PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Shinoda

Publications and source records attributed to M Shinoda.

323 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Anterior mediastinal tracheostomy with a latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap.

We describe the reconstruction of an anterior mediastinal tracheostomy with a latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap. This procedure is safer, more easily carried out, a more reliable means of creating an anterior mediastinal tracheostomy and is better suited for chest wound healing than previous methods. In addition, the appearance of the patient's chest after operation is cosmetically excellent.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Purification and characterization of aromatase from human placenta.

Aromatase from human placenta has been purified to homogeneity (MW 55,000). Enzymatic activity can be reconstituted with reductase from pig liver in an aqueous buffer or after incorporation of the enzyme into liposomes. In both cases the enzyme converts androstenedione to estrone and testosterone to estradiol. Aromatase shows a typical CO-spectrum when reduced with dithionite and a type I spectral shift with both substrates. The NH2 terminal amino acid sequence is hydrophobic but shows no homology to that of other cytochromes P-450. Five cysteine peptides have been isolated by HPLC following tryptic digestion of the [14C]-carboxymethylated protein. Amino acid sequences of these peptides reveal that histidine is the carboxy-terminal amino acid of the protein and that significant homology exists with corresponding peptides from other cytochromes P-450. Unique oligonucleotides (62 and 30 MER) synthesized on the basis of a 45 amino acid sequence near the center of the molecular have been used to clone the aromatase gene from a cDNA expression library from human placenta in lambda gt11.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Minor immunoreactivity in GDNF-, BDNF-, or NT-3-treated substantia nigra allografts.

Glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) stimulates the survival of dopaminergic neurons. Little is known, however, about the possible immune sequelae of GDNF exposure or of exposure to other putative trophic factors. To address these questions, pieces of mesencephalic tissue, substantia nigra, from 15-day-old donor embryos were transplanted into the anterior chamber of the eye of adult male Sprague-Dawley recipient rats. At 5-day intervals, an aliquot (0.5 microgram) of GDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), or cytochrome-C (CC) was injected into the anterior chamber of the eye of the recipients, and the sizes of the transplants were measured. GDNF increased transplant survival and growth. On day 42, all rats were sacrificed, and the grafts were evaluated by cresyl-violet staining and by immunohistochemistry using antibodies raised against neurofilament (NF), tyrosine hydroxylase, or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), as well as the following monoclonal antibodies: OX-38 anti-CD4, OX-8 anti-CD8, OX-18 anti-MHC class I, OX-6 anti-MHC class II, OX-42 anti-CD11b, R-73 anti-alpha and anti-beta T-cell receptor, and ED1 raised against monocytes/macrophages. BDNF-treated grafts showed only weak immunoreactivity, and even weaker reactions were seen in grafts treated with NT-3, GDNF, or CC. No single immune system marker was significantly elevated in grafts from any treatment group. We used OX-42 and ED1 to study possible alterations of microglial components. Ramified microglial cells were found in GDNF-treated grafts and to a lesser extent in NT-3 and BDNF-treated grafts. ED1-labeled reactive microglial components were found in NT-3- and BDNF-treated grafts. Additionally, large and rounded OX-42-positive phagocytic cells were found in NT-3-treated grafts. Together with our previous finding that GDNF treatment of spinal cord transplants activates immune responses and leads to microglial activation, our data demonstrate that although treatment with GDNF and to some degree with BDNF can enhance immune responses to immunogenic grafts, such as fetal spinal cord grafts, but the trophic factors per se do not elicit any marked response in non-immunogenic grafts like substantia nigra.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of anti-allergic drugs on substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in nasal secretions.

To clarify the effects of anti-allergic drugs on substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels in nasal secretions, we employed competitive enzyme-linked immunoassays to measure concentrations of those neuropeptides in nasal secretions from 40 patients with house dust nasal allergy before and after administration of azelastine and oxatomide. One mg of azelastine and 30 mg of oxatomide were administrated twice a day for 4 weeks. Mean values of SP concentrations and ratios of SP to total protein of the nasal allergy group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.002). The VIP/total protein ratio of the allergy group was also significantly higher than that of the control group, although the VIP concentration alone was not. Mean levels of SP and VIP from patients with severe symptoms were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05), although those values were not significantly different between patients with moderate symptoms and control subjects. Azelastine and oxatomide effectively reduced SP levels in nasal secretions (p < 0.005), but they did not significantly decrease VIP levels. The reduction of SP levels was significant in patients with excellent responses to those drugs (p < 0.005), but not in patients with poor responses. These findings suggest that SP and VIP levels in nasal secretions may reflect the clinical state of nasal allergy and be one of the better parameters available for evaluating the clinical efficacy of anti-allergic drugs against nasal allergy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Polymorphic variation of the ARP gene on 3p21 in Japanese esophageal cancer patients.

Allelic loss of the short arm of chromosome 3 is common in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESC) and its premalignant lesions. The ARP gene (Arginine Rich Protein) was mapped to 3p21, and frequent variations of the triplet, AGG, repeat around codon 50 of the ARP gene were reported in a variety of human cancers. To examine the involvement of the ARP gene in esophageal cancer, we screened mutations around codon 50 in 35 ESC tumours and matched normal tissues. Sequence variants were observed in four ESC tumours; two (AGG)2 insertions, one ATG50-to-AGG substitution and one AGG deletion. However, they were also found in its corresponding normal tissues, suggesting that variation of the ARP gene found in ESC is polymorphic. We next analyzed sequence changes in 48 unrelated Japanese healthy individuals. They consist of 33 wild-type homozygotes, nine (AGG)2 insertion/wild-type heterozygotes, two (AGG)2 insertion homozygotes, one AGG deletion/wild-type heterozygote and three ATG50-to-AGG substitution/wild-type heterozygotes. Allele frequencies for wild-type, (AGG)2 insertion, ATG50-to-AGG substitution and AGG deletion are 0.82, 0.14, 0.03 and 0.01, respectively. Observed genotype frequencies fit well with the Hardy-Weinberg's law. Significant difference was not observed between allele distributions in normal and cancer patient populations.

Asian People↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A case of esophageal carcinoma surgically treated after discontinuance of the simultaneous application of radiotherapy and chemotherapy with low doses of CDDP and 5-FU.

The patient, a 69-year-old man with esophageal cancer, had a type 2 tumor in the Mt region, accompanied with an ulcer measuring 12 cm in the major axis. In addition, lymph node metastasis, approximately 5x4 cm, was observed in the lesser curvature of the stomach. The clinical stage of the lesion was T3N1M0 (stage III), and simultaneous therapy combining radiotherapy (2 Gy/day) with chemotherapy employing CDDP (6 mg/day) and 5-FU (300 mg/day) was started on October 21, 1996. During treatment, tumor invasion into the gastric walls from lymph node metastasis was observed on endoscopy, and radiotherapy was discontinued at a total dose of 40 Gy to avoid the possibility of bleeding. Surgery was performed on January 8, 1997. Although tumor invasion from lymph node metastasis in the lesser curvature of the stomach was observed in the pancreas, no remaining cancer cells were noted in the primary nest and metastasized lymph node, suggesting the usefulness of the simultaneous combined therapy.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gender, age and circadian blood pressure variation of apparently healthy rural vs metropolitan Japanese.

Interim chronobiologic cardiovascular reference data have been described; 353 clinically healthy Japanese subjects were monitored every 15 min for 24h on 2 occasions. Special attention was paid to the difference between metropolitan and rural areas. Not only the MESORs of SBP and DBP, but also the circadian amplitudes, were higher in the Tokyo than in a rural area (Komaki, Aichi Prefecture). Age-related alterations in the circadian profile of cardiovascular variables were noted for women but not for men. The average MESOR remained similar for SBP in men, whereas in women the average MESOR increased with advancing age in both urban and rural areas. The average circadian amplitude of SBP also increased with age in women, but not in men. No significant deviations of acrophase with age were found for SBP and DBP in men, whereas in rural women the acrophase tended to occur earlier with increasing age.

Adolescent↗