Purification of myelin-associated glycoprotein from calf brain using high-performance liquid chromatography.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Alkalies↗
Biomedical subjects
M Shimamura
Publications and source records attributed to M Shimamura.
Comparison between spino-bulbo-spinal and propriospinal reflexes in thalamic cats during stepping.
To analyze changes in the excitability of both the spinal cord and brainstem in thalamic cats stepping on a moving treadmill, we examined the cutaneous propriospinal (PSR) and spino-bulbo-spinal (SBS) reflex responses in 20 adult cats. Tracheal cannulation, spinal transection at the T10 segment, and decerebration at the stereotaxic A12 level were performed under ether anesthesia. Immediately after decerebration, the ether was withdrawn. The head was fixed in a stereotaxic device, the T2 spinal process clamped to a metal frame, and the lumbar region suspended by a hammock, with bilateral forelimb contact on the floor of a treadmill. Electrical stimulation was applied to the superficial radial nerve with a cuff electrode, and two reflex responses (PSR and SBS) were recorded from the biceps brachii muscle in the same forelimb. Shortly before the appearance of forelimb stepping, both PSR and SBS reflex responses were elevated in amplitude. During forelimb stepping, the amplitudes of PSR and SBS reflex responses fluctuated depending on the phase of the step cycle. The PSR response was enhanced in the early phase of the swing, whereas the SBS response was elevated during a wider period from the beginning of the stance to the middle of the swing. The SBS response was completely absent in the late phase of the swing. This period corresponded to the transfer from flexion to extension and the appearance of the EMG of the triceps brachii muscle of the same forelimb. The fluctuation of the SBS response during stepping may be produced at the brainstem level, and not the spinal cord level, because the PSR response was enhanced only during narrow periods. The generation of locomotion thus seems to result in an enhancement of excitability of reflex pathways in the spinal cord and particularly in the brainstem.
Action Potentials↗
Inhibition of angiogenesis by bleomycin and its copper complex.
The effects of bleomycin (BLM) and its copper complex on embryonic angiogenesis were studied in the chorioallantoic membranes of 4.5-day-old chick embryos. Copper-free BLM inhibited embryonic angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner, with activity detectable at 1 ng/egg and maximal at 1000 ng/egg. Also, treatment with copper-BLM complex dose-dependently caused inhibition of embryonic angiogenesis in a lower dose range. Since tumor growth is believed to depend on angiogenesis, the present results may indicate that the antiangiogenic activity of BLM is, at least in part, implicated in the antitumor activity of the drug.
Animals↗
Effects of amino acids on acute alcohol intoxication in mice--concentrations of ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetate and acetone in blood and tissues.
Condensation reactions between some SH-amino acids (L-and D-cysteine 1%) and acetaldehyde (50 microM) were studied in vitro experiment. In the aqueous solution, free acetaldehyde was reduced to 41.3% by L-cysteine and to 36.4% by D-cysteine. In the reaction with human blood medium, after the medium was deproteinized with perchloric acid reagent, acetaldehyde was reduced to 47.0% by L-cysteine and to 43.8% by D-cysteine. D-Cysteine appears to have great stability of reacting acetaldehyde. In vitro experiment reactability for D-cysteine exhibited 3-8% higher than that for L-cysteine. Next, effects of some amino acids on alcohol metabolism were studied in male ICR mice. The animals were given ethanol through a gastric catheter at a dose of 2 g/kg and they were intraperitoneally injected L-cysteine (300 mg/kg), D-cysteine (300 mg/kg), L-alanine (300 mg/kg) and control (saline), respectively in the period of one hour before the injection of ethanol. Blood and tissues samples were analyzed for ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetate and acetone during alcohol intoxication in mice by head space gas chromatography. In the groups administered D-cysteine and L-cysteine, the mice showed a definitely faster oxidation and disappearance of ethanol. Especially in the D-cysteine group, ethanol levels in blood, liver and brain remained lower than that in the other groups (p less than 0.01). Acetaldehyde levels in blood, liver and brain remained low by L-cysteine. Ethanol metabolites during alcohol oxidation by chemical reactabilities of L- and D-cysteine showed different distribution in the mice, respectively. In the mice received L-alanine, acetate and acetone levels in blood, liver and brain were distinctly reduced (p less than 0.01). L-Alanine is reported to supply an abundance of pyruvic acid that performs the NAD-generating system. NAD produced is introduced to alcohol metabolism and the TCA cycle. It was thus presumed that the L- or/and D-cysteine, and L-alanine was effective in acute alcohol intoxication by heavy drinking.
Acetaldehyde↗
[Clinical observation on renal pelvic and ureteral tumors].
During the 18 years from October, 1971 to September, 1989, 40 patients with renal pelvic and ureteral tumors were treated at our Department of Urology. Thirty were male and 10 female, and were between 44 and 83 years old with a mean age of 65.5 years. Histopathologically, there were 38 transitional cell carcinomas and 2 squamous cell carcinomas. There was a positive correlation between grade and stage of tumor. Among the patients with transitional cell carcinoma, the five-year survival rate was 54.4% for all the patients, 57.1% for patients with renal pelvic tumors and 48.4% for those with ureteral tumors respectively, as measured by the Kaplan-Meier's method. Stage and intravascular invasion of the tumor were the most influential factors for prognosis. There was no evidence in this series to show the usefulness of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, such as bladder instillation or peroral administration of various anti-tumor drugs, as a prophylactic use for recurrence of the bladder tumor in low stage cases.
Adult↗
Medroxyprogesterone acetate, an anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic steroid, inhibits the plasminogen activator in bovine endothelial cells.
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is an anti-cancer drug for mammary carcinomas and an angiostatic steroid. The effects of MPA on the growth and plasminogen activator (PA) activity of bovine endothelial cells were investigated to elucidate the inhibitory mechanism observed in angiogenesis. MPA did not suppress the growth of capillary endothelial cells, even at high concentrations. On the other hand, in bovine endothelial cells of 3 types (adrenal cortical capillary, aortic and pulmonary artery endothelial cells), MPA inhibited extracellular and cell-associated activity of PA, which might be a protease involved in the neovascular response. MPA also greatly inhibited the high level of PA induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF). The same result was obtained when PA production was induced by 4 beta-phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) in endothelial cells. These findings suggest that one of the points of inhibitory action of MPA in the process of angiogenesis may be the suppression of PA activity, and that inhibition of this protease might be useful for reduction of tumorigenic or excessive angiogenesis in vivo.
Animals↗
The midbrain reticular formation as an integration center for the 'near reflex' in the cat.
This report describes an experimental study on the localization of converging organization of the near-reflex triad in the chloralose-anesthetized encéphale-isolé cat, in which electromyographic (EMG) recordings were used to elicit responses from the intrinsic and extrinsic eye muscles. Electrical stimulation to several subdivisional areas in the oculomotor nuclear complex evoked EMGs in both the iris sphincter and ciliary muscles. Conduction time from the caudal Edinger-Westphal nucleus to the postganglionic ciliary nerve was about 1.8 ms, whereas that to the iris sphincter muscle was about 6.5 ms. Conduction time from the anteromedian nucleus to the muscle was about 4.5 ms; however, that from the postganglionic short ciliary nerve to the muscle was about 6.7 ms. A direct pathway without synapse in the ciliary ganglion is suggested. Excitatory responses were elicited in the effectors of the near-reflex triad by electrical stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation of the dorsomedial division adjacent to the magnocellular red nucleus (MRFdmMRN). Converging movements in electro-oculography (EOG) were also observed. Conduction time from the MRF to the iris sphincter muscle was about 5.6 ms, whereas that to the postganglionic short ciliary nerve was 5.1 ms. The neural connection between the MRF and the muscle is thought to be mediated by the anteromedian subnucleus. Electrical stimulation of the posteromedial division of the Clare-Bishop (C-B) area evoked a discharge on the MRF and EMGs of all effectors of the triad. The sum of the conduction time from the C-B area to the MRF and that from the MRF to EMGs corresponds well to the latency of EMGs evoked by C-B area stimulation. We conclude that the MRFdmMRN is the supranuclear organization which converges the sensory-motor cortical activities on the precise linkage of the near-reflex triad and becomes an integration center for each nucleus in the oculomotor nuclear complex.
Animals↗
Determinations of ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate in blood and urine during alcohol oxidation in man.
Blood and urine samples were analyzed for ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate during alcohol oxidation in Japanese men by head space gas chromatography, following the consumption of 16 ml/kg of beer during a 20 min period. The maximum level of blood/urine ethanol was found to be 15-17 mM (20-22 mM), while that of acetaldehyde in a flusher and in non-flushers was 20 microM (52 microM) and 2-5 microM (10-13 microM), respectively. Acetate levels in these groups ranged from 0.2 mM (0.1 mM) to 0.8 mM (1.0 mM). Blood ethanol levels were dose dependent, whereas acetaldehyde and acetate levels reflected individual metabolic rates. The relative concentrations of ethanol and acetaldehyde in blood and that of acetate in alcohol metabolism could be summarized as follows: 7500 (15 mM): 1-3 (2-5 microM); 250-400 (0.5-0.8 mM) for non-flushers; and 7500 (15 mM): 5-10 (10-20 microM): 250-400 (0.5-0.8 mM) for a flusher.
Acetaldehyde↗
Pharmacokinetics of cefpiramide in healthy volunteers, patients with various degrees of renal dysfunction, and patients on hemodialysis.
The elimination kinetics of cefpiramide, a parenteral semisynthetic cephalosporin derivative, were studied in 6 healthy volunteers and 31 patients with renal dysfunction after a single 500-mg intravenous injection. Cefpiramide concentrations in serum and urine were determined by an agar-well diffusion method. The serum levels in patients with renal impairment were slightly higher than those in volunteers during the period from 30 min to 24 h after the administration. The mean serum half-life during the beta-phase was 4.06 h in the volunteers and was slightly prolonged in the patients. The mean urinary recovery during 24 h amounted to 21.5% in the volunteers and decreased with reduced renal function. Hemodialysis did not enhance the clearance of cefpiramide.
Adult↗
Powerful antiangiogenic activity of herbimycin A (named angiostatic antibiotic).
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Allantois↗
Enkephalin-binding protein in human blood.
An enkephalin-binding protein was found in human plasma and serum. The protein was partially purified by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The binding of [3H]leucine-enkephalin to this protein was competitively inhibited by unlabeled leucine- and methionine-enkephalin and various peptide hormones such as beta-endorphin and glucagon, but not by Leu-enkephalin-amide. The fact that amide derivatives of leucine-enkephalin and methionine-enkephalin did not inhibit the binding suggests that c-terminuses of enkephalins might have an important part in binding the protein. From these results, physiological roles of the enkephalin-binding protein are discussed.
Binding, Competitive↗
Characterization of a major neutral glycolipid in PC12 cells as III3Gal alpha-globotriaosylceramide by the method for determining glycosphingolipid saccharide sequence with endoglycoceramidase.
Neutral glycolipids in PC12 cells were examined. A major neutral glycosphingolipid, isolated from a chloroform/methanol extract of the cells, was found to contain only galactose and glucose at a ratio of 3:1 and identified as ceramide tetrahexoside by fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry. Its saccharide sequence was determined by a new method developed here using endoglycoceramidase (Ito, M., and Yamagata, T. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 14278-14282). The glycosphingolipid was digested with endoglycoceramidase to produce oligosaccharide which was subsequently pyridylaminated. The fluorescence-labeled oligosaccharide was digested with a series of specific exoglycosidases and fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography. The 2-aminopyridyl oligosaccharide was hydrolyzed by alpha-galactosidase to give a 2-aminopyridyl oligosaccharide which was identified as 2-aminopyridyl lactose by high performance liquid chromatography, indicating the glycolipid structure to be Gal alpha Gal alpha Gal beta GlcCer. Ceramide trihexoside obtained by limited digestion of the intact glycolipid was clearly identical with ceramide trihexoside obtained from human erythrocytes, according to NMR spectroscopy and methylation analysis. From these and other data on the intact glycolipid, obtained by methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy, its structure was confirmed as Gal alpha 1-3Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer, III3-Gal alpha-globotriaosylceramide. This is the first report indicating the presence of this glycosphingolipid in PC12 cells.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
A new aminopeptidase in monkey cerebral membrane fraction: hydrolysis of enkephalin.
A new aminopeptidase, which cleaves the Tyr1-Gly2 bond of enkephalin, was partially purified from the monkey brain membrane fraction. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 53,000, and the optimum pH was in the neutral region (pH 6.5). The enzyme hydrolyzed Leu-enkephalin with a Km value of 238 microM. It strongly hydrolyzed L-tyrosine and L-leucine beta-naphthylamide, but showed only weak affinity for L-arginine or L-alanine beta-naphthylamide. The enzyme was much more potently inhibited by bestatin (IC50: 2 x 10(-8) M) than the other specific aminopeptidase inhibitors examined, while it showed low sensitivity to puromycin and actinonin, inhibitors of cerebral enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase and aminopeptidase M, respectively. These results indicate that the new enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase is clearly distinct from aminopeptidase M, which has been reported to be a key enzyme in enkephalin inactivation.
Aminopeptidases↗
Effect of PSK, a protein-bound polysaccharide from Coriolus versicolor, on drug-metabolizing enzymes in sarcoma-180 bearing and normal mice.
The effects of PSK and Propionibacterium acnes (anaerobic Corynebacterium) on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes were studied using sarcoma-180 bearing and non-tumor bearing mice. PSK had no influence on aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase activities, cytochrome P-450 concentration in hepatic microsomes, and the reductase activity of cytochrome c in normal mice. The content of cytochrome P-450 was not significantly reduced in S-180 bearing mice. On the other hand, P. acnes administration significantly decreased the amount of cytochromes P-450 and b5 and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity. When FT-207 (Tegafur) was administered orally to S-180 bearing mice combined with the immunoadjuvants, only P. acnes significantly reduced the 5-FU levels in the serum and some organs.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Synergistic effect of dolichyl phosphate and human recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on recovery from neutropenia in mice treated with anti-cancer drugs.
Severe hematopoietic injury in mice was induced by using either 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, mitomycin C, or vinblastine. Daily subcutaneous administration of purified human recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF; 0.3-10.0 micrograms/day) markedly accelerated recovery from the drug-induced granulocytopenia in a dose-dependent manner, as reported previously. On the other hand, daily intraperitoneal administration of dolichyl phosphate (Dol-P) also enhanced granulopoiesis to accelerate recovery from granulocytopenia, although the effect of Dol-P was relatively moderate as compared with that of rG-CSF. A synergistic recovery of granulopoiesis was observed when Dol-P was administered together with rG-CSF to the mice treated with anti-cancer drugs. Joint use of Dol-P (1 mg/day) and rG-CSF (0.3 micrograms/day) was as effective as a higher dose of rG-CSF (3 micrograms/day). Joint use of Dol-P (1 mg/day) and rG-CSF (3 micrograms/day) was sometimes more effective.
Agranulocytosis↗
[Evaluation of endogenous leucine enkephalin like substance in human cerebrospinal fluid].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Application of autoradiographic analysis of 2-deoxyglucose in the study of locomotion.
Trace amounts of [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) were used to detect regions of the brainstem involved in forelimb stepping in thalamic and low spinal cats. Under ether anesthesia, cats were transected at the stereotaxic A12 level and T10 segment. Two hours later, 50 microCi/kg of 2-DG was infused i.v. and one of 4 procedures was followed: 3 cats stepped on a motor-drive treadmill (Stepping), 3 were kept in a stationary standing position (Rigidity), 2 were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (Anesthetized), and 2 were stimulated in the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR-induced). Absolute optical densities of the autoradiograms corresponding to identified anatomical structures of the brainstem were generally in the following order: Stepping greater than Anesthetized greater than MLR-induced greater than Rigidity. The 2-DG uptake relative to the pyramidal tract (2-DG ratio) also was compared for each of the 4 experimental procedures. In the Stepping cats, the 2-DG ratio was highest in the vestibular nuclei, periaqueductal gray, red nucleus and thalamic nuclei. In the Rigid cats, the 2-DG ratio was highest in the medial vestibular nucleus and subthalamic and thalamic nucleus. These findings suggest that the 2-DG tracer method can be useful in associating neural structures with specific kinds of motor functions within a cat. This is particularly true when using the relative activities of different neural structures and in comparing specific neural structures across cats under different experimental conditions when the amount of 2-DG infused is standardized and the optical densities of the autoradiograms are calibrated to a specific level of 2-DG.
Animals↗
Nonspecific simple eosinophilic granulomatous prostatitis with eosinophilia in peripheral blood. A case report.
Nonspecific simple eosinophilic granulomatous prostatitis is extremely rare and in the present paper, the first case showing eosinophilia in the peripheral blood is reported. The patient was a 55-year-old Japanese man who was admitted because of difficulty in urination over a period of several years. The laboratory findings revealed marked eosinophilia (36%) in the peripheral blood, but the patient's past history showed neither bronchial asthma nor any allergic tendency. Transurethral resection of the prostate was performed and the histopathologic findings revealed a picture of non-caseating granulomatous prostatitis with massive eosinophilic infiltration without fibrinoid necrosis or vasculitis. Fragments of the prostatic urethra also showed the same findings. No fungus, bacterium or parasite was found. Although remnants of smooth muscle fibers were noted in the granulomas, neither immunoglobulins nor complement components could be demonstrated, and the etiology remained undetermined.
Biopsy↗