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Biomedical subjects

M Stout

Publications and source records attributed to M Stout.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Further elucidation of mechanism of resistance to vincristine in myeloid cells: role of hypochlorous acid in degradation of vincristine by myeloperoxidase.

Inherent resistance of myeloblasts to vincristine (VCR) has been related to the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) which can degrade VCR in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We investigated the relationship between VCR degradation and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) generation from the reaction of H2O2 with chlorine (Cl) as catalyzed by MPO. A cell-free system, three human leukemia cell lines (CEM/CCRF, HL-60, U937) and 15 bone marrow samples from children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were studied. VCR cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay and by quantitative measurement of apoptosis. In vitro levels of VCR in cell-free systems were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and intracellular HOCl levels by oxidation of 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid with the accompanying decrease in the absorbency at 412 nm. VCR was degraded by increasing concentrations of HOCl in cell-free systems and this activity was inhibited by taurine, which is known to block HOCl activity. This finding was confirmed by the VCR cytotoxicity studies on cell lines. The HOCl-producing myeloblasts from patients were resistant to VCR. In five samples out of eight HOCl was also detected extracellularly. These results suggest that oxidation by HOCl may be the final step in VCR degradation catalyzed by MPO through its action on intracellular H2O2 and Cl. Leukemia (2000) 14, 47-51.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Impact of Medicaid managed mental health care on delivery of services in a rural state: an AMI perspective.

In March 1995 Iowa implemented a statewide mental health carve-out program under a Medicaid Section 1915b waiver. A goal was to provide equal access across counties for Medicaid recipients by introducing a statewide network of service providers. Problems have included the contractor's authorizing only services considered medically necessary for persons with serious mental illness, who also need community supports; contractor staff's lack of knowledge about regional resources and the limited availability of community-based services in most rural areas; clients' difficulty in gaining access to the new system; denial of inpatient hospitalization; untimely provider payments; and lack of education for providers, consumers, and families.

Contract Services↗
PubMed1998

Morbidity and mortality of intra-aortic balloon pumps placed through the aortic arch.

Twenty-four patients required an intra-aortic balloon pump placed through the aortic arch during cardiac operations from 1985 to 1993. The operative procedures of the 24 patients requiring arch balloon pumps included aortocoronary bypass (14), redo aortocoronary bypass (3), valve replacement (3), aortocoronary bypass with concomitant ventricular septal defect repair (1), heart transplantation (2), and aortic to right ventricle fistula repair (1). Mortality was 54%. Morbidity included cerebral vascular accident (17%), acute renal failure (29%), left ventricular thrombus (4%), sternal wound infection (4%), and mediastinal exploration secondary to bleeding from the balloon pump site (4%). This review suggests that (1) mortality for patients requiring arch balloon is significant, (2) complications of cerebral vascular accident and renal failure may be increased, and (3) severe peripheral vascular disease is associated with arch balloon placement and subsequent increased morbidity and mortality.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1993

Heart and lung grafts harvested en bloc: operative technique, utilization, and results.

Combined heart and lung transplantation has been shown to provide successful therapy for patients with end-stage heart and lung disease. The improved success of lung transplantation has resulted in increasing number of potential recipients and longer waiting times. Maximal utilization of all three thoracic organs is no longer a casual goal but of utmost necessity. We devised a new technique that improves operative visualization, decreases dissection time, and ensures excellent preservation of all three thoracic organs. Bench dissection after extraction of this heart-lung block allows the thoracic and cardiac surgeons to agree on precise dissection of the left atrium and adequate pulmonary venous and atrial cuff. This technique has been used in 48 of our last 50 harvests with excellent results. Utilization of heart and lungs has been 93% and 74%, respectively.

Heart↗
PubMed1988

Genetic regulation of the quinic acid utilization (QUT) gene cluster in Aspergillus nidulans.

A large number of quinic acid non-utilizing qut mutants of Aspergillus nidulans deficient in the induction of all three quinic acid specific enzymes have been analysed. One class the qutD mutants, are all recessive and are non-inducible at pH 6.5 due to inferred deficiency in a quinate ion permease. Two regulatory genes have been identified. The QUTA gene encodes an activator protein since most qutA mutants are recessive and non-inducible although a few fully dominant mutants have been found. The QUTR gene encodes a repressor protein since recessive mutations are constitutive for all three enzyme activities. Rare dominant non-inducible mutants which revert readily to yield a high proportion of constitutive strains are inferred to be qutR mutants defective in binding the inducer. The gene cluster has been mapped in the right arm of chromosome VIII in the order: centromere - greater than 50 map units - ornB - 12 map units - qutC (dehydratase)-0.8 map units-qutD (permease), qutB (dehydrogenase), qutE (dehydroquinase), qutA (activator)-4.4 map units - qutR (repressor)-20 map units - galG. This organization differs from that of the qa gene cluster in Neurospora crassa, particularly in the displacement of qutC and qutR.

Aspergillus nidulans↗
PubMed1987

Follicular fluid concentrations of thiopental and thiamylal during laparoscopy for oocyte retrieval.

Because access into ovarian tissue of drugs used during anesthesia may be potentially harmful to the oocyte and/or follicular structure, we measured concentrations of thiopental (n = 15) and thiamylal (n = 9) in follicular fluid (FF) aspirates of 24 patients who underwent laparoscopic oocyte retrieval. In both groups, measurable amounts of the respective drug were found in all FF aspirates. Within individual patients, plasma concentrations of both drugs declined during the period of sampling between initial and final follicular aspiration. The mean plasma drug concentration was 7.99 +/- 3.97 micrograms/ml in the thiamylal group and 4.13 +/- 0.90 micrograms/ml in the thiopental group. Mean drug concentrations in FF were similar in both groups (thiopental 1.62 +/- 0.61 micrograms/ml; thiamylal 1.67 +/- 0.83 micrograms/ml). The mean FF/plasma concentration ratio during the sampling period was greater in the thiopental group (0.41 +/- 0.19) as compared with the thiamylal group (0.22 +/- 0.14). Several steps in the clinical management of these patients can be taken to reduce exposure of oocytes to drugs used during anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Near-hanging injury.

Near-hanging injury results in multisystem insult and injury. Acute or delayed respiratory complications can result in death. A survivor can suffer neuropsychiatric sequelae ranging from amnesia to a prolonged vegetative state. Treatment is directed toward ensuring cerebral oxygenation, lowering increased intracranial pressure, and treating respiratory distress. Psychiatric consultation will be necessary in long-term survivors. Patients should be observed for at least 24 hours after a near-hanging injury.

Female↗
PubMed1975

Quantitative infrared spectroscopy of lipids in solution: III. Automated data collection and computer aided calculations of lipid analysis.

In the third part of this series, a data acquisition system is described which digitizes the analog signal from a commercial infrared spectrometer and records the data on paper tape. The paper tape is then processed off-line with a microcomputer and an infrared spectrum is printed. The correction routine for absorbance due to the O-H stretching band is discussed as well as the integration limits for calculation of integrated intensities of the C-H stretching band. The computer program is briefly described and statistical data on correlation between integrated intensity and lipid concentration given.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1971

Single-sample diagnosis of recent rubella by fractionation of antibody on Sephadex G-200 column.

To facilitate the diagnosis of recent rubella infection, rubella haemagglutination inhibiting antibody has been determined in four fractions obtained by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration of samples of serum. All the 21 samples collected at the convalescent stage of the disease had varying proportions of haemagglutination inhibiting antibody in fraction 1, representing the major portion of IgM antibody whereas all but three out of 22 sera from persons with no history of recent rubella had negative titres in this fraction. The haemagglutination inhibiting titres in the three positive sera in the second group was very low as compared to the other fractions. Fractionation of sera on a Sephadex G-200 column coupled with the rubella haemagglutination inhibition test can, therefore, be used to diagnose recent rubella infection.

Adult↗