Biomedical subjects

M Sohmiya

Publications and source records attributed to M Sohmiya.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

[Fluctuations of physical function affected by sleep-awake rhythm--endocrine system].

Pituitary hormone secretion is changed by sleep-awake rhythm, which also regulates by the hypothalamo-pituitary axis. The endocrine rhythm is also affected by such factors as aging and environment conditions. Nocturnal secretion of growth hormone is known to be induced by slow-wave sleep. Plasma prolactin levels seem to increase during REM sleep. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone levels increase during the night. Plasma adrenocorticotropin and cortisol levels increase in the early morning and decreased in the night, which are not related to the sleep stage. The sleep-related hormone secretion is not shown in the patients with disordered hypothalamo-pituitary axis. The evaluation of sleep-related changes in pituitary hormone is important to assess the hypothalamo-pituitary function.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗

PubMed1997

Neuronal protection from apoptosis by pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is known to have trophic effects on neurons. Apoptosis of PC12 cells was induced by depletion of serum and nerve growth factor (NGF) from culture medium. Not only high potassium-induced Ca2+ channel activation but PACAP-38 at physiological concentrations (10[-10] to 10[-8] M) protected PC12 cells from apoptosis. PACAP-38 increased Ca2+ uptake and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in PC12 cells. The effects of PACAP-38 on cell survival and Ca2+ channels were eliminated by inhibitors for Ca2+ channels and protein kinase A, and mimicked by 8-bromo-cAMP. Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity was stimulated by PACAP-38. These findings implicate that PACAP protects PC12 cells from apoptosis by activating Ca2+ channels via the cAMP-protein kinase A pathway to stimulate MAP kinase cascade.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗

PubMed1997

Effects of rat galanin and galanin message associated peptide (GMAP) on rat growth hormone secretion and stimulating effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid on galanin release from rat hypothalamus.

Immunoreactive galanin and galanin message associated peptide (GMAP) were detectable in rat hypothalamus in the concentration of 563 +/- 23 and 14.3 +/- 3.1 fmol/hypothalamus, respectively. gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) elicited a dose-related increase in galanin release from rat hypothalamic fragments, which was inhibited by picrotoxin, a GABA antagonist. Growth hormone (GH) secretion from rat anterior pituitary cells were stimulated by rat galanin, but not by GMAP. These findings suggest that hypothalamic galanin, but not GMAP, may play roles in GH secretion induced by GABAergic mechanisms in the rat.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1997

Clinical courses and thyroid conditions in three infants born to a mother with thyroid stimulating-blocking antibodies.

The clinical courses including thyroid conditions of three infants born to a mother with primary hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis were studied. The mother was positive for both TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulins (TBII) and thyroid stimulating-blocking antibodies (TSBAb) in her serum. The first infant died because of septic shock due to fistula formation between the large intestine and the bladder. Serum thyroid hormone levels during the first pregnancy were extremely low because of incomplete replacement therapy with levothyroxine. The second infant had almost normal thyroid function, so that the replacement therapy was not necessary. The third infant had transient and overt primary hypothyroidism. The replacement therapy was carried out for six months after birth. TSBAb activities in this mother were high in the third pregnancy. In general, these activities gradually increases with the clinical course in TSBAb-positive Hashimoto's patients. From these findings, it was suspected that the thyroid conditions in the second and the third infants reflected the natural course of TSBAb activities in this mother.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Histopathological improvement of acromegalic cardiomyopathy by intermittent subcutaneous infusion of octreotide.

We studied functional and histopathological changes in acromegalic cardiomyopathy following intermittent subcutaneous infusion of octreotide. A 68-year-old female patient with acromegaly associated with congestive heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy was initially treated with cardioactive medication for three months, but it was not effective in correcting echocardiographic abnormalities. Further treatment with intermittent subcutaneous infusion of octreotide (20 microg/2 h) for 12 months not only reduced circulating GH and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels but also considerably improved histopathological changes in the myocardial specimen biopsied. These findings provide the first evidence of the favorable effect of octreotide on histopathological changes in acromegalic cardiomyopathy.

Acromegaly↗

PubMed1996

Unique case of growth hormone (GH) deficiency accompanied by clinical anophthalmia, hypoplastic orbits, digital dysplasia, short stature, obesity, and diabetes mellitus.

A 43-year-old female was admitted to our hospital for polydipsia and hyperglycemia. She had total blindness and globes were not recognized by inspection, indicating clinical anophthalmia. Physical examination revealed short stature, obesity, prematurely gray hair, shortness of fingers and toes, syndactyly, and multiple dental caries. Laboratory examination showed hyperglycemia, increased glycosilated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and insulin resistance on euglycemic glucose clamp. Blunted growth hormone (GH) secretion was shown in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, arginine infusion, and GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) loading test, and in 24 h spontaneous GH profile. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) showed dysostosis of orbit, defect of optic nerve, enlarged suprasellar cistern, and prolonged pituitary stalk. This may be the first report of a unique case with GH deficiency accompanied by clinical anophthalmia, hypoplastic orbits, digital dysplasia, short stature, obesity, and diabetes mellitus.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed1996

Short-term treatment with different doses of human growth hormone in adult patients with growth hormone deficiency.

We studied the effects of short-term replacement with human GH at three doses (0.124, 0.250 and 0.375 IU/kgBW/week) in 12 adult patients with GH deficiency (GHD). The patients were divided at random into three groups of 4 patients (groups A, B and C) and each group was treated with three doses of GH and placebo for 10 weeks in shifts of two weeks each. The replacement was started with one of three doses of GH given sc daily at 2100 h for 2 weeks, which was followed by placebo treatment for 2 weeks. The various doses of GH and placebo were then given alternately. GH treatment increased serum IGF-I and IGF-BP3 levels in all the patients examined although the responses were partly influenced by the order of GH treatment. When the data obtained with the same doses of GH in the three groups were combined, a dose-response was demonstrated. There was a close correlation (r = 0.726) between serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3. Serum triiodothyronine as well as non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels also increased after GH replacement. Adverse side effects included edema in two cases and sleep distress in one case during the GH treatment at the highest dose of 0.375 IU/kgBW/week. These findings indicate that short-term replacement with GH at the doses of 0.125 and 0.250 IU/kgBW/ week is safe and effective in adult patients with GHD.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Increased serum human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels following intravenous infusion of high-dose methylprednisolone.

Serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) level were measured for 24 h in 6 patients with hematological disorders and two patients with Graves' disease associated with malignant exophthalmos after iv infusion of high-dose methylprednisolone (HDMP) (20 mg/kg BW) for 2 h starting at 0900 h. Saline solution (500 ml) was infused iv for 2 h as a control on two days before starting the HDMP therapy. Serum G-CSF levels increased with the mean peak values at 4 h after the HDMP therapy (mean +/- SD: 488.1 +/- 125.8 pg/ml vs. saline control 74.4 +/- 21.9 pg/ml, P < 0.01). Circulating absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) also increased with the mean peak values at 24 h after the HDMP (6,057 +/- 1,460 / microliters vs. saline control 2,007 +/- 390 / microliters, P < 0.025). These findings indicate that glucocorticoid has a stimulating effect on G-CSF release and that the increased G-CSF release could be involved, at least partly, in neutrophilia induced by glucocorticoid.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

A case of Sheehan's syndrome associated with severe anemia and empty sella proved 48 years after postpartum hemorrhage.

A 68-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for severe normochromic and normocytic anemia. She had a history of prolonged postpartum hemorrhage at the age of 20 yr. Her menses were resumed thereafter and she gave birth to two other children, but her lactation was poor. She had no subjective symptom until the age of 63 yr when she complained of weakness and cold intolerance. Laboratory examination at admission revealed severe anemia (Hb 7.2 g/dl) with relatively low serum erythropoietin (EPO 20.4 mIU/ml) and panhypopituitarism. Empty sella was also found by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Hb levels were corrected by replacement with levothyroxine (75 micrograms/day) and hydrocortisone (10 mg/day), which was accompanied by an increase in serum EPO levels. These findings indicate that this is a very rare case of Sheehan's syndrome with severe anemia and empty sella proved at the longest reported interval of 48 yr after the provoking delivery, and that serum EPO levels are increased by replacement with glucocorticoid and thyroxine in panhypopituitarism.

Anemia↗

PubMed1995

Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency associated with growth hormone deficiency and empty sella.

A 38-year-old man had an acute onset of consciousness loss, pyrexia and hyponatremia. Plasma Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels were low. Plasma ACTH failed to respond to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and insulin-induced hypoglycemia whereas i.m. injection of ACTH-Z raised plasma cortisol. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and urine growth hormone (GH) concentrations were also low and plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level was rather elevated. Plasma IGF-I and TSH levels were not completely normalized by glucocorticoid (GC) replacement alone although plasma GH responses to pharmacological stimuli were normalized. The GC replacement in combination with daily s.c. injection of recombinant human GH (rhGH) not only normalized plasma IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels, but also further lowered the plasma TSH level, possibly due to an increased T4/T3 conversion, which resulted in a beneficial change in body composition.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗

PubMed1994

Body composition assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and the correlation with plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in normal Japanese subjects and patients with acromegaly and GH deficiency.

Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in 100 Japanese normal adults, 9 patients with acromegaly and 11 patients with growth hormone (GH) deficiency. Body weight (BW) was greater in normal males than in normal females. Percent body fat (BF/BW) was greater in females than in males and was increased with age in both sexes. Percent total body water (TBW/BW) was less in females than in males. Although percent extracellular water (ECW/BW) was not different between both sexes, the ECW/TBW ratio was greater in females than in males. Percent body cell mass (BCM/BW) was lower in females than in males. The patients with acromegaly had a lower percent BF but a higher percent TBW, percent ECW and ECW/TBW ratio than normal subjects, while the patients with GH deficiency had a higher percent BF and ECW/TBW ratio, but lower percent TBW. Percent body cell mass (BCM/BW) was higher in acromegaly and lower in GH deficiency than in normals. There was a negative correlation (r = -0.62) between plasma IGF-I levels and percent BF, whereas a positive correlation (r = 0.51) was found between the plasma IGF-I level and percent BCM. It is suggested, therefore, that body composition is affected by sex and age in normals, and by GH secretion in patients with pituitary dysfunction. Plasma IGF-I levels may be one of the factors responsible for alterations in body composition.

Acromegaly↗

PubMed1994

Isolated adrenocorticotrophin deficiency associated with anti-pituitary antibodies, pituitary cyst, sphenoidal cyst and pineal tumor.

This paper reports a rare case of isolated ACTH deficiency associated with anti-pituitary antibodies, pituitary cyst, sphenoidal cyst and pineal tumor. A 68-year-old man consulted our clinic for general fatigue. Laboratory data showed low plasma adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and cortisol levels with blunted responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF). Urinary 17-OHCS was low but responded to ACTH-Z administration. No other pituitary functions were impaired. Antibodies to the cytoplasm of rat pituitary and the surface of GH3 cells were detected in the serum. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a high signal intensity mass in the anterior pituitary and in the sphenoidal sinus in both T1 and T2 weighted images as well as a low signal intensity mass in a T1 weighted image of the pineal region. Transsphenoidal surgery was performed to resect the mass in the sphenoid sinus and in the pituitary. Pathological studies showed a benign cyst in the sphenoid sinus, and fibrous degeneration and decreased basophils in the pituitary. No infiltrative mononuclear cells were detected in the pituitary. Immunohistochemical studies revealed a decrease in the number of ACTH-producing cells in the pituitary. The patient was well maintained by glucocorticoid replacement without any growth of a possibly benign pineal tumor.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗

PubMed1992

Renal clearance, metabolic clearance rate, and half-life of human growth hormone in young and aged subjects.

We studied the renal clearance, MCR, and half-life of the synthetic 22K form of human GH [recombinant hGH (rhGH)] in seven healthy young and five aged men by means of the constant iv infusion technique. rhGH was infused at a rate of 2 micrograms/kg.2 mL/h for 150 min, after which its disappearance was followed for 50 min. Changes in GH levels in plasma and urine were measured by a highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay. The mean (+/- SD) renal clearance of GH was significantly greater in the aged group than in the young group (14.3 +/- 2.5 vs. 4.2 +/- 1.0 microL/min; P < 0.05). The mean MCR was greater in the young group than in the aged group (187.1 +/- 43.7 vs. 120.5 +/- 39.5 mL/min; P < 0.05), but the MCR adjusted for body weight was not different between the two groups (2.9 +/- 0.6 vs. 2.3 +/- 0.8 mL/min.kg). No difference was noted in the half-life of GH between the two groups (13.8 +/- 0.9 vs. 14.2 +/- 0.4 min). These findings indicate that GH reabsorption from the renal tubule may be impaired in elderly subjects, but the disappearance rate of GH is not influenced by age.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Effects of aging and sex on plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels in normal adults.

Effects of aging and sex on total plasma IGF-I levels were studied in 207 normal adults (103 males and 104 females), aged 21 to 80 years. Plasma IGF-I concentrations were measured by specific radioimmunoassay after extraction with acid-ethanol. Plasma IGF-I levels ranged from 50.8 to 480.6 micrograms/l with a mean (+/- SD) value of 200.7 +/- 81.9 micrograms/l in these normal adults. The mean plasma IGF-I levels were higher in females than in males in the second decade (332.6 +/- 63.9 vs 252.4 +/- 45.2 micrograms/l, p less than 0.01), whereas there was no sex difference in plasma IGF-I levels in elderly subjects. In both sexes, plasma IGF-I levels declined with age. In females, the slope of the regression line was much steeper in the young group (aged 21 to 40 years) than in the middle-aged and elderly group (aged 41 to 80 years) (y = -11.3x + 641.7, r = -0.538, p less than 0.005 and y = -1.97x + 289.3, r = -0.308, p less than 0.01). In males, plasma IGF-I linearly declined with age and the slope of the regression line (y = -2.36x + 322.2, r = -0.480, p less than 0.005) was not considerably different from that of the middle-aged and elderly group in females.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Age-related structural changes in the human midbrain: an MR image study.

We measured midbrain structures of 194 subjects without neurological disorders, using T2-weighted MR imaging. Age was negatively correlated with the maximum anteroposterior distance of the midbrain through the substantia nigra (MD), and the average distance from the substantia nigra to the red nucleus (SNRND), while a positive correlation was found between aging and the maximum distance of the substantia nigra (SND). Significant left-right differences were revealed in MD, SND, SNRND and the area of the red nucleus (RNA), which was possibly responsible for cerebral hemispheric dominance or handedness. There were gender differences in MD and the maximum interpeduncular distance (IPD) in age-matched groups. Age-related structural changes of the midbrain may have a close relation to a decline in motor performance with aging. These findings provide essential information to evaluate the MR images of neurodegenerative disorders.

Age Distribution↗