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M Stoeppler

Publications and source records attributed to M Stoeppler.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Determination of thallium in sediments of the River Elbe using isotope dilution mass spectrometry with thermal ionization.

By using isotope dilution mass spectrometry with thermal ionization, TI concentrations were determined in sediments from six sampling positions of the River Elbe in the area of the former GDR (Bad Schandau, Dresden, Barby, Magdeburg, Werben/Havel and Cumlosen). For comparison, two samples from the River Rhine near Emmerich taken in 1978 and 1990 and the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) certified reference material (CRM) 320 River Sediment were also analysed. Thallium concentrations after complete decomposition by high-pressure digestion (HNO3 + HF) and aqua regia [HCI-HNO3 (3 + 1)] ranged from 537 micrograms kg-1 in the BCR CRM 320 to 5192 micrograms kg-1 in the River Rhine sediment (1978) near Emmerich. The reproducibility of the method ranged from 0.06 to 4.7%. Only 49-94% of the total amount of TI was found after extraction with 1 mol dm-3 HNO3 and 43-86% after extraction with aqua regia. Sediments from Dresden, Barby, Werben/Havel and Cumlosen were found to have virtually identical TI concentrations as the River Rhine sediment sampled in 1990. In comparison with the extremely high Hg and As concentrations found in the River Elbe in an earlier study, the TI concentrations were not as high as expected.

Fresh Water↗
PubMed1992

Nonoccupational determinants of blood lead concentrations in a general population.

We investigated the influence of various nonoccupational factors on blood lead levels (PbB) in a sample from the general population of southern Germany. Some 1703 men and 1661 women, aged 28-67 years, were examined in the first follow-up examination of the MONICA Augsburg cohort study in 1987-1988. Their mean PbB was 90 micrograms/l (SD:35.9) for men and 65 micrograms/l (26.4) for women. Only 5% of the men and 1% of all women exceeded a PbB level of 150 micrograms/l indicating low-level lead exposure in this population. Blood lead was significantly associated with haematocrit values (P < 0.001) and the shape of this association was curvilinear. Per gram of alcohol consumed, intake of beer had a lower impact on PbB than wine, presumably due to differential lead content in these alcoholic beverages. The alcohol-PbB associations were stronger for women than for men. The impact of smoking was generally moderate but again more prominent in women. In particular, the covariate adjusted odds ratios for women of childbearing age (28-47 years) to have PbB levels above 100 micrograms/l were 2.5 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-4.7) for smoking versus non-smoking females, 2.6 (95% CI: 1.1-6.0) for women drinking up to 40 g alcohol/day compared to abstainers, and 8.9 (95% CI: 3.2-25.1) for those drinking more than 40 g alcohol/day. Other factors like age, body mass, rural place of residence, and education or job position, had only minor influences on PbB. We conclude that haematocrit values should always be considered as potential confounders in low-level lead exposure research. High alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking are strongly related to elevated blood lead concentrations in the general population and may thereby convey additional health hazards such as impaired child development or blood pressure elevations. This deserves proper public health recognition [corrected].

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Hyperparathyroidism and abnormal 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 metabolism in experimental lead intoxication.

Clinical evidence points to disturbed calcium metabolism in lead (Pb) intoxication. To further clarify the mechanisms involved, serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D3, receptors for 1,25(OH)2D3 as well as size and ultrastructure of parathyroid glands were examined in Wistar Kyoto rats exposed to 1% lead (Pb) acetate in drinking water for 10 weeks (short-term study) or 0.001-1% Pb acetate for 24 weeks (long-term study). After administration of Pb for 10 weeks, bone Pb was significantly increased (641 +/- 66.9 (SD) vs. 0.648 +/- 0.39 mg kg-1 ash in controls). Total serum calcium and ionized Ca2+ (1.15 +/- 0.031 vs. 1.25 +/- 0.03 mmol l-1) were significantly decreased. Renal function (Ccr) was unchanged, but urinary cAMP excretion and circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 (177 +/- 10.9 vs. 232 +/- 18.9 pmol l-1) were diminished. Specific binding of 1,25(OH)2D3 was increased in parathyroids (Bmax 128 +/- 4.7 vs. 108 +/- 0.6 fmol mg-1 protein) and intestinal muscosa; Bmax failed to adequately rise in response to pretreatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 (2 x 10 ng day-1 for 4 d) in Pb-exposed animals. Receptor characteristics (sedimentation constant, KD, DNA affinity) were unchanged. Parathyroid weight was significantly increased (178 +/- 25 vs. 96 +/- 34 micrograms) with no change of estimated nuclear volume, cell volume or cell ultrastructure. After 24 weeks of Pb exposure, a dose-dependent but non-linear increase of parathyroid weight was noted between 0.001% and 1% Pb in drinking fluid. The present study documents secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with, and presumably caused by, hypocalcaemia and low 1,25(OH)2D3 levels, in experimental Pb intoxication.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Mobilizable lead in patients with chronic renal failure.

Blood lead (Pb) and urinary Pb before and after i.v. infusion of 1 g of Na2Ca EDTA were determined (atomic absorption) in 46 control subjects and 91 patients with various stages of renal failure (median serum creatinine 2.5 mg dl-1). Under baseline conditions, patients with renal failure had higher blood Pb levels (112 ng ml-1, range 44-272 vs. 76; 36-187 in controls; P less than 0.001) and lower urinary Pb (16.2 nmol 24 h-1 1.73 m-2, 4.86-66.8 vs. 33; 11-91 in controls; P = 0.001). The increment in urinary Pb after EDTA infusion (mobilizable Pb) was higher (795 nmol 4 days-1 1.73 m-2, range 155-5611 vs. 307; 131-1587 in controls; P = 0.001). In 12 patients with renal failure (13%) mobilizable Pb was above the highest value in controls. Mobilizable urinary Pb correlated (r = 0.68) significantly (P = 0.001) with blood Pb, but only marginally with serum creatinine (r = 0.32; P less than 0.007). Mobilizable Pb was higher in patients with renal failure and a history of smoking or occupational Pb exposure and tended to be higher in patients with alcoholism. Ten of 91 patients had gout; increased mobilizable Pb was present in three of the 10. The data confirm relatively high prevalence of elevated body Pb burden in European patients with chronic renal failure. The question is unresolved whether Pb plays a role in the progression of renal failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Investigation of the significance of heavy metal contents of blackbird feathers.

The lead, cadmium and zinc in untreated blackbird (Turdus merula L.) feathers is predominantly of exogenous origin. The endogenous concentration is of minor importance. The degree of surface metal pollution depends on exposure time. The exogenous fraction of heavy metals cannot be completely removed by washing procedures. The difference between washed and unwashed feathers is demonstrated by SEM micrographs.

Aging↗
PubMed1987

Patterns of lead excretion in patients with gout and chronic renal failure--a comparative German and Australian study.

The 6 day calcium EDTA lead excretion test was performed on German and Australian subjects with normal and impaired renal function, some of whom had gout, in order to determine if the pattern of results differed between the two countries. The German subjects lived around Heidelberg in an industrialized area where chronic lead nephropathy had not hitherto been thought to exist, while the Australian subjects were all from the State of Queensland where chronic lead nephropathy from the ingestion of lead paint during childhood continues to contribute to morbidity and mortality. Apart from the subjects with normal renal function, the German subjects consistently excreted less lead than the Queensland subjects and a strikingly consistent pattern was found: in both countries, subjects with a history of lead exposure, whether gouty or not, had greater EDTA lead excess values than subjects with gout but no lead exposure, these subjects in turn having greater EDTA lead excess values than subjects with neither gout nor lead exposure. In each country, the highest median EDTA lead excess occurred not in the group with gout and lead exposure, but in the group without gout and with lead exposure.

Australia↗
PubMed1987

Bioaccumulation of metals by bivalves from the Limski Kanal (North Adriatic Sea). IV. Zinc distribution between Mytilus galloprovincialis, Ostrea edulis and ambient water.

From June 1979 to June 1980 the accumulation of zinc by the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the oyster Ostrea edulis, from the Limski Kanal on the west coast of Istria, SR Croatia, Yugoslavia, was determined. The distribution of zinc within tissues and organs of mussels and oysters of the same length was related to the zinc concentration in the ambient water. Three physico-chemical forms of zinc can be distinguished in seawater: "ionic" dissolved (Zn electrochemically determined at the natural pH of seawater); "total" dissolved (Zn determined after sample acidification to pH 2); and particulate Zn (bound to suspended particles with a diameter 0.45 micron). The zinc content of different tissues and organs of both species increased significantly with an increase in their condition factors. Zinc concentration decreased significantly in all body parts of the oyster, but, in the mussel, only the foot was affected. Zinc concentrations in organs that are directly involved in the reproductive cycle showed a seasonal variation. The zinc concentration in the mantle of mussels was significantly and positively correlated with the "ionic" and "total" dissolved zinc content of water. Elevated amounts of particulate material suspended in the ambient water increase the filtration rate, which resulted in an accelerated accumulation of zinc by mussels, but not by oysters. Differences in zinc concentration between samples suggest that the dynamics of accumulation and loss may differ during the year; first, mainly as a consequence of the reproductive cycle in bivalves and the concentration of stimulants for filtration in the surrounding water, and second, by coastal input of Zn and by the amount of metal remobilized from the sediment.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Urinary lead excretion in uremic patients.

Urinary excretion of lead (Pb) was measured in the basal state and following the infusion of EDTA (1g of calcium disodium edetate) in healthy German controls and in patients with chronic renal failure with and without gout. When evaluated with Zeeman-compensated atomic absorption spectroscopy using the L'vov platform and urine pretreated with nitric acid and Triton X-100, the control basal Pb excretion (median 28, range 11-19 nmol Pb/24h) and the postinfusion Pb increment (306, range 131-1,587 nmol/4 days/1.73 m2) were considerably lower than most values reported previously in the literature. Elevated Pb body burden was found in 7 of 8 patients who developed gout in the course of renal failure, but only in 2 of 8 patients who had gout prior to development of renal failure; this confirms that appearance of gout in patients with renal failure points to prior Pb exposure. In 7 of 19 nongouty patients with impaired renal function secondary to known renal diseases, urinary Pb excretion was above the 95th percentile of normal. All these patients had occupational Pb exposure. The high prevalence of elevated Pb body burden in patients with renal failure of known cause may not be coincidental and raises the possibility that Pb adversely affects the course of renal disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Metal analysis in difficult materials with platform furnace Zeeman-atomic absorption spectroscopy. 2. Direct determination of cadmium and lead in milk.

A procedure is described for the direct determination of cadmium and lead in whole milk, skim milk, condensed milk, and human milk. Using a Perkin-Elmer 5000 Z instrument with HGA 500 and L'vov platform and by application of oxygen ashing at approx. 600 degrees C, determination limits of approx. 0.02 microgram/l and 0.7 microgram/l for cadmium and lead, respectively, are attainable. Day-to-day precision is 10% for 0.1 microgram/l of cadmium and 2 micrograms/l of lead. Accuracy control at least at higher levels was possible with DPASV after wet digestion. The contents found with this procedure in cows milk are at the lowest limit of very recent literature data, i.e. on average at 0.05 microgram/l for cadmium and 2 microgram/l for lead for samples from nonpolluted regions. The results indicate that milk does not contribute significantly to heavy metal exposure of man.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Toxic trace metals in food. II. A comparative study of the levels of toxic trace metals in wine by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.

A new high-performance analytical procedure for the determination of the toxic trace metals cadmium, lead and copper in wines by differential pulse anodic-stripping voltammetry (DPASV) subsequent to UV irradiation of the sample is compared with the hitherto more common application of electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). In this manner also mutually the accuracy attainable with both alternatives has been established. The particularly favourable potentialities of the new voltammetric approach for toxic metal control of wines are demonstrated by the investigation of a typical selection of 36 wines from recent vintages and common vine types of the German and some European wine cultivating regions.

Cadmium↗