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Biomedical subjects

M Schadler

Publications and source records attributed to M Schadler.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Austrian report on longitudinal outcome in phenylketonuria.

Forty years after Horst Bickel first treated a patient suffering from phenylketonuria (PKU) our aim is to assess the current treatment of Austrian patients. A total of 70 children -60 with PKU and 10 with hyperphenylalaninaemia (HPA)-aged 6-16 years were investigated in terms of somatic and intellectual parameters. Their development is normal (PKU: mean IQ = 95.40; HPA: mean IQ = 101.85) owing to strict dietary control, above all during their first 6 years of life. A comparison of the IQ data of 17 PKU children and their healthy siblings at the age 6 years showed significant correlations in verbal, performance and IQ measurements. Austrian PKU patients do achieve normal IQ values but these measurements fail to guarantee the quality of dietary control. IQ is influenced by a number of variables: genetic, social environment, education and furtherance, motivation for performance, etc., and, in PKU patients, dietary control. The only currently known way of maintaining and improving dietary compliance in PKU patients and their families remains good informative counselling about the disease and psychosocial support.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Elderly adults' perception of their own cognitive development during the adult years.

Individuals between the ages of sixty-five and seventy-five were asked a number of questions regarding which of their cognitive abilities they think have changed with age and, further, what factors they think are responsible for such age changes. Questions were asked in two areas of cognitive functioning--memory and problem solving. With respect to memory, the reports of the elderly adults corresponded well with the results of memory research, which indicates that most memory abilities tend to decrease with increasing age. The elderly adults suggested that activity level, amount of contact with the information to be remembered, practice remembering, the perceived importance of the information to be remembered, and expectations regarding changes in memory are all factors that may contribute to age changes in memory. With respect to problem solving, on the other hand, the reports of the elderly did not correspond with the research. Research indicates that such abilities probably decline with increasing age while the elderly reported that they think that their problem-solving abilities have actually increased with age. Factors that were mentioned as possible causes of the reported increases in problem-solving ability were experience, good health, and taking more time to solve a problem.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

The development of strategy use in a spatial task.

The ability of kindergarten, first grade, and third grade boys and girls to use a mnemonic strategy in a spatial task was investigated. Children (N = 90) were asked to replicate a model zoo. Use of an organizational strategy based on an object frame f reference was either required of the child, suggested, or not mentioned on the first trial. A second trial was conducted inwhich no strategy information was given. Analysis of the number of incorrect placements of model items indicated that the instruction had the greatest effect on the performance of the kindergarten children. Strategy instructions were also beneficial in reducing the time the children used to place items in the model but had no consistent effect on the amount of time the children used to examine the prototype.

Child↗