycaemic rats, suggesting that the mechanisms of action of both above-mentioned extracts are different; (ii) AELVC has also an antidiabetic activity in hyperglycaemic rat models.
Acetone↗
[Epidemiological and clinical aspects of paediatric HIV infections in Albert-Royer Paediatric Hospital (Dakar, Senegal)].
UNLABELLED: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection prevalence rate is estimated at 1.4% in Senegal, and about 3,000 children could be infected. HIV positive children are followed up since 2000 in Albert Royer Hospital (Dakar, Senegal). OBJECTIVES: To describe clinical and epidemiological aspects of HIV paediatric infection, and to evaluate the implementation of high active antiretroviral therapy in HIV positive children in our country. POPULATION AND METHODS: Over a period of three years, the medical reports of 98 infected patients have been collected, 96% with HIV 1 infection. RESULTS: Most of the patients had a maternally transmitted HIV infection (99%). At their enrollment, the median age was 60 months; malnutrition (79%), persistent lymphadenopathy (65%) and skin lesions (64%) were the common clinical manifestations. Thirty-nine percent of the patients were in class C (CDC) and 81% had CD4 cell count< or =25%. Median viral load were 421,852 copies/ml at presentation. Seven infants had a rapid progressive disease with encephalopathy. Thirty-six patients received high active antiretroviral therapy with high observance and good tolerance. CONCLUSION: This study allowed to define clinical and biological profile of paediatric HIV infection in our country and to update the implementation of high active antiretroviral therapy.
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active↗
[Risk behavior associated with the manipulation of dental amalgam in Senegal].
Dental amalgam is a combination of mercury, silver, tin and copper used in the treatment of the dental decays. Amalgam is used in dentistry since many years. Actually a large discussion held according to environmental pollution and risk of intoxication for the patient and the dentist himself. The aim of our survey concerning 103 dentists was to determine the quantity of mercury used in a year, to see the risks linked with the equipment and the manipulation of amalgam and to study the incoming of the trashes of amalgam. Our results showed that among the dentists: 44.66% used 250 to 500 g of mercury by year, 14.56% used their hands for insertion of amalgam in the cavities, 10.68% used their hands for condensation of amalgam in the cavities, 87.38% throw their amalgam on the trash.
Dental Amalgam↗
[Physical performance and thermoregulatory study of subjects with sickle cell trait during a sub-maximal exercise].
The sickle cell trait is a genetic abnormality of red blood cells. It is due to the mutation of a parental gene, which rest Its to the substitution of glutamic acid by valin on beta globin chain of haemoglobin. The possibility for sickle cell trait carriers (SCT) to present any disturbance during predominantly anaerobic and aerobic exercises is unclear. Ten (10) subjects with sickle cell trait and 10 subjects control were studied during exercise test on cycloergometer. They were all students of the National Institute of Popular Education and Sport of Dakar. The mean of environmental temperature was 26 degrees C and humidity was 60 to 80%. After haematological analysis, a submaximal muscular exercise for one hour with 75% of maximal heart rate was done. We have determined heart rate, blood pressure, rectal and skin temperature during exercise. Haematological parameters shown any significant difference between the two groups. No significant difference was found in cardiocirculatory variables during maximal exercise in cycloergometer between control group and sickle cell trait group. The two groups have done submaximal exercise during 1 hour without particular difficulty. We have not observed a significant difference between the two groups in cardiovascular variables, rectal and skin temperature during exercise, and after 3 minutes of rest. These results show that subjects with SCT have physical capacity comparable with control subjects during a sub maximal exercise for 1 hour. We can assure that subjects with SCT in our country may participate in sports competition, as well as normal subjects (HbAA).
Blood Pressure↗
[Prevalence and etiologic factors of non-carious cervical lesions. A study in a Senegalese population].
The non carious cervical lesion (NCCL) is a loss of tooth tissue at the neck of affected teeth that is unrelated to tooth decay. They are commonly encountered in clinical practice and present in a variety of forms. The purpose of this paper is to determine the prevalence of the NCCL in a Senegalese population. From 655 patients, 112 with cervical lesions were identified i.e. a global prevalence of 17.10%. The prevalence rate for abrasion was reported to be 77.70%, 12.50% for abfraction and 9.80% for erosion. Etiological factors were studied for abrasion and erosion. 54% of the patients with abrasion used their toothbrush horizontally. For erosion, only external factors were identified: consumption of acidic drinks (9 patients) or alcohol (1 patient) and professional environment (1 patient). Dentists should consider these lesions in their daily practice.
Adolescent↗
[Active rheumatic heart disease: findings from an 17-case series in the University Hospital Center of Dakar, Senegal].
This report is based on retrospective review of the charts of 18 patients with pre-existing active rheumatic heart disease compiled over a period of two years (January 2000 to December 2001). The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of acute degenerative joint disease, to describe the clinical features and natural course of the disease, and to highlight the main points in the fight against degenerative joint disease and rheumatic heart disease. The prevalence of active rheumatic disease was 3.7%. Mean patient age was 15.5 years (range: 8 to 25 years). Female sex was predominant with 13 girls and 4 boys (sex ratio: 3.25). The most common clinical symptoms were migratory polyarthritis involving large joints in 14 cases (82.3%) and left heart insufficiency in 13 (76.4%). Additional clinical findings included oscillating fever in 8 cases (47.05%), tooth decay in 11 (73.3%), and poor buccodental hygiene in 14 (93.3%). Blood tests to evaluate inflammation demonstrated high values in all patients with mean ASLO titer of 950 UI/l, mean serum fibrin level of 7.8 g/l, and mean C-reactive protein level of 28.5 mg/l. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was high in 15 cases (88.2%). In addition to showing heart valve disease, electrocardiography demonstrated first-degree atrioventricular block in 1 case. Chest x-ray revealed cardiomegaly in 15 cases (88.2%). Doppler ultrasonography of the heart showed isolated rheumatoid disease in 11 cases (64.7%). All patients responded favourably to treatment with corticosteroids and penicillin. The incidence of recurrence of active disease was high (70.5%) thus supporting use of high loading doses. Rheumatic heart disease is a public health problem in Africa and requires appropriate preventive measures.
Adolescent↗
[Contribution to the study of the congenital anomalies at the Albert-Royer paediatric hospital of Dakar].
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Abnormalities, Multiple↗
[Electrocardiographic recording of long duration (Holter) of 24 hours during idiopathic cardiomyopathy of the peripartum].
The idiopathic myocardiopathy of the peripartum (IMPP) is a frequent disease in the Soudano-Sahelian zone of Africa whose evolution is loaded with many complications hemodynamic, thrombo-embolic and rhythmic. The prevalence and the meaning of the rhythm disorders are unknown. The aims of this prospective study are to measure and to describe the prevalence of the anomalies observed in Holter ECG of 24 hours. It's about a description cross-sectional study realized at the Cardiology Department (CHU Dakar) and 19 patients with IMPP were included, from October 2000 to July 2002. A recording ECG of 24 hours (Holter) was realized on all the patients. The average age was 29.4+/-6.9 years with a low socio-economic level (100%). The diagnosis of IMPP done before childbirth in 4 cases (21%) and the post partum on 15 patients (78.9%). The dyspnea was constant, the chest pain in 12 cases (63.1%) and palpitations in 8 cases (42%). The average rate of hemoglobin was of 10.85+/-2.05 g/dL. The standard electrocardiogram recorded a sinusal tachycardia (68.4%), a cavitary hypertrophy (78.8%), and disorders of the repolarization (47.3%). The cardiac echo-Doppler noted a cavitary dilatation (84.2%), a constant alteration of the left ventricular systolic function with a fraction of average ejection of 29.7+/-10.3%. The anatomy of the valves was normal. The recording Holter ECG of 24 hours recorded a sinusal tachycardia in 17 cases (89.4%), ventricular extrasystoles on 7 patients (36.8%), 4 cases of ventricular tachycardia non-sustained and double ventricular extrasystole on 1 patient, auricular extrasystoles in 4 cases (21%) and 1 case of auriculo-ventricular block of the first degree. The study of heart rate variability founded a mean value of 106 ms.
Adult↗
[Apical foramen position on mesio buccal root of the maxillary first molar. Study in Senegalese population].
The maxillary first molar is submitted to frequent endodontic treatment and more over, it presents the highest failure rates, often in relation with his mesio-buccal root. Several studies about failures factors showed implication of root canal anatomy often in relation with the frequency of second canal. However, other failures factors, as the foramen situation, which is very important in endodontic practice, could increase the failure rate. The aim of this study was to determine the foramen situation in Senegalese people. The results showed 63.85% of excentric foramina (83 out of 130). 86% of excentric foramina were located at 1.5mm radiology apex.
Adolescent↗
[Antidiabetic activity of the leaves of Vemonia colorata (Wilid.) Drake (Composees) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats].
Vemonia colorata is distributed through Africa (Benin, Cameroon, Senegal, Togo etc...). Its leaves are commonly used by african tradipractitioners for treating diabetes. However, the antidiabetic activity of the leaves of V. colorata had never been investigated in experimental conditions. The present study aimed to test the aqueous extract of the leaves of V. colorata for its effects in normoglycaemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats in comparison to glibenclamide antidiabetic activity. Such glibenclamide, the aqueous extract of V. colorata (300 mg/kg, per os) induced a significant hypoglycaemic effect in normoglycaemic rats. The blood glucose varied from 0.77 +/- 0.01 to 0.58 +/- 0.01 g/l (p < 0.05, n = 5). It also reduced significantly the fasting glucose level of the hyperglycaemic rats induced with oral administration of glucose (4 g/kg). In alloxan-induced diabetic rats, glibenclamide (0.2 mg/kg, per os) lowered significantly the blood glucose from 2.40 +/- 0.30 to 0.70 +/- 0.40 g/l (p < 0.05, n = 5). As well as glibenclamide, the aqueous extract of V. colorata (300 mg/kg, per os) decreased the blood glucose in alloxanic rats from 2.80 +/- 0.10 to 1.00 +/- 0.20 g/l (p < 0.05, n = 5). The aqueous extract of the leaves of V. colorata possesses both hypoglycaemic and antidiabetic effect in normoglycaemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. This may indicate the ethnopharmacological basis of the use of V. colorata leaves in traditional medicine for treating diabetes.
Administration, Oral↗
[Tricuspid valve stenosis. A prospective study of 35 cases].
Authors report the results of prospective and longitudinal study. The aims of this study were to evaluate among 35 patients, prevalence, diagnosis and treatment aspects of tricuspid stenosis (TS), as well as evolution and pronostical factors. The prevalence of TS was about 4.2%. The main clinical signs were: dyspnoea (94.2%), jugular veinus pulses (42.8%), superior cave syndrom (68.8%), diastolic rumble (74.3%). ECG showed sinus rhythm (51.4%), a right atrial hypertrophy (48.5%). Echocardiography showed tricuspid leaflets thickened (82.8%), a right atrial hypertrophy (48.5%), a mean gradient between right atrial and right ventricle: 8.6 +/- 3.14 mmHg (65.7%) and mean tricuspid area about 1.41 +/- 0.83 cm2 (continuous equation); about 1.74 +/- 1.29 cm2 (Hatle formula) and 1.11 0.84 cm2 (simplified Hatle formula). Aetiology was only rheumatic fever. After a follow-up of 8.53 +/- 6.06 months, the mortality rate was 28.5%. Complications were irreducible heart failure (24 cases), liver failure (2 cases) and stroke (3 cases). Factors associated with mortality were: severity of tricuspid stenosis and pulmonary hypertension, importance of dyspnea and heart failure (p < 0.041).
Adolescent↗
[Hepatitis B infection in infantile population of Sénégal].
Hepatitis B is endemic in Senegal. According to many data, the prevalence of this infection in adult population is up 85%. Young children are victims of the intensive circulation of this virus. Indeed, the risk of becoming chronic carrier which can further lead to Hepatocellular Carcinoma, is related to the age at which the infection had been contracted. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of HBV markers in children less than 5 years living in two regions of Senegal: Dakar and Thies. Using specific Elisa methods, HBV markers were determined in 2962 sera of newborns and children: AgHBs, antiHBc, antiHBs for all children; AgHBe and IgM antiHBc for AgHBs carriers. HBV markers were detected in 59.38% of sera; in 39.26% of the samples only one marker was detected: AgHBs (3.18%), antiHBc (36.08%), antiHBs (0.49%). In 20.12% of samples, markers were associated. So, the global prevalence of the infection is 59.38% with the predominance of chronic forms compared to acute one. The rate of chronic carriage is independent of the sex but is influenced by age and geographic area. The post- infection immunization rate is 7.11%. In Senegal Hepatitis B is contracted at the early childhood. The high prevalence of this infection in children under five years emphasize the need for a spread vaccination in this age bracket, since we well know that the risk for them to become chronic carriers is high.
Age of Onset↗
[Prevalence of non carious dental lesions in the department of Dakar].
Non carious dental lesions are destructions of dental external surfaces originating from non bacterial cause in opposition to dental caries. We distinguish 5 types of non carious dental lesions: attrition, abrasion, abfraction, erosion and demastication. These lesions may be pathological or physiological. Data dealing with them are not very numerous in the literature. Their study shows a real interest in conservative dentistry because of problems both aesthetic and functional they set We carried out an epidemiological trial in the department of Dakar with as aim providing data on the prevalence of these lesions. Our results have disclosed the following rates of prevalence: 60% of attrition, 25,55% of abrasion, 7,22% of abfraction, 5,55% of demastication and 1,68% of erosion. The results indicate once more the importance of the need for clinical evaluation of those dental lesions.
Female↗
[Current aspects of tuberculosis in Dakar pediatric area].
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Child↗
[Management of children with sickle cell disease in Africa: experience in a cohort of children at the Royal Albert Hospital in Dakar].
Management of major sickle hemoglobinopathies in industrialized countries has improved significantly over the last few years thanks to strict application of the preventive and curative measures developed as a result of a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. However patients in Africa have benefited little from progress in the field due to the lack of human and physical resources in sharp contrast with the high prevalence of the disease. The purpose of this study was to analyze problems involved in management of childhood sickle cell disease in Africa based on our experience in a cohort of 556 cases treated over a period of 12 years. The main problems were the same as those encountered in other black African nations, i.e., delayed diagnosis due to a lack of routine neonatal diagnostic screening, difficulty implementing anti-infectious prophylaxis due not only to the high cost of recommended vaccinations not covered by the Expanded Program on Immunization but also to poor compliance with antiobioprophylaxis, and insufficient transfusion facilities hindering application of long-term transfusion protocols when indicated. In addition the high prevalence of digestive-tract parasitosis and malaria raise the need to combine standard preventive measures with routine parasiticidal treatment and malarial prophylaxis adapted to each geographical area. The high frequency of associated iron deficiency requires systematic laboratory testing to identify and treat resulting manifestations during follow-up. An important prerequisite for widespread implementation of appropriate preventive and curative measures in Africa is recognition of sickle cell disease as a priority in public health care policy.
Adolescent↗
[The athlete's heart: an echocardiographic case-control study on Senegalese athletes].
The aim of this work is to study the echocardiographic parameters of male trained athletes. It is about a case-control study comparing 3 groups: basketball players, cyclists and not sports healthy subjects. All the subjects benefited from an echocardiography (time motion, two-dimensional and pulse Doppler). The mean age is of 23.5 years for the cyclists group, 24 years for the basketball players and of 26.2 years for the control group. Compared with the control group, the left ventricular telediastolic dimensions, left ventricular mass index and the pulmonary flow velocity are higher in athletes group. The basketball players have a higher left ventricular diameter and parameter of systolic function than cyclists group. The septal diameter is higher in the cyclists group. This study finds some differencies in Senegalese athletes in the characteristics of the standard athletic heart syndrome.
Adult↗