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Biomedical subjects

M Shuster

Publications and source records attributed to M Shuster.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 produces immune defects in CD4+ T lymphocytes by inhibiting interleukin 2 mRNA.

Envelope glycoprotein gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is known to inhibit T-cell function, but little is known about the mechanisms of this immunosuppression. Pretreatment of a CD4+ tetanus toxoid-specific T-cell clone with soluble gp120 was found to exert a dose-dependent inhibition of soluble antigen-driven or anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody-driven proliferative response, interleukin 2 (IL-2) production, and surface IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) alpha-chain expression, all of which were reversed by the addition of exogenous IL-2. mRNA for the gene encoding IL-2 was suppressed by treatment with gp120, but IL-2R gene transcription was not inhibited. Bypass activation of the T-cell clone with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin was unaffected by gp120 pretreatment. Thus, gp120-CD4 interaction interferes with an essential role of the CD4 molecule in signal transduction through the CD3-antigen receptor (Ti) complex. Such a mechanism of gp120-induced immunosuppression, if operative in vivo, could contribute to the depressed specific immune responses associated with HIV infection.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1989

Pharmacologic intervention in prehospital care: a critical appraisal.

In more than 15 years of paramedic operation, fewer than 15 prehospital studies have been undertaken on the pharmacologic intervention by paramedics. Many of these studies suffer from inadequate sample size or deficient study design. There is no evidence that any medication given by the prehospital care provider is beneficial or cannot safely be delayed until arrival at hospital. Multicenter trials must be designed and implemented if we are to provide the evidence necessary to evaluate our current practice.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Readiness to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an emerging strategy against sudden cardiac death.

OBJECTIVES: This investigation assessed motivational factors and psychosocial barriers that affect individual readiness to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This is the first study to use the Transtheoretical model in assessing readiness to perform CPR. METHODS: A sample of 786 subjects, > or = 45 years of age and who resided in a private residence, were randomly selected to participate in a structured telephone interview. Data on motivational readiness, emotional state, perceived psychosocial barriers, and perceived efficacy in performing CPR were collected using dichotomous and Likert-type ratings. RESULTS: Subjects with greater motivational readiness expected to experience significantly fewer symptoms of emotional distress during a cardiac emergency and to encounter fewer psychosocial barriers. This group also reported greater efficacy in their ability to perform CPR. These findings were independent of gender, medical history, age, and educational level. CONCLUSIONS: Meaningful differences are apparent in individual readiness to perform CPR. These findings provide additional support for the need to tailor CPR training strategies using behavioral methods that enhance motivational readiness and decrease apprehension about anticipated emotional distress and psychosocial barriers.

Adaptation, Psychological↗