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Biomedical subjects

M Stanford

Publications and source records attributed to M Stanford.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

A graph theory model of the semantic structure of attitudes.

The semantic structure underlying the attitudes of pretreatment and posttreatment drug addicts was modeled using a network analysis of free word associations. Measures of graph theoretic properties were used to assess structural differences in the associative networks of the two populations. These measures modeled the information processes of associative networks proposed in the spreading activation theory of semantic processing. As expected based on graph theory, the structure of the associative networks of posttreatment subjects was more dense, less constrained, and more hierarchically organized by the self concept. In a test of the network model, the subjects' evaluations of concepts in the associative network were found to be a function of their evaluations of semantically similar concepts. Although preliminary and limited, the results suggest that graph theory may provide a broad mathematical foundation for diverse models of cognitive systems.

Attitude↗
PubMed1992

Antibody affinity to retinal S-antigen in patients with retinal vasculitis.

Using a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent antibody method that included dissociation of antigen antibody complexes with sodium thiocyanate, we examined the functional affinity of antibody to retinal S-antigen in 48 patients with retinal vasculitis and 46 age-matched healthy control subjects. Antibody affinity was markedly lower in patients with retinal vasculitis than in healthy subjects. Low-affinity antibody was more prevalent in acute retinal vasculitis and in patients with normal levels of circulating immune complexes. We found distinct differences between the antiretinal antibodies found in patients with retinal vasculitis and those in control subjects. The association of low-affinity antibody with normal levels of circulating immune complexes may suggest defective regulation of antiretinal autoimmunity and have important pathogenic implications.

Antibody Affinity↗
PubMed1992

Induction of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in Lewis rats with purified recombinant human retinal S-antigen fusion protein.

Full-length human retinal cDNA for S antigen (S-ag) and for the alpha subunit of transducin (alpha-Td) were subcloned into a bacterial expression plasmid vector to generate recombinant fusion proteins with glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The recombinant GST-S-ag and rGST-alpha-Td fusion proteins were purified from bacterial extracts by continuous flow preparative gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions, and were assessed for their ability to induce experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). Immunization of Lewis rats with single doses of 10 micrograms-100 micrograms rGST-S-ag in Freund's complete adjuvant supplemented with Bordetella pertussis readily induced clinical signs of EAU. Immunization with GST alone did not induce EAU indicating that disease activity was ascribable to the S-ag residues in the fusion protein. Although the alpha-Td shares limited sequence homology with S-ag, the rGST-alpha-Td fusion protein was also not uveitogenic in Lewis rats. The clinical severity of EAU in Lewis rats sensitized with rGST-S-ag was found to be milder than that induced with native S-ag preparations purified from human retina. However, humoral antibody responses to sensitization with the recombinant S-ag fusion protein were of a higher magnitude than with native S-ag. The availability of recombinant preparations of human S-ag protein will be of value in studying its processing and presentation to T cells derived from patients with autoimmune retinal vasculitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Systemic inflammatory disease and the eye.

Systemic inflammatory diseases are a spectrum of immunologically mediated disorders that present with multisystem symptoms and signs. Ophthalmological examination often provides important clinical clues to the nature of the underlying disorder and characteristic ocular patterns may be identified that aid diagnosis. This article summarizes the ocular manifestations of systemic inflammatory disease and suggests a rational approach to diagnosis based on the type of ocular vessel predominantly involved in the inflammatory process.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1977

NMR in cancer: XVII. dewar for a 53-inch superconducting NMR magnet.

A giant nitrogen-jacketed liquid-helium metal dewar built in this laboratory is described for housing 53-inch superconducting magnet used in the human FONAR experiments. This dewar is 10 feet tall, 6 feet wide, 18 inches deep, and weighs 1 1/2 tons. It consists of the main magnet hoop connected through a demountable gooseneck to a liquid helium reservoir tank.

Electromagnetic Phenomena↗
PubMed1977

NMR in cancer: XVIII. A superconductive NMR magnet for a human sample.

A 53-inch superconducting magnet built in our laboratory for human-size NMR is described. It was made from .026 inches superconducting wire laid on a 2.5-inch piece of channel bar that had been rolled into a 53-inch diameter circle and butt-welded at the ends.

Electromagnetic Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CARD15 polymorphisms in Behçet's disease.

BACKGROUND: Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic multi-system inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology, which shares many features of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). CARD15 has recently been identified as the first susceptibility gene in Crohn's disease (CD). OBJECTIVE: Given certain clinical and pathological similarities between CD and BD, and recent evidence of linkage of BD to the CARD15 genomic region, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of CARD15 variants in determining susceptibility to BD. METHODS: We studied 374 BD patients from three ethnically homogeneous cohorts (white English, Turkish, and Middle Eastern Arabs of Palestinian and Jordanian descent). Mutation detection of CARD15 was performed by direct sequencing in a subset of patients from each group and the identified variants were genotyped in the complete cohorts. Case-control analyses were carried out with additional stratification by the BD-associated allele, HLA-B*51. RESULTS: Mutation detection identified six previously described CARD15 polymorphisms at a frequency of > 3%. Additionally, two of the three CD-associated polymorphisms were present, but at low frequency. The frequency of haplotypes, constructed from nine genotyped polymorphisms, demonstrated significant variation between different ethnic groups. However, case-control analyses demonstrated no association between the CARD15 polymorphisms and susceptibility to BD, irrespective of HLA-B*51 status. CONCLUSION: CARD15 variant alleles are not associated with susceptibility to BD. Other shared loci, currently under investigation, may determine susceptibility to both CD and BD.

Arabs↗