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Biomedical subjects

M Shinoda

Publications and source records attributed to M Shinoda.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Protective effects of the bark of Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc. on experimental liver injuries].

The methanol extract from the bark of Myrica rubra SIEB. et ZUCC. showed protective effects on liver injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) in rats. In this study, the fractions and some compounds from the bark of M. rubra were investigated for the protection against CCl4 inducing liver injuries in rats. The active principles for the protection were recognized in two fractions (M-3 and M-5 Fr. 1) obtained from the methanol extract, and one of the active principles in the fraction (M-3) was found to be myricanol 5-O-beta-D-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside. In addition, these fractions protecting liver injuries induced by CCl4 showed significant protective effects against cholestasis induced by ANIT.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Changes in rhythmicity of ambulatory and drinking activities produced by presentation of short time lightings during dark period in rats].

It is well known that the lighting conditions affect many physiological phenomenon of laboratory animals. However, lighting conditions are frequently disturbed by investigators themselves. In this study, behavioral (ambulation and drinking) rhythmicities of rats were investigated after irregular lighting; i. e. presentation of short time lighting at 21:00, 24:00 and 3:00 for 12 min during dark period (18:00-6:00). Vaginal smear was taken and sexual cycle was observed everyday. Ambulatory and drinking activities were measured by Gundai type Ambulo-drinkometer. The irregular lighting produced the following changes in the rhythmicities: 1) increase in the ambulatory activity during 15:00-18:00 immediately before dark period 2) decrease in ambulatory activity before ovulation 3) disappearance of inhibitory phenomenon of drinking activity which was usually observed before ovulation 4) increase in the drinking activity during 6:00-9:00 immediately after dark period 5) the changes in rhythmicities of the behavioral activities lasted for more than 1 month after replacement to the regular lighting condition.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Changes in rhythmicities of ambulatory and drinking activities after hypophysectomy in rats.

Effects of hypophysectomy on circadian rhythms of ambulatory and drinking activities in adult male rats were automatically recorded and investigated with a Gundai-type ambulodrinkometer. The rats were maintained under LL conditions following an LD condition. When free-running rhythms had stabilized, the rats were hypophysectomized. The rhythmicities of both activities became indistinct over the 2-4 weeks following surgery, and then gradually recovered. At this time phase shifts (phase advance) were observed in the hypophysectomized rats, while these changes were not observed in sham-operated rats. All rats entrained to lighting when kept under LD conditions again. These results suggest that the pituitary does not play an essential role in maintaining circadian rhythms, but does function as an important subordinal oscillator.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Technical note: development of a duodenal cannula for sheep.

A single T-shaped duodenal cannula of silicone rubber with a gutter-type small inner flange was developed for sheep. The barrel of the cannula was 24 mm long with an internal diameter of 12 mm. A polyester surgical mesh (100 mm x 100 mm) was connected to the barrel of the cannula as an anchor. Fibrous tissues grew on the polyester mesh anchor and adhered firmly to the serosa of the intestine, thus leaving no gap and, hence, preventing any leakage of intestinal contents from the side of the fistula. The small (24 mm in diameter) and thin (3 mm in thickness) outer flange of the cannula became buried in the wool and prevented any mechanical disturbance of the cannula by the activity of the animal. The elasticity of the silicone rubber prevented distortion of the duodenum around the barrel of the cannula. No erosion of the tissue between the inner flange of the cannula and the mesh was seen in postmortem observations.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Butyrolactols A and B, new antifungal antibiotics. Taxonomy, isolation, physico-chemical properties, structure and biological activity.

New antifungal antibiotics, butyrolactols A and B, have been isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces rochei S785-16. They are novel type of molecules containing a common 2,3-dihydroxybutyrolactone nucleus substituted with a different long hydroxyalkyl side chain. Butyrolactol A showed good antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and moderately inhibited the growth of yeasts.

4-Butyrolactone↗
PubMed1992

Synthesis and antifungal activities of pradimicin derivatives, modification at C4'-position.

The 4'-N-alkyl(1 approximately 10) and 4'-N-acyl derivatives (11 approximately 21) of pradimicins (PRMs) were synthesized by trimethylsilylation of PRMs A, C and FA-1 followed by condensation with appropriate alkylating and acylating agents. The 4'-hydroxy derivatives (23 and 24) were synthesized from PRM FA-2 in a 3-step sequence. Among these compounds, the 4'-N-carboxyl substituted alkyl (1, 5, 8 and 10), 4'-N-formyl (11) and 4'-axial-hydroxy (23) derivatives retained the antifungal activity of the parent compounds and showed great improvement in water solubility.

Anthracyclines↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical and bacteriological study of sparfloxacin on bacterial prostatitis].

Sparfloxacin (SPFX), a new oral quinolone antimicrobial, was studied for the bacterial response, pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy in the treatment of bacterial prostatitis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for 48 strains isolated from expressed prostatic secretion were measured. The values for 8 out of 12 strains of S. epidermidis were below 0.05 microgram/ml and those for all 6 strains of E. coli were below 0.025 microgram/ml. The SPFX concentrations in prostatic fluid (PF) were 0.33 to 0.49 microgram/ml at 1 to 3 hours after oral administration of 200 mg, the PF/serum ratio being 1.15 to 1.47. SPFX was administered at a dose of 200 to 400 mg daily for an average of 14.1 days to 14 patients with prostatitis (5, acute: 9, chronic). The clinical efficacy judged by physician in charge was effective in 12 cases with an efficacy rate of 85.7%. The bacterial eradication rate was 93.3% (14/15 strains), and eradication was complete in all 7 cases infected with gram-negative rods. SPFX-related abnormal laboratory values were observed in one case with transient increase of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and alkaliphosphatase activities, and decrease of platelet. As side effects, one case with gastrointestinal symptoms and the other case with photosensitivity skin rash accompanied by sensory abnormality of palms were observed. The abnormal values or side effects in these patients recovered to normal or disappeared after completion of the treatment without any treatments. In view of the higher concentrations in PF than the MIC values with long remaining in the tissues, SPFX is considered to be effective in the treatment of bacterial prostatitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma with interferon alpha and OK-432 (streptococcal preparation)].

A total of 12 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma received interferon alpha (3 million units intramuscularly 6 times weekly) and OK-432 (5 KE (Klinische Einheit) intramuscularly twice weekly). Metastatic lesions appeared before operation in six patients and after operation in six patients. Among them 5 patients had received interferon therapy and this combination therapy was started after the judgment of progressive disease for interferon therapy. Eleven pulmonary and 5 bone metastases were evaluable. The median duration of the combination therapy was 89.3 weeks. There were 4 partial responses and no complete responses among the 12 patients, giving a response rate of 33.3%. The median duration of response was 25 months, with a range of 6 to 54 months. Responses were seen predominantly in patients in whom metastases appeared after operation (3 of 4 responders). However, regarding the individual organs, two complete and 2 partial responses were observed among 11 pulmonary metastases and 2 partial responses among 5 bone metastases. The survival period after discovery of the metastasis was 10 to 67 months and the 5-year survival rate was 70.5%. Almost all patients had fever and induration at the injection site. Other side effects included leukopenia, anorexia, and depression. This combination therapy is thought to be effective against bone or other organs metastasis resistant to interferon alone.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Intracranial arterial reconstructive surgery for unclippable aneurysms. An application of microvascular suturing.

Intracranial arterial reconstructive techniques were used in three patients for whom conventional neck clipping was not feasible due to the size, location or symptoms of their aneurysms. In the first case, complicated by subarachnoid hemorrhage, a giant aneurysm in the right middle cerebral artery was excised and the stump of the parent arteries was reconstructed in end-to-end and end-to-side fashion. The second case had a large thrombosed aneurysm in the left vertebral artery compressing the medulla oblongata, with small perforators originating from the proximal posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) feeding the brainstem. The PICA was transposed to cerebellar cortical artery and the aneurysm excised. The third case presented with TIA and small infarctions were observed in the left thalamus. A giant, partially thrombosed, aneurysm in the left posterior cerebral artery (PCA) was trapped with a revascularization of the distal PCA from the superior cerebellar artery in side-to-side fashion. Indications for these intracranial arterial reconstructions in aneurysmal surgery were discussed and pertinent literature was reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[A randomized study of pirarubicin (THP) versus adriamycin (ADM) for intravesical instillation therapy against superficial bladder cancer].

To determine the antitumor action by intravesical instillation prior to transurethral resection TUR, a randomized study on pirarubicin (THP) versus adriamycin (ADM) was performed for superficial, papillary and initially detected bladder cancers with participation of 21 Urological Clinics in 3 Tokai Prefectures. The instillation dose of 500 micrograms/ml was given 3 times per week for 3 weeks in both THP (n = 33) and ADM (n = 30) groups. The complete and partial response rates were 56.3% in THP group and 26.7% in ADM group. THP instillation was more effective against multiple tumors than a single tumor, stage Ta than T1 and grade G1 than G2 and G3. However, these findings were not statistically significant. Untoward effects were mainly bladder irritability and its frequency was 60.6% in the THP group and 23.3% in the ADM group. Contracted bladder was found in 2 of the 33 patients in the THP group and 2 of the 30 patients in the ADM group. The antitumor effect of a half dose of THP was equivalent to that of one dose of ADM, and the THP group showed a twofold higher frequency of side effects. Therefore, a clinical trial should be made comparing the effect of 500 micrograms/ml of THP and that of 1,000 micrograms/ml of ADM.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1992

Phenotypic and functional analysis of lamina propria mononuclear cells from colonoscopic biopsy specimens in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Phenotypic and functional analysis was performed with lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) isolated from colonoscopic biopsies in 27 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). The proportion of T lymphocytes displaying HLA-DR antigens, interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor, and transferrin receptor was greater in active UC than in control diseases. When LPMCs were cultured with IL-2 or phytohemagglutinin for 72 h, there were no significant differences in the proportion of cells bearing these activation markers between active UC and controls. The proportion of CD56+ cells and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity was lower in LPMCs from active UC than in control cells, and depletion of CD56+ cells from control lamina propria cells essentially eliminated LAK cell activity. Mucosal T lymphocytes may be activated in vivo during active inflammation in UC, and lower levels of intestinal LAK cell activity may be related to the decrease of CD56+ cells under these conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Lobular carcinoma of the male breast--a case report].

Lobular carcinoma of the male breast is very rare, because lobules do not exist in the male mammary gland. Seven cases of lobular carcinoma of the male breast have been reported in Europe and U.S.A., although no case in Japan. We encountered a very rare case of the lobular carcinoma of 74-year-old male breast. Histopathological examinations of both primary tumor and recurrent tumors of the skin led to the diagnosis of lobular carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Lymphocyte-mucosal interaction of the middle ear mucosa.

The middle ear mucosa possesses immunologic features similar to those of the peripheral mucosa sites in the common mucosal immune system and after mucosal immunization, antigenspecific IgA-forming cells appear in the inflamed mucosa of the tympanic cavity. Recent investigations suggest that lymphocyte migration to lymphoid tissues is regulated by lymphocyte-high endothelial venules (HEV) interaction. However, the lymphocyte migration mechanism to the middle ear mucosa is still unclear. We investigated whether or not organ-specific determinants which lymphocytes bind with are present on the middle ear mucosa by in vivo and in vitro lymphocyte adherence assays by using fluorescein-labeled lymphocytes from various lymphoid tissues. Many lymphocytes from Peyer's patches and hilar lymphnodes adhered on the inflamed middle ear mucosa with or without mucosal immunization, while these cells were not found on the normal tympanic mucosa. The number of the cells was smaller than that in the gastrointestinal mucosa. Lymphocyte adherence to the middle ear mucosa was not suppressed by anti-T cell antibody. These findings suggest that the middle ear mucosa possesses organ-specific mucosal determinants which B-lymphocytes selectively bind with, and that those determinants which regulate lymphocyte migration to the middle ear mucosa differ from those of other mucosae in the gastrointestinal tract.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Aldehyde reductase is a major protein associated with 3-deoxyglucosone reductase activity in rat, pig and human livers.

3-Deoxyglucosone reductase activity in the extracts of rat, pig and human livers was potently inhibited by aldehyde reductase inhibitors. The major species of 3-deoxyglucosone reductase purified from human and pig livers were biochemically and immunochemically identical with aldehyde reductase. The two enzymes and rat liver aldehyde reductase exhibited higher catalytic efficiency for 3-deoxyglucosone than for D-glucuronate, a representative substrate of aldehyde reductase.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1991

Distribution and characterization of dihydrodiol dehydrogenases in mammalian ocular tissues.

The immunological relationship of two forms of dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DD) in pig lens to pig muscle aldose reductase and kidney aldehyde reductase has been studied. Although the minor enzyme form, a monomer of Mr 35,000, was identical with aldose reductase, the major enzyme form, a dimer of Mr 65,000, was distinct from the two reductases. The two enzyme species, although their amounts were low, were distributed in the cornea, iris-ciliary body, retina and choroid of the pig eye. In other mammals, rabbit lens exhibited much higher DD activity than did lens of mice, rats, cats, hamsters, guinea pigs and monkeys, and contained large amounts of the Mr-65,000 enzyme form as well as the minor enzyme form of Mr 35,000. In contrast, only the Mr-35,000 form of the enzyme was found in the lens of other species, except that a small amount of the high-Mr enzyme was detected in mouse lens. The high-Mr enzyme, purified from rabbit lens, was functionally and immunologically similar to dimeric DD of pig lens. The low-Mr enzyme forms, isolated or partially purified from these animal lenses, showed several features in common with aldose reductases from mammalian tissues. The dimeric enzymes of pig and rabbit lenses were NADP(+)-specific, whereas the low-Mr enzymes exhibited dual cofactor specificity and their activities with NAD+ were more than 3-fold higher than those with NADP+.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1991

Inhibition of dimeric dihydrodiol dehydrogenases of rabbit and pig lens by ascorbic acid.

The dehydrogenase activity of dimeric dihydrodiol dehydrogenases (DD) purified from pig and rabbit lenses was inhibited by either L-ascorbic acid or its epimer, isoascorbic acid, at pH 7.5. Isoascorbate [IC50 (concn. giving 50% inhibition) = 0.043 mM for the pig enzyme; IC50 = 0.13 mM for the rabbit enzyme] was a more potent inhibitor than ascorbate (IC50 values 0.45 and 0.90 mM respectively), but 1 mM-dehydroascorbate gave less than 30% inhibition. Glucose, glucuronate, gulono-gamma-lactone, glutathione and dithiothreitol did not inhibit the enzyme activity. The inhibition by isoascorbate and ascorbate was instantaneous and reversible, and their inhibitory potency was decreased by addition of ascorbate oxidase. In the reverse reaction, isoascorbate and ascorbate gave low IC50 values of 0.013 and 0.10 mM respectively for the pig enzyme and 0.025 and 0.25 mM for the rabbit enzyme. The inhibition patterns by the two compounds were competitive with respect to dihydrodiols of naphthalene and benzene and uncompetitive with respect to NADP+, but those in the reverse reaction were uncompetitive with respect to both carbonyl substrate and NADPH. The steady-state kinetic measurements in the forward and reverse reactions by the pig enzyme were consistent with an ordered Bi Bi mechanism, in which NADP+ binds to the enzyme first and NADPH leaves last. The results indicate that ascorbate and its epimer directly bind to an enzyme: NADP+ binary complex as dead-end inhibitors. Thus ascorbate may be an important modulator of DD in the lens.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1991

Oral vaccine therapy for pneumococcal otitis media in an animal model.

We investigated whether mucosal IgA response in the middle ear cavity against Streptococcus pneumoniae type 19F is enhanced by use of enteric capsules, and whether the resulting mucosal immunity can prevent pneumococcal otitis media. Adult Hartley guinea pigs were employed. With intratympanic inoculation of 10(5) and 10(6) live S pneumoniae, the occurrence of pneumococcal otitis media significantly decreased in guinea pigs that received intraduodenal and intragastric immunization by enteric capsules. In these guinea pigs, the values of salivary IgA antibody titers against S pneumoniae were significantly greater, and histologic changes of the middle ear mucosa were also slighter than those of control guinea pigs. These findings indicate that oral vaccination by enteric capsules elicits mucosal IgA responses, as well as intraduodenal immunization, to prevent pneumococcal otitis media. These results suggest the possibility of clinical application of oral vaccination by enteric capsules for the prevention of middle ear infection.

Administration, Oral↗