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Biomedical subjects

M Sokoloff

Publications and source records attributed to M Sokoloff.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Conservative management of chylous ascites after removal of a symptomatic growing retroperitoneal teratoma.

BACKGROUND: Chylous ascites as a postoperative complication of gynecologic surgery is uncommon. Cases usually occur from trauma to the lymphatic system during retroperitoneal dissection. Initial management includes paracentesis with institution of a low-fat, medium-chain triglyceride diet and total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Surgical intervention may be required. CASE: A 19-year-old female patient with a history of an immature teratoma treated with chemotherapy presented with a retroperitoneal mass. Removal of the mass revealed mature teratoma and resulted in chylous ascites formation. Multiple paracenteses were performed in conjunction with dietary modification and TPN. Three months after the patient's surgery, the ascites spontaneously resolved. CONCLUSION: Although surgical intervention is recommended after failure of conservative management, this case demonstrates that damage to the cisterna chyli may spontaneously resolve.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Defining the biologic role of genes that regulate prostate cancer metastasis.

Metastasis is the most lethal attribute of a cancer. There is a critical need for markers that will accurately distinguish those histologic lesions and disseminated cells that have a high probability of causing clinically important metastatic disease from those cells that will remain indolent. Despite the explosion in new information regarding the genetics of cancer, only six human genes have thus far been shown to functionally suppress metastasis. The present review and perspective describes the evolving view of the mechanisms that regulate metastasis, and the importance of metastasis-suppressor genes in this process. Specifically, the clinical problem of metastatic prostate cancer, the identification of metastatic colonization as a therapeutic target, and the identification and functional characterization of prostate cancer metastasis-suppressor genes are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Prostate tissue specificity of the prostate-specific antigen promoter isolated from a patient with prostate cancer.

We have cloned and characterized a 620-bp fragment of DNA that flanks 5' of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gene from a prostate cancer patient. Using DNA transfection, the efficacy of this putative promoter in regulating gene expression was quantitated in several prostate and nonprostate tissue cell lines. Our results demonstrated that the 620-dp DNA fragment actively drives gene expression in LNCaP, a PSA-producing prostate tumor cell line. No promoter activity was detected in the non-PSA-producing prostate tumor lines, DU145 and PC-3, nor in a renal (R11) or breast (MCF-7) cancer cell line. Furthermore, the promoter activity could be regulated in vitro by androgen stimulation. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations between 3 and 30 nM induced the highest promoter activity in the transfected LNCaP cells, which parallels the expression profile of the androgen receptor in LNCaP cells. In addition, our PSA promoter exhibited competitive inhibition of the endogenous genomic PSA promoter in transfected LNCaP cells, suggesting that prostate cell-specific DNA-binding proteins are required to activate the PSA promoter. increased its potency four- to five-fold while retaining tissue specificity. Our data suggest that a strong tissue-specific negative regulatory element capable of overriding the nonspecific CMV promoter is present in the PSA promoter and confers its tissue specificity. The use of a highly specific promoter-driven gene vector will allow selective expression of therapeutic genes within PSA-producing prostate cancer cells, providing a unique strategy for prostate cancer gene therapy.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1993

The effect of nerve growth factor on cholinergic cells in primary fetal striatal cultures: characterization by in situ hybridization.

In situ hybridization using 35S-labeled antisense oligonucleotide probes for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and m1 and m2 muscarinic receptors was employed to monitor the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on cholinergic cells in mixed neuronal-glial striatal brain cultures prepared from E16/E17 rat embryos. In cultures treated with NGF, cells reactive to the ChAT oligonucleotide probe were significantly larger than cells in untreated cultures. In addition, there was a significant increase in the number of silver grains over reactive cells in cultures exposed for 9-10 days to exogeneous NGF. Similar results were obtained with an oligonucleotide probe specific for m2 muscarinic receptors: in NGF-treated cultures, cells reactive to the m2 receptor probe were significantly larger and had more silver grains than cells from non-treated cultures. On the other hand, no significant effect of NGF on cell size or on the number of grains was observed for cells reactive to an m1 muscarinic receptor probe. These results demonstrate that NGF specifically increases the transcription of genes (ChAT and m2 muscarinic receptor) the expression of which is associated with cholinergic neurons, promoting the growth of this particular type of neuron.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

PZ-51 (Ebselen) in vivo protection against adriamycin-induced mouse cardiac and hepatic lipid peroxidation and toxicity.

Adriamycin (Adr)-induced cardiotoxicity occurs most likely via an oxidative mechanism of action. Moderation of this activity may result in an improved therapeutic index for this compound. PZ-51, 2-phenyl-1,2-benzoisoselenazol-3(2H)-one, is a selenoorganic compound with thiol-dependent, peroxidase-like activity. We tested this compound alone and in combination with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for its effect on Adr-induced in vivo toxicity in Balb/c mice. These studies demonstrated that PZ-51 protects against Adr-induced lipid peroxidation in heart and liver tissue and Adr-induced toxicity in general, as measured by total serum creatine kinase activity and body weight.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of serum albumin in older adults. A need for specification of the assay method.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the difference between two colorimetric methods for serum albumin determination, bromocresol purple (BCP) and bromcresol green (BCG), in patients hospitalized in a geriatric hospital. DESIGN: Prospective study of consecutive blood samples. SETTING: A 200-bed Geriatric Division of a university-affiliated geriatric-psychiatric hospital. PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS: All serum albumin determinations were obtained from patients hospitalized in the geriatric division during a 3-month period, November 1999 through January 2000. All albumin determinations were performed by two methods: BCP and BCG. RESULTS: A total of 326 serum albumin determinations were performed during the study period. The average serum albumin levels observed were 28.2+/-7.5 g/L and 37.6+/-7.2 g/L for the BCP and BCG methods, respectively. Using the BCP method, 80.1% of serum albumin levels were below 35.0 g/L (cutoff point for hypoalbuminemia) versus 41.1% using the BCG method. CONCLUSIONS: The widespread use of both BCG and BCP and the marked clinical implications of their alternative use underscores the importance of specifying the method employed in determination of serum albumin in routine laboratory analyses. Moreover, physicians need to be aware of which procedure is being used in their hospital.

Journal Article↗