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M Stokes

Publications and source records attributed to M Stokes.

44 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The effect of high-resistance training on the strength and cross-sectional area of the human quadriceps.

Seventeen volunteers performed unilateral strength-training of the quadriceps with high-resistance, low-repetition, dynamic exercise, thrice weekly for an average of 5 weeks. Both before and after the training period, bilateral measurements were made of isometric quadriceps strength, quadriceps cross-sectional area (by ultrasound scanning), and thigh circumference. There were no significant changes in the untrained thighs. The trained quadriceps increased their isometric strength by more than they changed their cross-sectional area (mean increments = 15% and 6% respectively). Quadriceps hypertrophy was underestimated by measurements of thigh circumference and could not be predicted from them. We conclude that studies of localized muscle growth require direct measurements of the size of the muscle(s) concerned. Nevertheless, these may still underestimate the improvements in strength produced by high-resistance training.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cryptorchidism: a general surgical perspective.

BACKGROUND: The treatment of cryptorchidism has changed, with surgery now advocated before the age of two years. Delayed treatment affects fertility, malignant potential and psychological stress. AIMS: To assess the pattern of referral of cryptorchid patients to a surgical clinic, management and follow-up. METHODS: A four-year review of 114 cryptorchid patients examined age at presentation, waiting time, timing of surgery and length of follow-up. RESULTS: The mean age at presentation to the surgical clinic was 6.7 years (neonatal to 71). The mean age at orchidopexy was 5.6 years. Seventy per cent had a surgical procedure within eight weeks of presentation to a surgeon. Seven per cent were kept under surveillance until a maximum age of three years before orchidopexy was considered. Only 29% proceeded to surgery before the age of two. Seventeen were referred to a paediatric urology unit for further management. CONCLUSIONS: Orchidopexy seems prudent between one and two years of age. Only one-quarter of patients underwent early orchidopexy. It is vital that it is detected early, by paediatricians at birth or the general practitioners (GPs) at the six-week check up. Prompt referral to a surgeon with a paediatric interest is essential in order to permit surveillance or surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Managing faecal retention and incontinence in neurodisability.

The large number of patients with faecal retention and/or incontinence in continuing care wards and rehabilitation units presents a considerable challenge. In order to maintain dignity and minimize the unpleasant odour so commonly associated with these wards and units, effective bowel management should be planned for individual patients. For an effective bowel management regime a team approach should be adopted, involving, where possible, the patient and carer as well as all the health professionals administering the care. Two case studies illustrate the use of assessment and management of bowel problems in patients with severe complex neurodisability. Bowel dysfunction in this patient population, in general, is poorly covered in the literature. The present article, by relating theory to practice, offers information and guidance for nurses working with patients who have bowel-related problems.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cocaine.

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Cause of Death↗