Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Sobaniec-Lotowska.
The review of literature concerning gastritis, especially the chronic form has been carried out. Based on published data and own authors experience an application of the Sydney System in differential diagnosis of gastritis was presented.
Some cyclophosphamide toxic effects on lung tissue are presented. Cyclophosphamide metabolism, pathogenesis of lung damage and morphological lung tissue changes caused by that agent were characterized. Attention was focused on BAL evaluation as a useful method in the monitoring of lung tissue damage degree.
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is one of the widely used cytostatic drugs, with a strong toxic influence on pulmonary tissue. Experimental works have shown that a single high dose of CP causes injury to all elements of the interalveolar septum, especially to the alveolar endothelial and epithelial cells. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of pentoxifylline (PTXF) (30 mg/kg b.w.) on the ultrastructure of lungs capillaries and blood cell count as well as plasma fibrinogen levels in Wistar rats after intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/b.w. CP. We established that in the doses applied PTXF had no statistically significant influence on the number of leukocytes and erythrocytes determined in the left ventricular blood of rats receiving CP, while the number of white cells from animals given PTXF only was higher than in controls. There was a smaller decrease in the number of platelets (p < 0.05) and smaller reduction in fibrinogen level (p < 0.01) in the serum of PTXF-CP animals than in the CP group. The results obtained suggest a protective effect of PTXF on CP induced changes, which have been evidenced in some of the parameters examined. Ultrastructural examinations found the lungs to be the organ of extramedullary thrombocytopoiesis in CP-treated animals and revealed that platelet accumulation in the system of lung capillaries was a potential cause of the decrease observed in the number of blood platelets following CP administration.
The effect of cyclophosphamide (CP) on the ultrastructure of the lung tissue and the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in serum was evaluated in rats. The animals were given cyclophosphamide (CP) in a single intraperitoneal dose of 150 mg/kg b.w. ACE activity was evaluated in the blood serum collected from the left ventricle of the heart using the spectrophometric method. In all time subgroups, the CP-receiving animals showed a decrease in ACE activity. Ultrastructural examinations of CP-treated animals revealed increased adhesion of neutrophiles and monocytes to the damage endothelium of the alveolar septa vessels and focally accumulation of the platelets.
Septic shock is a catastrophic consequence of invasive infection. Unfortunately, recent advances in surgical and medical sciences have not significantly reduced the overall mortality from septic shock. Bacterial antigens stimulate a cascade of cytokine release; each cytokine helps the host to overcome infection, but their excessive production causes them to trigger events that lead to septic syndrome and shock. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) has a pivotal role in orchestrating the events leading to septic shock. Intraperitoneal administration of certain substances can increase the number and phagocytic activity of cells, which reach naturally the site of infection. Activation of the immunity cells in the peritoneal cavity and their immunocompetence are found to be responsible for the organism protection against abdominal cavity infections. Macrophages, lymphocytes and granulocytes of low activity in the non-stimulated peritoneal cavity become significant due to the influence of numerous biologically active substances. This study was designed to determine the peritoneal response to local administration of LPS or TNF-alpha in the course of experimental septic shock.
A morphometrical analysis of changes in the heart of rats with experimental lung emphysema due to single intratracheal administration of papain solution has been done. Special attention has been paid to quantitative changes of capillaries and to the cardiomyocyte diameter in respective regions of the myocardium after one, three and six months following the administration of papain. A histological and morphometrical analysis of changes in the lungs has also been carried out and partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the arterial blood of the examined animals have been marked. It has been found that a single administration of papain caused emphysematous changes in the lungs, growing more intense until the third month of the experiment. The progression of these changes corresponded to a capillary density increase in the right ventricle, interventricular septum and in the subendocardial layer of the left ventricle. The increase in the number of capillaries was interpreted as the first adaptive stage of cor pulmonale development and explained by the occurrence of angiogenesis. The changes co-existed with a decrease in partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood. After six months of the experiment, a reduction in capillary density in the heart regions mentioned above and a simultaneous increase in the cardiomycyte transversal diameter were observed, being the exponents of evident myocardial hypertrophy. Development of ultrastructural changes in the hearts of rats has been analysed too. Simultaneous development of changes in the right ventricle muscle and in the subendocardial layer of the heart left ventricle myocardium was observed. The role of hypoxia as a one of essential factors responsible for the observed morphologic changes has been discussed.
The effect of sodium salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, being an active component of herbicide "PIELIK", upon the development of Guerin carcinoma implanted in male Wistar rats, was studied. 192 animals were divided in to 6 equal groups: I-animals which obtained physiological salt solution; II-rats exposed to the herbicide in postlactational period; III-animals with Guerin carcinoma, non exposed to the herbicide; IV- rats exposed to the herbicide in postlactational period+Guerin carcinoma; V-animals exposed to the herbicide from prenatal period to the end of an experiment, without Guerin carcinoma; VI-the same as in V group, but with Guerin carcinoma. The effect of the herbicide on tumor growth dynamism (diameters and mass), degree of tumour malignancy (metastases to lymph nodes), animals survival time and morfological changes in the primary tumour and in metastases was evaluated. Basing of the results obtained, it was stated that this herbicide accelerates the development of Guerin carcinoma and reduces the survival time in the rats exposed to it in the prenatal and postnatal period. However, it does not significantly influence the growth of the carcinoma in the rats exposed only in the postlactational period.
The 19,094 autopsy examinations carried out between 1976-1990 revealed 698 (3.65%) case of cirrhosis, of which 64.6% were men. During the last 5 years the percentage of coexistance of hepatoma (hepatocellular carcinoma) with cirrhosis was higher 5-year periods (5.8%; 5.4%). Moreover, the same changing interrelation was observed for other malignancies and cirrhosis-higher (15%) in the last period than in the proceeding years (11.1%; 11.3%). The severity of atherosclerotic changes and coexistance of peptic ulcers, gall bladder disease and productive pulmonary tuberculosis in cirrhotic patients were also assessed. Finally the direct causes of these patients' death were discussed.
An incidence and morphology of the CNS congenital malformations in newborn babies and infants were analysed in the consecutive autopsies carried out in 1986-1990, i.e. following Tscharnobyl disaster. The obtained results were compared to those seen in the two earlier periods (1976-1980 and 1981-1986). In 1986-1990, a percentage of autopsies showing congenital CNS malformations increased approximately by two-fold (15%). The highest percentage of such malformations in specific years of the analysed period was noted in 1990 (20%). Central nervous system malformations were more frequent in female sex (57%) than in male sex (43%). In 64% of cases newborn babies were affected. A percentage of CNS malformations coexisting with other congenital malformations increased to 40% in the analysed period of time (from 29.4% in 1976-1985). Meningomyelocele (41%), congenital hydrocephalus (21.5%), multiple anomalies in brain (14%), and anencephaly (12.6%) constituted the most frequent group of CNS malformations. In 1986-1990, an incidence of meningomyelocele increased by more than two-fold (if this anomaly coexisted with hydrocephaly, an increase in the incidence exceeded three-fold), and hydrocephaly as well as an increase in the incidence of anencephaly by 1.5 times in comparison with 1976-1985.
The cell-cell interaction between fibroblasts and alveolar macrophages was examined using a co-culture system. Alveolar macrophages (AM) were harvested from the bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) of rats with papain induced lung emphysema. The BCG-vaccine was applied as a macrophage mobilizing and activating agent. The morphological examinations carried out in scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as the evaluation of the uptake of 3H-thymidine did not show any significant differences between respective co-cultures of fibroblasts and AM isolated both from the lungs of control and experimental animals (treated with BCG or papain, and BCG+papain). However, significant growth were noted in 3H-thymidine uptake between fibroblast cultures done with or without cells isolated from the lungs. The results obtained suggest that AM can promote fibroblast proliferation during the progression of experimental lung emphysema.
Morphological (in light and transmission electron microscope) as well as morphometrical analysis of the lungs was performed on experimental, papain-induced lung emphysema. Development of emphysematous changes was studied seven days after a single intratracheal instillation of papain solution. The effect of alveolar macrophages (AM) activation by BCG-vaccine on changes in pulmonary tissue was analyzed. In the rats given BCG the number of AM increased and demonstrated enhanced activity. Increase in reticulin fibre density in places of AM cumulation, particularly in BCG+papain-treated rats was observed. The lungs of animals treated with BCG+papain showed enhancing of emphysema comparing with the papain-treated rats. Development of emphysematous changes, especially in BCG+papain-treated rats coexisted with cumulation of activated alveolar macrophages and collagen fibres as well as type II alveolar epithelial cells proliferation. Our data support the inflammatory-repair hypothesis of emphysema pathogenesis and indicate that AM regulate collagen production in the lung. Type II alveolar epithelial cells seem be important in lung injury and repair.
Retrospective analysis is presented for the diagnoses basing on brushing cytology and biopsy histology in 362 patients selected from the total number of 8600 cytologic examinations of gastric mucosa performed in this Department in the years 1984-1992. Endoscopy suggested neoplasma in 58 cases, peptic ulcer in 146 and gastritis in 158 cases. In 64 cytologic specimens neoplastic cells were found (17.7%). Histologic evaluation, in addition to brushing cytology, was possible in 316 cases; in 186 on gastroscopy, in 82 in surgical specimens, in 48 on postmortem. In one case only of positive brushing cytology the diagnosis of cancer was confirmed (1.7%). In 16 cases (8.2%) the brushing cytology is stressed, especially in monitoring subjects of high risk.
Effective doses of sodium valproate (200 mg/kg) applied in rats chronically (1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months) evoked the first morphological changes in the brain hemispheres after 9 months of drug administration. Structural abnormalities of the brain tissue consisted in disseminated nonspecific neuronal lesions and patchy nerve cell loss, more pronounced in the final phase of the experiment. The neuronal lesions were localized predominantly in the 3rd and 5th layers of the neocortex and in the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus. They were accompanied by vascular wall alterations, perivascular tissue damage, as well as by microvacuolar changes and spongy degeneration of the subpial and periventricular regions. Vasogenic character of parenchymal changes is stressed by the authors. The possible influence of liver damage on the development of brain pathology is discussed.
An analysis was done of 1084 autopsies of children and adolescents up to 18 years of age carried out in the years 1986-1990. In the analysed period 631 cases were found of pneumonia (P) (58.2% autopsies) which was an increase of about 14% in relation to the years 1976-1985. Pneumonia was most frequently observed in the age range 1-12 months. It was the direct cause of death (primary pneumonia--PP) in 130 cases (11.9% autopsies) while in 501 cases (46.2%) it accompanied other primary diseases (secondary pneumonia--SP). In relation to the years 1976-1985 a decrease was observed of the per cent of autopsies with the diagnosis of PP (from 19.5% to 11.9%), as well as a significant increase of the per cent of SP) from 25.1% to 46.2%).
Primary and metastatic malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the alimentary tract is uncommon, even though it is the most frequently diagnosed malignant soft tissue tumor in adults. In this report, we describe a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the colon.
A rare case of acute myelosclerosis has been described in a 20-year-old man. Based upon literature data and our own studies a clinical and morphological analysis of the case was presented. The pathogenesis of the disease was also discussed.
The authors retrospectively analysed 901 autopsy protocols of children up to 1 year in years 1986-1990. Congenital malformations were presented in 364 cases (40.4%). The most frequent anomalies were: multiple anomalies-32.7%, the cardiovascular malformations -32.1% and malformations of nervous system-22.2%. 235 (64.8%) cases of congenital malformations were presented in neonates. There was no significant difference in incidence of congenital malformations between girls and boys. The frequency of congenital anomalies in autopsy material increased from 27.5% (1976-1985) to 40.4% (1986-1990).
The authors made a quantitative analysis of the active hematopoietic tissue of the bone marrow with particular consideration of its atrophy in the course of various diseases. The material consisted of 407 non-selected autopsy cases. For a morphometric analysis the bone marrow was sampled from the sternum, ala ossis illi and spine. In the quantitative analysis of the active hematopoietic tissue we took into account age groups as quantitative changes appear with age. Atrophy of the bone marrow was in 19.4% of the studied cases. The presence of bone marrow atrophy was found in the course of various diseases, most frequently neoplastic, particularly in patients aged from 50 to 59 years.