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Biomedical subjects

M Shoemaker

Publications and source records attributed to M Shoemaker.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

The experience of being a male student nurse.

Although schools of nursing market their programs to all segments of society, men are underrepresented in schools of nursing. The purpose of this study was to identify male students' perceptions of the motivational factors, barriers and frustrations encountered in becoming a nurse. Eighteen students attended one of four focus groups representing one associate program, two baccalaureate programs and one diploma program. The students' belief that society perceived nursing as a feminine profession was an underlying thread that related to many of their perceptions and feelings. The most influential support people noted were immediate family, especially wives. The participants also believed that high school counselors were of no assistance in choosing nursing as a career. Even though the schools of nursing were perceived as supportive, the participants had feelings of isolation and self-doubt.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A study and model of the role of the Renshaw cell in regulating the transient firing rate of the motoneuron.

This study sought to investigate the role of the Renshaw cell with respect to transient motoneuron firing. By studying the cat motoneuron and Renshaw cell, several low-order lumped parameter models were developed that simulate the known characteristics of the injected input current vs. firing rate. The neuron models in the Renshaw cell inhibition configuration were tuned to fit experimental data from cat motoneurons. Models included both linear versions and those with sigmoidal nonlinearities. Results of the simulation indicate that the motoneuron itself provides the adaptation seen in its firing rate and that the Renshaw cell's role is primarily to fine-tune the motoneuron's adaptation process.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1992

Identification of the guanine binding domain peptide of the GTP-binding site of glucagon.

Glucagon, a peptide hormone synthesized and secreted by alpha islet cells, regulates glucose homeostasis by several mechanisms. Using [gamma 32P]8N3GTP, a proven photoaffinity probe for GTP, a specific nucleotide binding site on human glucagon was detected that showed preference for GTP. Half-maximal saturation of photoinsertion into the polypeptide hormone was at 8-12 microM with either [alpha 32P]8N3GTP or [gamma 32P]8N3GTP. GTP protected photolabeling with an apparent kd of 15 microM, whereas ATP was less effective as a protector, exhibiting an apparent kd of about 30 microM. Maximal protection by GTP and ATP was over 90%. UTP, CTP, GDP, ADP, GMP, AMP, guanosine, adenosine, guanine, and adenine were much less effective protectors, indicating that binding is specific for purine nucleoside triphosphates, particularly GTP. Mg2+ at 150 microM enhanced photoinsertion (twofold), whereas at 2-10 mM, it inhibited photoinsertion. Both Ca2+ and Zn2+ at 0.2 mM decreased photoinsertion about 45%. Purification of chymotryptic and tryptic digests of photolabeled glucagon by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that the N-terminal peptide, HSQGTF, was the only peptide region covalently photomodified by [32P]8N3GTP. GTP, if present during photolysis, greatly reduced both photoinsertion into glucagon and the amount of radiolabeled peptide recovered on HPLC. The specificity of binding to the N-terminal region is suggestive of a physiological role for a glucagon-GTP complex in the mechanism of action of this hormone.

Adenine↗
PubMed1990

Variables associated with weight loss and improvements in glycemic control in type II diabetic patients in behavioral weight control programs.

Because weight loss is difficult to achieve, it would be helpful to determine whether there are subgroups of obese type II diabetic patients who benefit most from participation in a behavioral weight loss program. We studied 178 obese patients with type II diabetes, who participated in a 12-20 week behavioral weight loss program and were followed for 1 year after the program to determine whether age, gender, percent overweight, medication, duration of diabetes or fasting glucose were related to weight loss and/or to the magnitude of improvement in glycemic control experienced with weight loss. Gender was the only variable related to weight loss; males lost more weight and had greater decreases in percent overweight than females. The variable most strongly related to improvement in glycemic control was pretreatment fasting glucose level; patients with higher initial glucose levels experienced the greatest improvements in control. There was no evidence to support the belief that patients on insulin have poorer weight losses or that patients with long-duration diabetes benefit less from weight reduction than those with recent-onset diabetes.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1986

Differences in phosphate metabolite levels in drug-sensitive and -resistant human breast cancer cell lines determined by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

31P magnetic resonance spectra of perfused human breast cancer cells with the phenotype of pleiotropic drug resistance exhibit striking differences in the levels of phosphate metabolites from the wild-type, drug-sensitive parent cell line. Resistant cells demonstrated elevated levels of phosphocreatine and depressed levels of phosphomonoesters, phosphodiesters, and diphosphodiesters. These differences may reflect significant alterations in the control of bioenergetic metabolism between drug-resistant and -sensitive cells.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Peritonsillitis: abscess or cellulitis?

Peritonsillitis encompasses both cellulitis and abscess. To determine the distinguishing factors for cellulitis and abscess, we reviewed 29 patients, 15 with cellulitis and 14 with abscess. Common presenting complaints included dysphagia, trismus, drooling, voice change and fever. Unilateral tonsillar enlargement was usually present, and uvular deviation was noted in 10 of 29 patients. The mean ages of patients with abscess was 15.0 years, and that of patients with cellulitis was 10.8 years. The two groups differed significantly by age (P = 0.02), and discriminant analysis showed age, dysphagia and drooling to be discriminators for abscess patients, while bilaterality or fever were not. Trismus was a discriminator for cellulitis patients. Etiology for abscess included Group A and non-Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, Group D streptococcus, alpha-streptococcus, anaerobic diphtheroids and coagulase-negative staphylococci. The etiology of the cellulitis was Group A and non-Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Peritonsillitis appeared to increase in frequency. On presentation patients with cellulitis are similar to patients with abscess. Abscess is more likely in adolescents. Recommended therapy is intravenous penicillin and prompt drainage for patients failing to respond.

Adolescent↗