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Biomedical subjects

M Shaklai

Publications and source records attributed to M Shaklai.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Effect of physical effort on the white blood cells in benign familial leukopenia.

The components of the peripheral white blood cells (WBC) were determined before and after 10 min of submaximal ergometric work in two groups of subjects: 34 healthy Yemenite Jews with benign familial leukopenia (BFL) and 34 healthy Yemenite Jews without BFL. The mean +/- SEM of the increase in the peripheral WBC following the effort in the control group was 2,606 +/- 1,272 cells/mm3, due to the relative rise in the neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. The identical ergometric work, performed by BFL subjects, brought about significantly lower increase (700 +/- 865 cells/mm3) in the peripheral WBC, the majority of which were lymphocytes. It seems that subjects with this form of BFL lack granulocytes in the marginal pool.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Pre-T cell lineage of hand-mirror cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia was observed in a 64-year-old male patient with 50-80% hand-mirror cells in the peripheral blood and in the bone marrow. Immunologic surface marker tests indicated that the cells were non-T non-B lymphocytes; however, the addition of thymosin (fraction V) to the bone marrow cells induced the capability of mounting a positive local xenogeneic graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR), demonstrating the pre-T-cell lineage of the hand-mirror cells in this patient.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Macrophage migration inhibition assay as a means of detecting lymphocyte sensitization to leukemic myeloblasts in neutropenic patients.

The migration inhibiting factor (MIF) test was performed on 27 patients with chronic neutropenia using acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) blasts and normal lymphocytes as antigens. Eight patients reacted positively to AML blasts, and the natural history of their disease differed from that of the remaining neutropenic patients: two of the eight patients developed AML and one showed evidence of preleukemic changes. Recurrent severe infections were common and one patient in this group developed systemic lupus erythematosus. The MIF test toward AML blasts may be regarded as a warning sign of a preleukemic state among neutropenic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Continuous high-dose intravenous desferrioxamine treatment for iron overload.

We describe a patient with heavy posttransfusion iron overload, to whom continuous high-dose i.v. desferrioxamine was administered shortly before his death. The administration of nearly 500 g of this agent was followed by urinary excretion of 5.4 g of iron. The chelator therapy lost its efficiency in the last of five courses and the patient eventually died as a result of cardiac and hepatic damage related to iron overload. The theoretical and practical implications of these observations are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Life-threatening hypophosphatemia in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia.

A patient with acute myelogenous leukemia developed severe hypophosphatemia manifesting by extreme weakness, confusion, loss of sphincter control, nuchal rigidity, hyperesthesia, hemolysis, congestive heart failure and liver dysfunction. The possible causes for this condition were starvation, parenteral glucose and saline administration, sepsis, hypokalemia and treatment with acetazolamide. A dramatic improvement was noted following phosphate administration.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1980

Circulating anticoagulant and serological tests for syphilis.

Circulating anticoagulant (CA) and particularly lupus anticoagulant are commonly associated with biological false-positive tests for syphilis (BFP-STS) in patients with collagen diseases. CA was presently found in the sera of 8 out of 30 subjects with chronic BFP-STS without collagen or autoimmune diseases. It was not found in any of the 21 patients with various stages of syphilis. In 5 out of 21 elderly subjects (age greater than 70 years) in whom a positive BFP-STS was detected, there was no CA. It is concluded that the association between CA and BFP-STS is found only in patients with collagen and autoimmune diseases and in some of the younger chronic BFP-STS reactors. It is not detected in syphilitic patients or elderly subjects in whom a high incidence of BFP-STS can be found. The difference in the incidence of this association is probably due to the differing biologic behaviour of these autoantibodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A novel stromal cell type in the rat marrow recognizable by its preferential uptake of lanthanum.

A novel stromal cell type is described in the rat bone marrow. It is distinguishable from other stromal cells (macrophages, reticular cells, etc.) by its preferential uptake of the electron dense tracer lanthanum nitrate, which can then serve as a marker for this cell type. In low concentration of lanthanum, this cell type is the only marrow cell that takes up the tracer. Other stromal cells do not take ip up even in high concentration. This novel stromal type is associated with both erythropoietic and granulopoietic areas of the marrow tissue. Its branching cytoplasm is very light in density and contains no characteristic cytoplasmic organelles. Its function is not yet known.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Cytochemical diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic leukemia.

Blood and bone-marrow smears from adult patients with acute leukemias were stained for esterase reaction, consecutively with naphthol AS D-chloracetate (chloracetate esterase) followed by alpha naphthyl butyrate (nonspecific esterase). The two substrates were, respectively, granulocyte- and monocyte-specific. By this method three subgroups of acute nonlymphocytic leukemias could be distinguished. Leukemic cells may be positive for either chloracetate esterase or nonspecific esterases, and the authors believe these two subgroups represent "true" granulocytic and "pure" monocytic leukemias. In a third group, leukemic cells contained both esterases in the same cell, and it is believed this group may represent "true" myelomonocytic leukemias. In the majority of patients in this group, leukemia evolved from a preleukemic phase. When only Romanowsky-stained smears are used, the monocytoid feature and absolute elevated monocyte counts in acute granulocytic leukemia may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of the leukemia as acute myelomonocytic leukemia. This happened in five of the 13 cases in the study. The presence of granulocyte- and monocyte-specific esterases in a single cell supports the concept of a common origin of granulocytes and monocytes. The authors conclude that the combined esterase reaction can distinguish among acute granulocytic leukemia, acute monocytic leukemia, and acute myelomonocytic leukemia.

Bone Marrow Examination↗
PubMed1979

Junctional structures in haemopoiesis: a study of bone marrow using freeze-fracture and lanthanum impregnation techniques.

Intercellular regions of contact in the haemopoietic compartment of normal rat bone marrow were studied using freeze-fracture and lanthanum tracer techniques. Small adhering junctions (like desmosomes and their variants) were found between haemopoietic and stromal cells but tight, gap or septate junctions could not be identified. These findings are in agreement with the concept that extensive junctional structures may be inconsistent with orderly development of this transient cell system, preventing the delivery of mature cells into the circulation and resulting in ineffective haemopoiesis. Occasionally 'pinching off' of a portion of the cytoplasm of erythroid cells by stromal cells was seen, providing a means for intercellular communication. Structures similar to intercellular bridges responsible for direct intercellular communication were also seen.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Absence of tight junctions in endothelium of marrow sinuses: possible significance for marrow cell egress.

The nature of contact between endothelial cells in rat marrow sinuses was studied. Colloidal lanthanum permeated freely into the interendothelial space. Moreover, using freeze-fracture technique, we failed to show junctional structures where these endothelial cells came into contact. With thin sectioning electron microscopy, we observed occasional submembranous densities but the interendothelial distance measured 20 nm and no membrane fusion was seen. Absence of tight junctions between endothelial cells of marrow sinuses may serve a function in marrow cell egress by permitting these cells to slide over each other, thereby changing the luminal size. Within the fixed volume of marrow, an increase in luminal size results in displacement of haemopoietic cells into the lumen.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Prolonged busulfan-induced remissions in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Two prolonged remissions were achieved in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia by two short courses of busulfan treatment. The first remission lasted for 7 years; the second one lasts already 14 years. In the interval periods no treatment was administered.

Busulfan↗