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Biomedical subjects

M Sudo

Publications and source records attributed to M Sudo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar spine, proximal femur and distal radius in children.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine, proximal femur and distal radius in 48 Japanese children aged 3-18 years. In the normal children (n = 32), BMD increased with age in all locations, with a nearly twofold increase from preschool age to adolescence. Most of the children with chronic diseases known to affect bone metabolism (e.g., steroid osteoporosis) (n = 16) had low BMD in every region, indicating that these disease states probably affect multiple sites of the skeleton in children.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1992

Urinary leukotriene E4 after exercise challenge in children with asthma.

To assess the role of sulfidopeptide leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of exercise-induced asthma (EIA), the urinary levels of leukotriene E4 (LTE4), a metabolite of LTC4 and LTD4, were measured by RIA before and after exercise in 13 children with EIA and 10 healthy children. Mass spectrometry was used to confirm the presence of LTE4 in urine and the specificity of the RIA. There was no significant difference in the urinary LTE4 levels before exercise between the children with asthma and healthy children (109 [21 to 265] versus 122 [45 to 156] pg/mg of creatinine; median and range). Urinary LTE4 levels increased significantly after exercise in the children with EIA (from 109 [21 to 265] to 196 [40 to 655] pg/mg of creatinine; median and range; p less than 0.05) but not in the healthy children. The children with asthma demonstrated no significant correlation between the LTE4 level after exercise and the degree of bronchoconstriction, as revealed by the maximal percent fall in the peak expiratory flow rate. Taken together with a recent study that pretreatment with a potent and selective LTD4 antagonist markedly attenuated EIA, our findings suggest that sulfidopeptide leukotrienes may play some role in the pathogenesis of this type of asthma with other factors also being involved in determining the overall airway response.

Asthma, Exercise-Induced↗
PubMed1992

Urinary fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products and the origin of hematuria.

We examined urinary fibrin and fibrinogen degradation product (U-FDP) concentrations in pediatric patients with hematuria using the rapid and highly-sensitive latex particle agglutination test (LPAT), and assessed the value of this test for the localization of the site of hematuria. Patients with hematuria were divided into two groups: 60 with glomerular hematuria and 46 with non-glomerular hematuria. If U-FDP concentrations less than 0.25 microgram/ml are accepted as an indicator of glomerular bleeding, the sensitivity and specificity of localization of glomerular hematuria in the present study were 78% (47/60) and 89% (41/46), respectively. The high U-FDP concentrations observed in patients with non-glomerular hematuria may reflect direct bleeding into the urinary tract. Since all 13 patients with glomerular hematuria and U-FDP concentrations of 0.25 microgram/ml or more had coexistent erythrocyte cylindruria, the U-FDP test seems to be compensated with combined urinalysis for the relatively lower sensitivity. We conclude that a knowledge of U-FDP concentrations by LPAT can be of help in localizing the site of bleeding in hematuria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Case report of an insulin-dependent diabetes multiplex family with a pair of identical twins.

The following is a case of a family with a pair of identical twins and a family history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). A 2 year old identical twin was first admitted to our hospital and diagnosed as IDDM based on diabetic ketoacidosis. His father has been treated with insulin since the diagnosis of IDDM at the age of 17. All family members had the HLA-DR4 and DQA1*0301 alleles, which are strongly associated with IDDM. The DR-DQ haplotypes of the father and both twins were DR4-DQW8 (DQB1*0302), which increases susceptibility to IDDM. Islet cell antibodies were positive only in the index twin at the time of diagnosis. The co-twin was considered to have beta-cell dysfunction based on the result of an intravenous glucose tolerance test.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effects of ventromedial hypothalamic stimulation on glucose transport system in rat tissues.

Electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) increased the rate constant of glucose uptake in rat heart and brown adipose tissue (BAT), as measured in vivo by the 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose method. The increase in glucose uptake in BAT was abolished by local sympathetic denervation. To analyze the mechanism of this hypothalamic modulation, the effects of VMH stimulation and insulin treatment on the number and dissociation constant (Kd) of glucose transporters in the plasma and microsomal membranes were examined by means of [3H]cytochalasin B binding. VMH stimulation did not alter either the number or Kd value of glucose transporters in plasma and microsomal membranes prepared from heart and BAT, whereas insulin treatment increased the number of glucose transporters in the plasma membranes and decreased those in the microsomal membranes. D-Glucose transport activity was also measured with the same plasma membrane vesicles. An apparent functional activity of transporters was detected to be increased in the heart and BAT plasma membranes after VMH stimulation but not after insulin treatment. These results suggest that VMH stimulation enhances glucose utilization in heart and BAT via sympathetic innervation and that the mechanism by which VMH stimulation increases tissue glucose uptake is different from that of insulin, possibly causing an activation of glucose transporters present in the plasma membrane.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1992

[Treatment of infantile spasms with long-term low dose ACTH].

We investigated the effect of long-term, low-dose ACTH in 13 patients (10 boys and 3 girls) with infantile spasms who were treated with low-dose ACTH (mean: 0.0081 mg/kg/day). Two patients (one boy and one girl) received this therapy twice because of relapse of tonic spasms. ACTH was injected intramuscularly every morning for 30 days, after which dosage was tapered. The mean observation period was 53.9 months. Complete cessation of seizures was attained in 13 of 15 treatment trials. In one trial, complete cessation was not attained but the number of attacks decreased to less than one-third of that before treatment. In only one trial was treatment not effective. EEG showed good response to this treatment. The side-effects of this therapy were hypertension in 6 patients, hypokalemia in 7, and emotional outburst in 7. Emotional outburst appeared during the early phase of therapy, while the other two side-effects appeared in the later phase and disappeared when ACTH-tapering was begun. Brain shrinkage observed on CT scan was mild in all trials. Five patients have had no relapse. The total dose of ACTH was significantly larger in the group with good outcome than in the group with poor outcome.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1992

[A case of pneumonitis and hepatic injury caused by a herbal drug (sho-saiko-to)].

We report a case of pneumonitis and hepatic injury caused by Sho-saiko-to. A 56-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of hepatic disorder. The levels of serum transaminases returned to normal within two months without specific treatment and he was discharged. Four weeks later, he was readmitted because of severe pneumonitis and mild hepatic disorder. Under the suspicion of drug-induced pneumonitis, all medications were discontinued and high-dose glucocorticoid including "pulse therapy" was given. Consequently, pneumonitis and hepatic function markedly improved. Careful history taking revealed the ingestion of Sho-saiko-to before both admissions. Lymphocyte stimulation test against Sho-saiko-to was positive. Challenge test using Sho-saiko-to resulted in decrease of PaO2 and elevation of serum transaminases. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of pneumonitis and hepatic injury induced by Sho-saiko-to was established.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of lumbar bone mineral density by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.

Using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), the lumbar spinal bone mineral density (BMD) in 49 Japanese children with or without metabolic bone disease (MBD) was determined. The following results were obtained: (a) The normal data for healthy Caucasians (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 70: 1330-1333) appear to be applicable to Japanese children; (b) BMD was normal in patients with congenital hydronephrosis with normal renal function; (c) One patient with congenital renal failure and one with Lowe syndrome had low BMD, but the MBD in the former improved markedly with peritoneal dialysis; (d) A reduced BMD was found in patients treated with long-term steroids, probably because of decreased turnover of bone; (e) A reduction in BMD was pronounced in preterm infants during the first few months of life. In conclusion, DEXA is a useful method of bone densitometry in MBD in children.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1991

Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome) with hearing impairment and pupillary membrane remnants.

A Japanese boy aged 13 months was referred to us because thickened ribs had been observed on a chest X-ray taken during a respiratory infection. mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) was diagnosed based on urinary glycosaminoglycan analysis and low activity of arylsulfatase B in peripheral leukocytes. He had mild pupillary membrane remnants, but no corneal opacities. The auditory brainstem response revealed moderate hearing impairment, which may have caused his subnormal DQ score of 85 at the age of 19 months. Although MPS VI is characterized by normal intellectual development with normal hearing in early infancy, it is important to examine for hearing loss, especially when an infant with this disease shows developmental delay.

Hearing Disorders↗
PubMed1991

Congenital hydrocolpos combined with unilateral renal agenesis.

Herein we report an infantile case of congenital hydrocolpos combined with left renal agenesis which presented with an abnormal mass protruding from the vaginal introitus. The diagnosis was made shortly after birth by ultrasonography and confirmed by other radiologic diagnostic methods. This case highlights the value of ultrasonography in diagnosing hydrocolpos and determining the coexistence of renal anomalies.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Ventromedial hypothalamic stimulation enhances peripheral glucose uptake in anesthetized rats.

Effects of electrical and chemical stimulation of the ventromedial (VMH) and lateral hypothalamic (LH) nuclei on glucose uptake in peripheral tissues were studied by the 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose (2-[3H]DG) method in anesthetized rats. Electrical stimulation of the VMH increased the rate constant of glucose uptake in brown adipose tissue (BAT; 8 times), heart (3 times), and skeletal muscles (1.5 times) but not in white adipose tissue, diaphragm, and brain, without detectable changes in plasma insulin levels. Chemical stimulation of the VMH by microinjection of L-glutamate also enhanced the rate constant of glucose uptake in BAT, heart, and skeletal muscles preferentially, which indicates that the enhancement of glucose uptake in these tissues is derived from activation of VMH neurons. The increased rate of glucose uptake in BAT in response to VMH stimulation was effectively suppressed by surgical sympathetic denervation, suggesting a mediation of the sympathetic nerve in this effect. On the other hand, electrical stimulation of the LH had no appreciable effect on 2-[3H]DG uptake in any tissues. It is concluded that glucose uptake in certain peripheral tissues is accelerated selectively by activation of VMH neurons, the action of which is independent of plasma insulin but which is probably via the sympathetic nervous system.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1991

Exercise-induced urinary excretion of leukotriene E4 in children with atopic asthma.

Urinary levels of leukotriene (LT) E4, a stable end-product of LTC4 and LTD4, were measured before and after exercise in 10 children with severe asthma and seven children with moderate asthma using HPLC and RIA to clarify the relationship of LT to the severity of asthma and to the degree of bronchospasm in exercise-induced asthma. The urinary LTE4 level significantly increased after exercise in the severe asthma group, but not in the moderate asthma group (14.3 +/- 14.5 to 24.3 +/- 20.6 versus 19.6 +/- 12.3 to 17.6 +/- 10.8 ng/mmol creatinine, p less than 0.05). The urinary LTE4 level increased in 10 patients (eight with severe asthma), and it decreased in seven patients (five with moderate asthma). A significant difference in the degree of bronchospasm after exercise (as shown by the maximal % fall in the peak expiratory flow rate), was seen when patients with increased urinary LTE4 excretion were compared with those with decreased excretion (60.4 +/- 17.3 versus 24.1 +/- 14.3%, p less than 0.01). Our findings suggest that exercise-induced asthma, or at least a subtype of exercise-induced asthma, may partly develop through the release of LTC4.

Asthma, Exercise-Induced↗
PubMed1991

Pathophysiologic study on methylmalonic aciduria: decrease in liver high-energy phosphate after propionate loading in rats.

Methylmalonate or propionate was i.v. infused into B12-deprived and control rats. In the B12-deprived rats, the plasma and liver concentrations of B12 decreased to 8 and 13%, respectively, of those of the control rats. The propionate loading produced a disproportionate increase in liver propionate levels; the mean ratio of methylmalonate to propionate in the liver was approximately 1.0 after methylmalonate loading, whereas it was 0.1 to 0.2 after propionate loading. The liver propionate and methylmalonate levels in the B12-deprived rats were twice as high as those in the control rats. The mean ratio of beta-ATP to inorganic phosphate in the liver, measured with 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, decreased from 0.60 to 0.48 in the B12-deprived rats and from 0.78 to 0.63 in the control rats after methylmalonate loading; the ratio decreased from 0.57 to 0.37 in the B12-deprived rats and from 0.76 to 0.56 in the controls after propionate loading. Statistical analysis showed that propionate loading caused a more marked decrease in ATP than did methylmalonate loading (F = 26.33, degree of freedom 1 and 15; p less than 0.001), while B12-deprivation caused a more marked decrease in ATP than did the control diet (F = 92.26, df 1 and 15; p less than 0.001). The concentrations of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and related organic acids in the livers of the rats suggested that propionate inhibited NAD(+)-dependent enzymes in the cycle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of variability of proteinuria indices.

We compared several indices of proteinuria, namely protein concentration, hourly protein excretion rate (Up/h) and protein/creatinine ratio (Up/Ucr) in single voided urine samples as well as 24 h-urinary protein excretion (24 h-Up), in 44 children, aged 4-16 years, with varying degrees of urinary protein excretion. We found an excellent correlation between Up/h and Up/Ucr in early morning samples. These two indices in early morning samples had excellent correlation with 24 h-Up, comparable to those in any other urine sample of the day. Among daytime samples, Up/h varied widely, in contrast to Up/Ucr, which had significantly less variability. We analysed six early morning and six bedtime samples from 39 of these subjects, and found smaller coefficients of variation for individual patient's indices in morning samples. Up/h was more variable than Up/Ucr, especially in bedtime samples. Urinary protein concentration had a poorer correlation with 24 h-Up and was more variable than any other index. We conclude that the Up/Ucr in early morning samples, which has the advantages both of simplicity and low day-to-day variability in a given patient, is a superior index of proteinuria.

Adolescent↗