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Biomedical subjects

M Shepherd

Publications and source records attributed to M Shepherd.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Mediastinal lymph node biopsy in sarcoidosis.

Mediastinoscopy, in the skilled hands of a thoracic surgeon has proved to be a safe, cosmetically accepted procedure with negligible complications. It has yielded a high rate of diagnostic lymph node tissue; overall greater than 82% among patients with sarcoidosis, including patients presenting with pulmonary mottling only or with a normal chest radiograph. Among patients with lymphatic tuberculosis it enabled the isolation of human M. tuberculosis following culture of the lymph node removed on Löwenstein-Jensen medium in greater than 79% of cases. A precise histological diagnosis was obtained in all 14 patients presenting with hilar and/or paratracheal lymphadenopathy attributable to malignant disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[The epidemiological approach to depression (author's transl)].

The epidemiological method is indispensable to the clinical investigator, the practising clinician and the public health worker. In the field of mood disorders epidemiological inquiry has been hampered by the subjective nature of the phenomena under study, the problems of assessment and diagnosis, observer bias and the unrepresentative nature of small population samples. Nontheless, it is argued that the difficulties are similar to those encountered elsewhere in medicine and examples are given of epidemiological contributions to an understanding of depression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A comparative controlled trial of pimozide and fluphenazine decanoate in the continuation therapy of schizophrenia.

Evidence from a controlled, comparative trial indicates that oral pimozide is clinically at least as effective as depot injections of fluphenazine decanoate in the continuation therapy of a group of schizophrenic patients discharged from hospital. The administration of pimozide was associated with fewer unwanted effects. The implications of the findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The social outcome of patients in a trial of long-term continuation therapy in schizophrenia: pimozide vs. fluphenazine.

A blind social assessment at home carried out twice during a year's follow-up of 41 patients on continuation therapy, 21 randomly allocated to pimozide tablets and 20 to fluphenazine decanoate injections. Patients on pimozide were significantly more favourably rated on aspects of sociability, use of leisure, warmth of personal relationships, household tasks and child-rearing. The mode of production of this result is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

N-acetyl-p-amino-phenol (paracetamol, acetaminophen) in the treatment of acute schizophrenia.

The hypothesis that schizophrenia is caused by the release of prostaglandin E into the hypothalamus and may sometimes be accompanied by an elevation of temperature was examined by a clinical trial of the prostaglandin E suppressant N-acetyl-p-amino-phenol (paracetamol, acetaminophen). Ten acute schizophrenic patients were included in a double-blind, crossover trial of paracetamol and a placebo, in which each treatment was given for a week. Regular 4-hourly temperatures were recorded in all these cases and in 5 non-schizophrenic patients for comparison. The findings provided no evidence that paracetamol mitigated the symptoms of schizophrenia. The temperatures of the schizophrenics were not elevated more than those of the controls, but the number of cases used was probably too small for this finding to be conclusive.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1977

Increased brain dopamine and reduced glutamic acid decarboxylase and choline acetyl transferase activity in schizophrenia and related psychoses.

Dopamine, glutamic acid decarboxylase (G.A.D.) and choline acetyltransferase (C.A.T.) were measured in four regions of post-mortem brains. 41 patients with the hospital diagnosis of schizophrenia (psychotic group) were compared with a control grout normal in the putamen. G.A.D. activity was significantly reduced in the psychotic group, by about 50% in the nucleus accumbens, amygdala and hippocampus, and by about 30% in the putamen. C.A.T. activity was significantly lower in nucleus accumbens from the psychotic group, but normal in other brain regions. From an assessment of case notes, "schizophrenia" was distinguished from "schizophrenia-like psychosis". The biochemical findings for these subgroups were essentially similar, although C.A.T. activity in nucleus accumbens and hippocampus from the schizophrenic group was significantly lower than in controls. It is of brain are associated with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses, although whether such neurochemical abnormalities are related to the illness or are a consequence of prolonged treatment with neuroleptic drugs remains unclear.

Adult↗