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Biomedical subjects

M Stone

Publications and source records attributed to M Stone.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Cross-sectional tongue shape during the production of vowels.

This study used ultrasound imaging to examine the cross-sectional shape of the tongue during the production of the ten English vowels ( see text ) in two consonant contexts--/p/ and /s/--and at two scan angles--anterior and posterior. Results were compared with models of sagittal tongue shape. A newly built transducer holder and head restraint maintained the ultrasound transducer in a fixed position inferior to the mandible at a chosen location and angle. The transducer was free to move only in a superior/inferior direction, and demonstrated reliable tracking of the jaw. Since the tongue is anisotrophic along its length, anterior and posterior scan angles were examined to identify differences in tongue shape. Similarly, the coarticulatory effects of the sibilant /s/ versus the bilabial /p/ were examined, to assess variability of intrinsic tongue shape for the vowels. Results showed that the subject's midsagittal tongue grooving was almost universal for the vowels. Posterior grooves were deeper than anterior grooves. In /s/ context, posterior tongue grooves were shallower than in /p/ context. Anteriorly, /s/ context caused deeper grooves for low vowels. Cross-sectional tongue shape varied with tongue position similarly to sagittal tongue shape.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Clinical usefulness of an algorithm for the early diagnosis of spinal metastatic disease.

We have previously reported an algorithm that invokes several imaging modalities in the early detection of metastatic and benign disease of the spine in patients with cancer (J Clin Oncol 4:576, 1986). The development of new lesions (shown by Tc99m bone scans) in cancer patients with normal neurological examinations is further evaluated with plain radiographs, spinal computed tomography (CT), and CT myelography (CT-M). Of 60 patients in the original study, 28% were diagnosed as having only benign disease and the remainder had spinal metastases. Thecal sac impingement was seen in 47% of patients with metastatic disease and disruption of the posterior vertebral cortex was noted in all patients with epidural compression. We now report the 2-year follow-up of 55 of these patients. Without treatment, the 17 patients diagnosed with benign disease have shown no evidence of local failure in the spine and median survival is greater than 27 months. Thirty-eight patients diagnosed with spinal metastases had a median survival time of 16.9 months. Radiation therapy directed by CT-M findings provided pain relief in 78% of patients with back pain and metastatic disease. No patient, including 19 with thecal sac impingement, developed clinical myelopathy. These results demonstrate the usefulness of an imaging algorithm for the early identification and distinction of spinal metastatic disease and benign disease in patients with cancer.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1987

Infant safety seat use. Reaching the hard to reach.

We crafted an interactive video infant safety seat (ISS) education program for presentation to postpartum mothers. This program was designed to reach all socioeconomic groups with the message that consistent, correct ISS use is important. The program was further designed to be physically portable, versatile, and affordable and to narrow previously observed differences in correct ISS use between groups of high and low socioeconomic status exposed to the same educational message. Observed ISS use at an examination after four months confirmed the utility of this program in meeting the experimental goals. While also reaching other program goals, the interactive video program (64.6% correct use) was found to be at least as effective as a control education program (63.9% correct use).

Health Promotion↗
PubMed1985

Choledochal cysts: results of primary surgery and need for reoperation in young patients.

The UCLA Medical Center experience in the surgical treatment of 23 young patients with choledochal cysts over a 28 year period has been reviewed. All patients had saccular or fusiform extrahepatic cysts, and one patient also had a diverticular cyst. Eleven patients had no intrahepatic dilatation, whereas 9 had cylindrical and 3 cystic intrahepatic dilatation. There were 39 operations for biliary drainage performed: 17 Roux-Y choledochojejunostomies, 7 choledochoduodenostomies, 7 excisions, and 8 miscellaneous procedures. The morbidity for initial operations was 17 percent and for reoperations, 31 percent. Biliary calculi were found after 2 of 23 primary operations (9 percent) and 6 of 16 reoperations (37.5 percent). All developed while enteric drainage was present and were primary bile duct stones. No reoperation was necessary after cyst excision. An intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma developed in one patient treated with enteric drainage. Three of 10 patients who did not undergo cholecystectomy at their initial operation later required laparotomy for cholecystectomy alone. We recommend cholecystectomy and cyst excision when technically feasible for primary operative treatment of choledochal cysts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Schizotypal personality: psychotherapeutic aspects.

Schizotypal personality (SP) corresponds closely to the concept from which it was derived, "borderline schizophrenia," and represents, in most instances, the intermediate band of the schizophrenia spectrum. Problems often encountered in patients with SP include eccentric social habits, anhedonia, hypersensitivity to criticism, humorlessness, misinterpretation of the moods and statements of others, and inability to fit in socially. While neuroleptic medication may be useful during brief psychotic episodes (to which many patients with SP are prone), the mainstays of treatment are verbal psychotherapies. The chronicity of the condition calls for long-term therapy. An exploratory technique alone seldom suffices; therapy must also include supportive and social-reeducative measures. Modification of socially alienating mannerisms through group therapy and behavioral interventions is often warranted, in addition to one-to-one psychotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of three systems for diagnosing borderline personality disorder.

The authors assessed three systems for diagnosing borderline personality disorder: DSM-III, the checklist criteria of Spitzer et al., and the Diagnostic Interview for Borderline Patients. In an inpatient sample of 51 patients, 43 (84%) met the criteria of at least one of these systems; analyses were carried out on 28 of these patients. Twelve (43%) of these 28 patients met criteria for all three systems, seven (25%) for two systems, and nine (32%) for only one system. Kernberg's structural criteria showed reasonable overlap with the other diagnostic criteria. Affective disorders were prominent across diagnostic measures in this sample of borderline patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

An analysis of the influences of maternal age, gestational age, contraceptive method, and the mode of primary treatment of patients with hydatidiform moles on the incidence of subsequent chemotherapy.

In relation to the total number of births in the United Kingdom there was an excess of hydatidiform moles arising in women over 34 years of age and possibly also under 15. The incidence of trophoblastic tumour requiring chemotherapy after hydatidiform mole was greatest in the 30 to 34 years age group and it was also high in the 20 to 24 years age group. This distribution appears to be influenced by the morphology of the moles, the mode of their removal and the use of oestrogens and progestogens in the post-evacuation period. The need for chemotherapy for trophoblastic tumour after evacuation of a hydatidiform mole was found to be two- to three-fold greater in patients who had undergone a medical induction, hysterectomy or hysterotomy compared with those whose hydatidiform moles had been evacuated by vacuum or surgical curettage, or who had aborted spontaneously. The increased risk of chemotherapy was most marked in the earlier weeks of gestation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Conditioning prostheses viewed from the standpoint of speech adaptation.

Subjects who had adapted to experimental alveolar-palatal prostheses for 2 weeks were able to speak naturally with them after a lapse of a month. Physiologic data on jaw motions and tongue-palate contacts during speech showed a rapid return to compensatory articulatory patterns. A single subject who had previously adapted to an experimental prosthesis over a period of a week made the same type of compensatory jaw adjustments when speaking with the prosthesis again 1 year later.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1978

The use of Pro-Banthine to induce gastrointestinal hypotonia.

Immediate and satisfactory gastrointestinal hypotonia was induced in 48 patients with 5--10 mg of intravenous Pro-Banthine during radiographic examination; side-effects were minimal. If given intravenously in small doses, Pro-Banthine is a satisfactory alternative when glucagon is contraindicated or not available.

Digestive System↗