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Biomedical subjects

M Schlienger

Publications and source records attributed to M Schlienger.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Results of radiation treatment of medulloblastoma in adults.

From 1961 to 1982, 20 adults (greater than 16 years of age) were treated with radiation therapy following surgery for medulloblastoma. All patients received neuro-axis irradiation. Five patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. A 5- and 10-year survival rate of 78 and 55%, respectively, were achieved. Treatment failures were mainly a result of local recurrences, but also of metastases. One patient died of acute myeloid leukemia. One patient developed paraplegia. The survival rate was better in males (2 deaths out of 14) than in females (5 deaths out of 6). All the survivors are free of deficit or sequelae, except the patient with paraplegia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Invasive carcinoma of the thymus. A multicenter retrospective review of 56 cases.

This multicenter retrospective study included 56 cases of histologically reviewed invasive epithelial thymic tumors. All these patients underwent surgical treatment or exploration and were referred for complementary radiotherapy. The majority received a dose higher than 4000 rad. Twenty-three out of 50 patients (46%) with incomplete resection received some chemotherapy. The local recurrence rate at 2 yr was 34%. The overall 5-yr actuarial survival was 46%. There was no evidence of any relationship between radiation dose and local control. No difference in survival was observed with or without chemotherapy, nor according to histological type or lymphocytic infiltration, except cases with very undifferentiated carcinomas which presented a worse prognosis. Nor was any difference in survival observed between patients benefiting from incomplete resection and those only having undergone exploratory thoracotomy and biopsy. Radiotherapy seems to decrease the rate of local recurrence in invasive carcinoma of the thymus. The role of chemotherapy is still debatable, but it could have a role in decreasing tumor volume before radiotherapy. This study has shown the necessity of histological review by a panel of histopathologists in an attempt to better define terminology and diagnosis. A prospective study is necessary in order to solve the problems of concepts and management in epithelial thymic tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Adrenocorticotropic hormone in the prevention of cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting.

A double-blind trial to evaluate the antiemetic effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in patients treated with cisplatin was performed. Thirty-seven adults with advanced cancer who were treated with cisplatin were randomly assigned to receive either synthetic long-acting ACTH (1 mg IM given 24 hours, 12 hours, and immediately preceding the administration of cisplatin) or a placebo given under the same conditions. All of the patients received chlorpromazine (50 mg IM) 30 minutes before cisplatin infusion. Patients receiving ACTH and chlorpromazine had significantly fewer episodes of vomiting (p less than 0.01) and shorter periods of nausea (p less than 0.02) than patients receiving placebo and chlorpromazine. Patients receiving ACTH and chlorpromazine were significantly more comfortable than patients receiving placebo and chlorpromazine. No important side effects were observed. ACTH may be an effective agent in preventing nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1983

[Cardiac complications of radiotherapy].

Radiotherapy is an effective tool in the treatment of thoracic cancers. However, radiotherapy also carries a risk of severe cardiac complications. The cancers most commonly concerned are Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (90 per cent of cases), breast cancers, especially on the left side (4 per cent) and bronchogenic cancers (2 per cent). Ionizing radiation can damage the three layers of the heart and the coronary arteries. Pericardial involvement is the most frequent, occurring in 10 to 12 per cent of cases. It generally occurs 6 to 18 months after the radiotherapy and may present either acutely (35 per cent of cases) or chronically (65 per cent of cases). It is often latent, only detected on X-rays or on ultrasound. Constrictive forms can occur, which require pericardiectomy. Myocardial fibrosis, which is anatomically common, may present as disturbances of repolarization, arrhythmia or disturbances of conduction, or even cardiac failure. Rarely, radiation damage of the coronary arteries can cause angina or myocardial infarction. These cases can benefit from coronary artery by-pass grafts. All of these lesions have a common anatomical denominator:fibrosis, which develops progressively following the radiotherapy. It has now been demonstrated that the incidence of cardiac radiation lesions can be reduced by homogeneous distribution of the dose of radiation administered to the mediastinum, by treating each side alternately, by fractionating the radiation and staggering the sessions and by reducing the cardiac mass which is irradiated.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Current experience of stereotaxic irradiations in the treatment of hemispheric gliomas (author's transl)].

Authors present a short review of the techniques and results of the stereotactic focal irradiations (S.I.) used at present in France for the treatment of small "active" gliomas localized in high risk areas (functional and vital) of the brain. These techniques include the temporary interstitial implantation of 192Ir wires, possibly associated with external irradiation and the treatment of active glioma cysts by intracystic injection of colloidal beta emitters such as 90Y and 186Re. The risk of immediate (surgical) and late (radiation) functional loss is low and the overall results at 3 years are satisfactory in particular with small well delimited astrocytomas. Such treatments can be associated to surgical reduction of the tumor volume or to other forms of irradiation according to the data of stereotactic localization studies including biopsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Recurrences of malignant astrocytomas (III-IV) and glioblastomas. Therapeutic approach (author's transl)].

The therapeutic problems raised by recurrences are different from those which apply to the initial malignant glioma. Firstly, the histological diagnosis is known (by excision or biopsy) and secondly the clinical period which has elapsed before the recurrence represents a factor in the assessment of progression and/or malignancy. The management of treatment must take into account various parameters of an anatomical and clinical nature, but although those relating the various forms of treatment used already. Although the methods used are the same: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, the strategy will differ according to indications of final recourse or reoperation will be discussed after initial surgery followed by radiotherapy, irradiation in those cases in which radiotherapy has not already been used and chemotherapy, Corticosteroids are also widely employed. Whilst such palliative treatment has the merit of ensuring prolongation of survival, the principal aims must be concerned with the quality and conditions of this survival.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1977

[Concentrated irradiation of malignant astrocytoma and glioblastoma].

Since 1965, 118 glioblastoma and 18 malignant astrocytomas of the adult have been treated by concentrated irradiation after a more or less complete surgical excision of the tumor. Three types of irradiation have been used; at present 3 600 rads whole brain irradiation are delivered in 2 series of 1 800 rads over 3 days 20 to 30 spaced a part. All patients receive ACTH and the tolerance has been excellent. The results of this rapid palliative therapy are quite comparable to those of more classical irradiation. Because of the very short survival of these patients, it would appear advantageous to treat them in as short a time interval as possible.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1977

Whole cutaneous irradiation in mycosis fungoides with 55KV x-rays. Technical study.

The authors describe a technique for a whole cutaneous superficial irradiation of mycosis fungoides by means of a fixed 55 KV X-Rays generator and a moving couche. Results of the dosimetric study are compared with thoses obtained with Lithium fluoride. Since 1964, twenty five patients have been treated. The results appear to be equivalent to those obtained with electrons. The technical problems of each methods are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

[Results of concentrated irridiation in glioblastomas, astrocytomas and brain tumours of the adult (author's transl)].

Concentrated irradiation (two series of 1,800 rads in 2 sessions and 3 days) separated by a rest period of 3 to 4 weeks has been used to treat 214 adult patients with brain tumors between 1965 and 1972. These included 108 glioblastomas, 18 astrocytomas and 88 brain metastases from different origins. Early side effects are moderate or inexistent provided synthetic ACTH or corticoid steroids have been given several days before irradiation. Survival is related, at least, in the first 2 groups of primary tumor to local failure. For brain metastases, death could be related to others reasons. In spite of the fact that comparison is made with a previous series of 121 cases it seems that this type of irradiation gives the same survival rates. Moreover it has specific advantages as reducing duration of hospitalization and the number of treatment sessions.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomata of upper digestive and respiratory tract: natural history and results of radiotherapy.

A total of 218 non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomata of the upper digestive and respiratory tract are reported. 72% had Waldeyer's ring involvement and 22% had paranasal sinus involvement. Ilio-lumbar lymphography was performed in 98 cases: 33 lymphograms were abnormal. In 152 Stage I and II patients, loco-regional irradiation gave 129 remissions. Among these patients, 66 suffered a relapse, most of them during the first year after treatment. Primary relapse analysis revealed 18 true recurrences, 10 nodal extensions and 38 extranodal disseminations. The median survival is 14 months for all stages; the survival rate at 5 years is 38% for Stages I and II for patients treated by 60Co alone. No statistical significance in prognosis has been found for age, sex, size of primary tumour, involvement of upper or lower nodes in the neck, histological type nor between Stage I and Stage II. Lymphography and x-ray gastrointestinal examination must be performed routinely before treatment in order to stage patients correctly.

Adolescent↗