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Biomedical subjects

M Simonoff

Publications and source records attributed to M Simonoff.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Antioxidant status (selenium, vitamins A and E) and aging.

Antioxidant status can be evaluated by blood selenium, vitamins A and E. The level of selenium was determined in whole blood, erythrocytes and plasma of 170 French people (70-95 years old) healthy and with intercurrent illness, by using PIXE (proton-induced X-ray emission analysis). These results are discussed with other values from the literature. Plasma levels of vitamins A and E have been measured by HPLC. All data were compared with those obtained for younger subjects. Healthy elderly people residing in a geriatric home received selenium supplements during 1 month. The influence of this supplementation brought to light a deficiency for this trace element. The correlation of aging and nutritional requirements with immune function, heart and cancer death rate is presented and discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A low plasma selenium is a risk factor for peripartum cardiomyopathy. A comparative study in Sahelian Africa.

A specific selenium deficiency is a risk factor for Keshan disease, an endemic cardiomyopathy observed in China. In a Sahelian area of Niger, plasma selenium concentration was measured by neutronic activation and particle induced X-ray emission in 35 black African women with peripartum cardiomyopathy and 36 breast-feeding women without cardiac failure as controls. The plasma selenium concentration in patients was lower (48 +/- 25 ng/ml, mean +/- standard deviation) than in controls (77 +/- 16 ng/ml) (P less than 0.0001). Moreover, 40% (14/35) patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy had very low plasma selenium concentrations, below 45 ng/ml, versus none in controls. A low plasma selenium concentration is a risk factor for the Sahelian peripartum cardiomyopathy.

Cardiomyopathies↗
PubMed1986

Vanadium in depressive states.

Serum vanadium levels have been measured by neutron activation analysis. They are higher (3.10 +/- 1.38 ng/mL) in patients suffering depressive illness than in normal subjects (0.67 +/- 0.32 ng/mL).

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1984

Chromium deficiency and cardiovascular risk.

Recent measurements have demonstrated that plasma chromium levels in patients with coronary artery disease are very much lower than in normal subjects. A review of the literature concerning the physiological functions of chromium (or GTF) shows it to be implicated in most of the known factors of cardiovascular risk, via its effect on insulin levels and activities. Chromium deficiency leads to impaired lipid and glucide metabolism and results in high circulating insulin levels, the probable consequences of which suggest that chromium deficiency may be a primary risk factor in cardiovascular disease.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

Vanadium in human serum, as determined by neutron activation analysis.

Vanadium concentrations have been measured in the serum of 23 healthy subjects by neutron activation analysis, with post-irradiation chemical separation. The values obtained fall in a fairly narrow range (260-1300 ng/L, mean 670 ng/L), which suggests a physiological role for this element. We checked the method by analysis of standard (U.S. National Bureau of Standards) water samples and serum samples supplemented with 48V, and we found excellent agreement with expected results in both cases. We consider the reported results for human serum to be more reliable than those obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The isolation of glucose tolerance factors from brewer's yeast and their relation to chromium.

A new dietary factor, the glucose tolerance factor (GTF), was reported in 1957 that improved impaired glucose tolerance in rats. Most studies on GTF have used brewer's yeast as the starting material, and it has been postulated that the active material is a low-mol wt organic complex containing Cr3+. It seemed thus important to isolate an active GTF from chromium-rich yeast (228 ppm Cr) obtained by incubation with chromium and to compare each fraction with corresponding ones from untreated yeast (0.48 ppm Cr). We developed an isolation and purification procedure by fractionation of yeast extract on an anion and cation exchange resin, and tested the GTF activity (glucose oxidation) on rat adipocytes. PIXE (proton-induced X-ray emission) was used to measure the chromium content of the individual fraction. Individual fractions with GTF activity did not differ between Cr-rich and Cr-deficient yeast, and there was no relationship between Cr content and GTF activity. This does not support the hypothesis that chromium is an obligatory constituent of the GTF, assuming that GTF is a unique substance.

Adipose Tissue↗