[Nephropexy in the course of time. Aspects of an historical surgical technique].
The first successful nephropexy was performed in the year 1881. From this time, surgical therapy of nephroptosis has always been a subject of discussion. A partly uncritical acceptance led to nephropexy being the most performed urological operation at the beginning of the 20th century, with up to 200 different surgical variations. As early as the 15th century, a first description of ren mobilis was made by Alessius de Pedemontanus. The first surgical intervention for the treatment of nephroptosis was performed by Gilmore in 1870. In 1877, the American Dowell from New Orleans tried a fixation of the kidney through a seton, however, this operation failed. Eventually in 1881, Eugen Hahn from Berlin was able to perform the first successful nephropexy, he named this method "nephroraphy". In 1882, the first modification was made by Bassini with sutures through the renal capsule. Finally, the gynaecologist George Edebohl led nephropexy into a great popularity and secured the method through numerous technical innovations. By 1936, approximately 170 different surgical methods existed for fixation of the kidney. An accurate diagnosis is imperative before performing nephropexy. There were times in which this operation was carried out much too often and, therefore, had a bad reputation. However, it is not correct to drop nephropexy altogether as some would prefer. The statement by Professor Voelcker from Halle in the year 1911 that for all those who have a urinary obstruction and those with a beginning dilation, nephropexy is still justified and may - when correctly performed provide many blessings". Nothing needs to be added to this.