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Biomedical subjects

M Stuart

Publications and source records attributed to M Stuart.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The surgical treatment of anal incontinence.

This study is review of 31 patients undergoing surgery for anal incontinence. Three groups of patients are defined--those with incontinence due to trauma (nine patients), to a combination of trauma and degeneration (five patients), and to degeneration alone (17 patients). Two surgical techniques were used--either a direct repair of the anal sphincter or a postanal repair of the levator ani muscles and external sphincter (Parks operation). In the trauma group and the combined group the more common method used was a direct repair (ten patients)--five underwent a Parks operation. In the degeneration group all but one patient underwent a Parks operation. A defunctioning proximal colostomy was carried out in only four patients--all with incontinence due to trauma. Satisfactory continence was restored in 80% of these patients. Although this is a small series, the results are considered worthwhile and greater awareness and use of the above technique is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The value of delayed primary wound closure in colonic and rectal surgery.

The technique of delayed primary wound closure was employed in 82 out of 100 consecutive colorectal operations. Problems with wound healing occurred in seven patients, but in only three of them was it a wound infection. The value of delayed primary wound closure has been demonstrated by this low rate of wound infection (3.7%).

Colonic Diseases↗
PubMed1978

Activation of the carcinogen N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene by rat mammary peroxidase.

A peroxidase preparation from rat mammary gland parenchymal cells, a target tissue of arylamine carcinogens, was shown to activate the carcinogen N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene via a nitroxyl free radical intermediate to the more active carcinogens nitrosofluorene and N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene. Hydrogen peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, and linoleic acid hydroperoxide were effective as substrates. The antioxidants ascorbate, propyl gallate and reduced glutathione prevented the free radical activation route.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Prophylactic administration of low-dose heparin in colorectal surgery.

A retrospective study of 192 patients operated on by three members of the Edward Wilson Colon and Rectum Unit, Sydney Hospital, was carried out. All operations performed involved dissection within the pelvis. Prophylactic administration of low-dose heparin was used for 71 of these patients. The incidences of clinical thromboembolic disease were 7 per cent in both the group receiving heparin and the other group. In slightly more than half of the patients, pulmonary emboli occurred in the absence of peripheral deep venous thrombosis. It is suggested that the source of these emboli was thrombosis arising in the pelvic veins.

Colon↗
PubMed1976

Colostomy irrigation: its role in improving the colostomate's quality of life.

The wider use of the irrigation technique for the management of the permanent colostomy has previously been advocated. The results of its use in a group of 10 colostomates followed more than two years is discussed. As more than half of these colostomates have been able to resume a normal life after beginning colostomy irrigation, a further plea is made for a better understanding of the technique and the advantages that it offers.

Colostomy↗
PubMed1976

Biogenic amine control of growth hormone secretion in the fetal and neonatal rat.

The development of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis for growth hormone (GH) secretion has been studied in the rat fetus and in the neonate 4, 24, 48 and 72 h after birth. Injections of the serotonin blocker cyproheptadine (Cypro) and a catecholamine, dopamine (DA), each led to reductions in the level of serum GH in 21 to 22 day fetuses and in neonates up to 3 days after birth. The O-methylated derivative of dopamine, dimethoxyphenylethylamine (DMPEA), did not alter serum GH levels from those seen in saline-treated control animals. These results indicate that biogenic amines exert control over GH secretion in the fetus, close to term, and in early neonatal period. They suggest that this control is similar to that seen in the adult rat and in man and that such control may operate through serotonin receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Lipid hydroperoxide activation of N-hydroxy-N-acetylaminofluorene via a free radical route.

The data presented here demonstrate that linoleic acid hydroperoxide in the presence of methemoglobin or hematin activated the carcinogen N-hydroxy-N-acetyl-2-amino-fluorene via the nitroxyl free radical intermediate into 2-nitrosofluorene and N-acetoxy-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene. Ascorbate inhibited the activation, in which case the free radical intermediate was replaced by the ascorbate free radical. On the basis of optical kinetics, we have established that the rate of linoleic acid hydroperoxide decrease paraleled the rate of N-hydroxy-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene decrease and also the rate of 2-nitrosofluorene increase. The stoichiometry of the reaction was such that, for every 2 linoleic acid hydroperoxide molecules consumed, 2 N-hydroxy-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene molecules were oxidized and 1 2-nitrosofluorene and 1 N-acetoxy-N-acetyl-2 aminofluorene molecule was formed.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of platelet glass bead retention techniques in patients with clinical bleeding disorders.

Platelet glass bead retention by the Salzman and infusion pump techniques were compared in 36 control individuals, 10 patients with von Willebrand's syndrome and four patients with thrombocytopathies. No significant differences between the results of the two assays were observed. Eleven percent or less of the control individuals had diminished platelet glass bead retention. The mean percentage platelet retention of the von Willebrand's group and the thrombocytopathy group was less than the mean platelet retention of the control group. However, at least 50 percent of the patients with von Willebrand's syndrome had normal platelet retention by both methods. In the thrombocytopathy group, glass bead retention was more consistently diminished. Although an inverse correlation existed between the duration of bleeding time and the platelet retention assays, consistently diminished platelet retention results were observed only when the bleeding time was 18 minutes or longer. It has been concluded by us that while the glass bead retention assays may be helpful in characterizing certain types of platelet disorders, they are not useful screening assays in the diagnosis of von Willebrand's syndrome.

Blood Coagulation Disorders↗