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M Sell

Publications and source records attributed to M Sell.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

One-year follow-up of 273 infants with birth weights of 700 to 1100 grams after prophylactic treatment of respiratory distress syndrome with synthetic surfactant or air placebo. American Exosurf Neonatal Study Group I.

A single dose of synthetic surfactant was administered prophylactically to premature neonates with birth weights between 700 and 1100 gm. The effects of this treatment on neurodevelopmental, neurologic, and ophthalmologic outcomes, impairments, and general health status were examined during a follow-up evaluation at 1-year adjusted age. The study was a multicenter, parallel, randomized, double-blind comparison of 446 infants who received either air placebo (n = 222) or synthetic surfactant (n = 224). Follow-up evaluations were completed for 82% of surviving infants in both treatment groups. Neurodevelopmental outcome and growth were equivalent in the infants treated with synthetic surfactant and in the infants given air placebo. Impairments occurred in 38% of the infants treated with air placebo compared with 31% of those given synthetic surfactant; the difference was not statistically significant (relative risk 0.809, 95% confidence interval 0.585, 1.119). The incidence of asthma was significantly higher in the group of infants given air placebo (4% vs 10% for surfactant and air placebo, respectively, relative risk 0.391, 95% confidence intervals 0.157, 0.972). Other outcomes, including retinopathy of prematurity, hospital readmissions, surgery, and evidence of chronic lung disease, were not different. Administration of a single prophylactic dose of synthetic surfactant increases survival in infants with birth weights between 700 and 110 gm without increasing the number or proportion of impaired survivors.

Air↗
PubMed1995

The neuropathology and epidemiology of AIDS. A Berlin experience. A review of 200 cases.

The brains of 200 patients who died with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) from Berlin were examined retrospectively. This study was specifically intended to evaluate and document the prevalence of neuropathologic abnormalities, establishing the frequency of the various types of structural lesions, their combinations, their relative incidence, and the risk factors involved in different age groups. The data were compared and contrasted with the findings reported from other parts of the world and other German cities. It was found that the mean age of this group of patients was 41.4 years old, 75% were homosexual/bisexuals (H/B) and 18.5% were drug abusers (DA). Only 5.5% were women. Brain parenchymal changes, called in this report, HIV-related encephalopathy (HIVRE), characterized by vacuolization or spongy changes and astrocytosis in the subcortical white matter, and occasionally in gray matter, were found in 67 patients (33.5%). Drug abusers had a higher incidence of HIVRE (59.5%) compared with homosexual/bisexuals (28%). This is statistically significant (p < 0.0005). CMV encephalitis was found in 26 patients (13%) (8% of the drug abusers in contrast to 13% in the homosexual/bisexuals group). Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) was seen in 28 patients (14%) regardless of the risk factor involved. 20 (13%) of the 150 H/B and 3 (8%) of the 37 DA had CMV encephalitis. Of the 150 H/B, 24 (16%) had PCNSL compared with only 4 of 37 (11%) of the DA. A significant incidence of opportunistic infections, both protozoal and viral was found in all groups. Cerebral toxoplasmosis occurred in 68 patients (34%). Microglial (phagocytic) nodules, probably related to CMV or cerebral Toxoplasmosis, were observed in 40 cases (20%). Diffuse microglial proliferation was noted in 104 patients (52%). Cerebral cryptococcosis was found in three patients. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy was seen in 16 patients (8%). Various combinations of CNS pathological processes were found in 44 of the patients (22%). These include concomitant infections with Toxoplasma gondii and HIVRE in 13 patients; Toxoplasmosis and PCNSL in 8 patients; Toxoplasmosis with CMV and HIVRE in 4 patients; Toxoplasmosis with CMV in 2 patients; Toxoplasmosis with PCNSL and CMV in 2 patients; Toxoplasmosis with PCNSL and HIVRE in 2 patients and Toxoplasmosis with PML and HIVRE in 2 patients; Cerebral CMV with PCNSL and HIVRE in 4 patients; Cerebral CMV with HIVRE in 2 patients; PML with PCNSL in one patient; PML with HIVRE in 2 patients; and PML with PCNSL and HIVRE in one patient. Cerebrovascular lesions were found in 34 patients (17%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1992

Controlled trial of a single dose of synthetic surfactant at birth in premature infants weighing 500 to 699 grams. The American Exosurf Neonatal Study Group I.

In a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at 23 hospitals in the United States, a single prophylactic 5 ml/kg dose of a synthetic surfactant (Exosurf Neonatal) or air placebo was administered shortly after birth to 215 infants with birth weights of 500 to 699 gm. Despite stratification at entry by birth weight and gender, by chance female infants predominated in the air placebo group and male infants predominated in the surfactant group. Among infants receiving synthetic surfactant, improvements in oxygen requirements were significant at 2 hours after birth (p = 0.014) and persisted for 3 days (p = 0.001); improvements in the alveolar-arterial partial pressure of oxygen gradient were significant at 6 hours after birth (p = 0.01) and persisted for 3 days (p = 0.008). Improvements in mean airway pressure were not significant at 2 or at 6 hours after birth (p = 0.622 and 0.083, respectively), but became significant thereafter and persisted for 3 days (p = 0.002). Pneumothorax was reduced by slightly more than half (25 vs 11; p = 0.014); death from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was also reduced (26 vs 15; p = 0.046). Overall neonatal mortality, however, was not significantly reduced (58 vs 46; p = 0.102). Other complications of RDS and prematurity were not altered, except that pulmonary hemorrhage occurred significantly more frequently in infants receiving synthetic surfactant (2 vs 12; p = 0.006). These findings indicate that a single prophylactic dose of synthetic surfactant in infants weighing 500 to 699 gm at birth improves lung function, incidence of air leak, and death from RDS but not overall mortality. The only safety problem identified was an increase in pulmonary hemorrhage.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia↗
PubMed1991

[Immunohistochemical demonstration of extracerebral toxoplasmosis in AIDS].

Tissue slides obtained at autopsy from 80 cases with AIDS were studied immunhistochemically for infection with Toxoplasma gondii. In 35 cases (43.75%) toxoplasmosis could be found: in 22 cases (27.5%) only cerebral, in 9 cases (11.25%) cerebral and extracerebral and in 4 cases (5%) only extracerebral. Necrotizing lesions, due to the parasite could be seen in brain, heart, lungs, pancreas, adrenal glands and testis, only intracellular trophozoites without tissue damage in GIT, liver, lymphnodes, spleen, prostate, kidney and gl. parotis. The trophozoites and pseudocysts could be clearly demonstrated by immunohistochemistry.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute intermittent porphyria--diagnostic difficulties and treatment].

A patient is described in whom acute intermittent porphyria was diagnosed after 6 months of treatment and five stays in hospital during which the cause of her manifestations was not established. Treatment of the patient and principles of treatment of acute attack of intermittent porphyria are described.

Adult↗