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Biomedical subjects

M Sugihara

Publications and source records attributed to M Sugihara.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[The essays of Keizou Tanba and Ougai Mori about separation of dispensary from medical practice].

Keizou Tanba wrote an article on separation of dispensary in Chugai-iji-shinpo in June, the year 23 of Meji Era. It was said that separation of dispensary had to be carried out and it brought many advantages. First, a pharmacist can examine the prescription and correct it if there are any mistakes. He will be able to give an advice to a doctor that the side effects will perhaps occur due to preparation of medicine. Secondly, a pharmacist can superintend whether unnecessary medicine is prescribed or not. He will check surplus prescription in such a case that a patients will be cured by observing dietary or exercise. According to Tanba's opinion, if we will get people to know what separation of dispensary is, it is easy to be carried out. Ougai Mori wrote an essay separation of dispensary in the same period. His opinion was opposite, basically. It caused to impose a burden on a patient. As the number of pharmacist were not enough, it was impossible to carry it out. A conflict of opinion also remains among people related to medicine at present. The circumstances on separation of dispensary have not been changing during one hundred years.

Health Services↗
PubMed1994

Combination chemotherapy with Tegafur. Uracil (UFT), etoposide, adriamycin and cisplatinum (UFT-EAP) for advanced gastric cancer.

Thirty-four patients with advanced gastric cancer were treated with combination chemotherapy employing Tegafur-Uracil (UFT), etoposide, Adriamycin, and Cisplatinum (CDDP) (UFT-EAP therapy). An objective partial response was obtained in 16 patients (47%) and the median duration of remission was 12.2 months. The 50% survival time for all 34 patients was 10 months. Patients with moderately or well differentiated adenocarcinoma responded well (13/19, 68%), while those with undifferentiated adenocarcinoma showed a poor response (3/15, 20%). Six responding patients were noted to have no evidence of viable cancer at the primary site by endoscopic biopsy, and underwent gastrectomies. The resected specimens showed complete disappearances of the primary tumors in four patients. The median survival time for the patients receiving gastrectomies was 24 months. The regimen was very well tolerated, apart from moderate bone marrow suppression. Our results suggest that patients with advanced gastric cancer can be effectively treated with UFT-EAP chemotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Isolated coronary ostial stenosis in Takayasu's arteritis: case report and review of the literature.

This report describes a rare clinical course of a young Japanese woman with Takayasu's arteritis and a review of the literature. Her first symptom was angina pectoris due to isolated left coronary ostial stenosis, which was relieved by aortocoronary bypass grafting surgery using a saphenous vein graft. At that time, the C-reactive protein was negative and the histopathologic findings of the specimens of the aorta could not confirm aortitis. Although she was free from any cardiovascular symptoms for about fifteen years, syncopal attacks occurred owing to severe stenosis of the major branches of the aortic arch revealed by intravenous digital subtraction arteriograms. Thus, Takayasu's arteritis could be a cause of coronary ostial stenosis in young women even if the inflammatory findings are negative and the major branches of the aortic arch are not involved at operation. In addition, revascularization using internal thoracic arteries might possess a potential risk of coronary insufficiency due to a later involvement of these proximal arteries.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The essay on separation of dispensary from medical practice written by Yukichi Fukuzawa].

In November 1891, the union of pharmacists submitted the petitions letter on revision of the Law No. 10 issued on March 15, 1889, because by this law physicians acquired the right to dispense medicine rather than to give prescriptions to their patients. Yukichi Fukuzawa criticized the above mentioned problems and he contributed essays to the famous newspaper, Jiji-shin-pou in december 1891. Principles of his essays were as follows: 1) separation of dispensary from medical practice widely done in western countries were important from scientific viewpoint; 2) however, both physicians and patients had no concept on total medical fee which was consistent with consultation fee and charge for medicines. Thus, patients in Japan have been receiving medicines from physicians customarily over several hundred years; 3)introduction of new system on separation of dispensary from medical practice would cause troubles, because additional payment at the pharmacy should be required other than payment for physicians; 4)he was aware that opportunities to commit sick persons to doctor's care would be decreased especially in case of poor persons. Compared the public opinion to the separation of dispensary from medical practice of present day, there was found no difference on the attitude of Japanese people in these hundred years.

Economics, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed1992

Preservation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the spastic segment of the human epicardial coronary artery by substance P.

The objective of this study was to determine if endothelium-dependent vasodilation is preserved in the spastic segment of the epicardial coronary artery. Segmental responses of the coronary artery to substance P were examined by the use of a quantitative angiographic technique in 21 patients with variant angina. Coronary diameter at the basal state did not differ between the spastic and the nonspastic segments (2.3 +/- 0.2 mm, 2.3 +/- 0.4 mm, p greater than 0.05). Changes in coronary diameter in response to substance P did not differ between segments with ergonovine-induced spasm and nonspastic segments. Maximal dilation averaged 27.1 +/- 9.5% in the spastic segment and 24.4 +/- 9.6% in the nonspastic segment (expressed as a percent increase over the value before drug administration). It appears that both the potential of the endothelium to release endothelium-dependent relaxing factor and the dilating response of the smooth muscle to endothelium-dependent relaxing factor are preserved, even in the spastic segment.

Angina Pectoris, Variant↗
PubMed1992

[The effect of stationary time of punch in the process of compression on dividing properties of scored tablets].

The significance of the stationary time of punch in the process of compression on the dividing properties of scored tablets was investigated in several tablets prepared from lactose, corn starch, hydroxypropyl starch, synthetic aluminum silicate, microcrystalline cellulose or Perfiller. The dividing strength of scored tablets was not affected by the stationary time of punch. The effect of the stationary time of punch on the coefficient of variation of divided tablet weight differed in the compacting characteristics and compaction profiles of powders. In case of tablets prepared from microcrystalline cellulose, the effect of stationary time of punch was not observed. However, in the other excipients, there existed a specific stationary time of punch to minimize the coefficient of variation of divided tablet weight. The time was different due to the change of compression pressure. The coefficient of variation of divided tablet weight showed minimum at the longer stationary time of punch when tablets were compressed at the low compression pressure, and the time showed a tendency to become short with the increase of compression pressure. These results suggested that the effect of the stationary time of punch on the coefficient of variation of divided tablet weight was concerned with the compaction structure of powders produced by the movement of punch in the process of compression.

Pressure↗
PubMed1992

[The advertisements of drug in newspaper by Ginkou Kishida].

Ginko Kishida, who was a journalist formerly, took advantage of newpaper to publicize ophthalmicus. He put an advertisement expressed by only characters in Yokohama-mainichi-shinbun just founded. After that, he employed advertisement with illustration. In the beginning, the advertisement laid stress on spreading the name of the ophthalmicus, "Seikisui." The advertisement published in Meiji 8th, appealed variation of ophthalmic diseases and their causes, besides it expressed effective of "Seikisui." His contributions to convey the information of drug were difficult to distinguish between advertisement and articles. Nowadays, advertisement of drug imitating the articles are popular. Needless to say, Ginko Kishida was the pioneer of the style of present advertisement of drug.

Advertising↗
PubMed1992

[Comparative study of medicament culture between Japan and Occident].

Needless to say, cultural background of the medicines are dependent on traditions and systems of medical care of each country. Until Edo-Era in Japan, Wakanyaku (local phytotherapy), which was developed under the influence of Chinese culture was popular. In the Meiji-Era synthetic medicines beat the local one in accordance with the introduction of occidental culture. However, people are still attracted to Wakanyaku. At present many medical doctors are using Kampou-medicines consisting of Wakanyaku. In the Occident, Kampou-medicines are not much appreciated due to lack of scientific approval. Medicines differ with cultures. From the end of Edo-Era to the beginning of the Meiji-Era, occidental diplomats including physicians came to Japan and reported their observations on medical environment and cultural background. In their literal works they pointed out heterogeneity. For instance, people always kept Moxa at hand for unexpected disease. They felt strange that people treated themselves with Moxa without any knowledge of anatomy. Furthermore, they also mentioned that physicians of Kampou administered medicines without any chemical knowledge.

Americas↗
PubMed1992

A histological study of changes in the lingual papillae of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

This study examined the effect of experimental diabetes mellitus on the dorsal tongue of rats which were made diabetic by tail-vein injections of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) and then raised for either 5 or 10 months. Lingual papillae were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy. Morphological changes in lingual mucosal capillaries in 10-month diabetic rats were observed by electron microscopy (TEM). In the study of cellular movement in the lingual dorsal epithelium, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was applied as a tracer for studying DNA replication. In diabetic rats, lingual papillae showed morphological atrophic changes. The lingual mucosal capillaries' alterations included endothelial cells with numerous cell projections into the lumen, degenerated cell organs, increased basement membrane width, and narrowed capillary lumen. BrdU labeling index among the basal cells was reduced in diabetic rats which indicates a possible retardation of their epithelial-tissue activity. In diabetes mellitus, direct metabolic disturbances to the epithelia because of insulin deficiency first occurred, successively diabetic microangiopathy appeared on the lingual mucosal capillaries. The appearance of diabetic microangiopathy caused tissue hypoxia, which induced atrophic changes to the epithelia.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Myocardial infarct size and left ventricular function in diabetic patients].

We determined the relationship between myocardial infarct size (MIS) estimated by electrocardiographic measurements of infarct size (QRS score) and left ventricular function estimated by angiographically left ventricular ejection fraction (EF). MIS estimated by QRS score were the same in both DM and NDM (5.2 +/- 0.5 vs 4.3 +/- 0.4: p greater than 0.05), but EF in DM was significantly lower than in NDM (43.1 +/- 1.4 vs 51. +/- 1.1%: p less than 0.05). There was clear linear correlation between MIS and EF in NDM (r = -0.71) but not in DM. EF was much lower in DM than in NDM even at the same QRS score level. There were no differences in blood pressure, serum lipid levels, age, and the site of the myocardial infarction. The most likely explanation for this appears to be due to a previous left ventricular disease in DM.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[The relationship between dividing properties of scored tablets and dynamic characteristics of powder].

The relationship between dividing properties of the scored tablet and dynamic characteristics of the powder was investigated for proving the effects of physical characteristics of the powder on dividing properties of the scored tablet. Lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, corn starch, synthetic aluminum silicate and Perfiller were used as excipients. The dynamic characteristics of the powder, such as tensile strength (T), cohesive force (C), angle of friction (delta), flow factor (FF), shear index (n), C/T(K) and constants of Kawakita's equation of tapping compaction (a, 1/b) were measured. No correlations between coefficient of variation of divided tablet weight and each dynamic characteristics of the powder were found. However, from the result of the multiple regression analysis, multiple regression equation containing C and a as variables was obtained. Then a significant correlation was obtained between coefficient of variation of divided tablet weight and C/a, and also between logarithms of dividing strength of scored tablets and C/a. As a result, coefficient of variation of divided tablet weight decreased and dividing strength of scored tablets increased with decreasing C/a value.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1991

[The contractile response of isolated lingual arteries from rabbits treated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide via the stimulation of B1-receptors for kinins].

The effect of intravenous injection of 10 micrograms of a lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) extracted from E. coli to rabbits on the responses of isolated lingual arteries to des-Arg9-bradykinin (a specific kinins B1-receptor agonist) was studied. Endotoxin injection led to the appearance of the endothelium-independent contractile effect of des-Arg9-bradykinin in the arteries; endotoxin elicited this response when administered at 1, 5 or 20 hr before the experiment, in a time-interval dependent manner. The contractile response to des-Arg9-bradykinin of the arteries isolated from animals receiving endotoxin 20 hr before the experiment was attenuated by des-Arg9-[Leu8]-bradykinin (a specific inhibitor of kinins B1-receptor) or pretreatment of the animals with an inhibitor of protein synthesis (cycloheximide and actinomycin D). When compared with the effect of des-Arg9-bradykinin, bradykinin (a potent kinin B2-receptor, but weak B1-receptor stimulant) caused slight contraction of the arteries; however, this effect was not endotoxin-dependent and was not modified by des-Arg9-[Leu8]-bradykinin. Effect of in vitro preincubation with endotoxin of the arteries isolated from animals receiving saline 20 hr before the experiment was further studied. The preincubation (for 1 and 5 hr) with endotoxin of the arteries in the presence or absence of plasma had no effect on the sensitivity of the arteries to des-Arg9-bradykinin; the sensitivity was also unaffected in the presence or absence of endotoxin, thus suggesting that there is no interaction between endotoxin and some plasma-related factors with the appearance of the contraction in response to the kinin B1-receptor agonist in the arteries in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Bone infarction and fat island appearing as local defects in radionuclide bone marrow imaging].

Parallel studies of radionuclide bone marrow imaging and bone scanning are helpful in the early diagnosis of skeletal metastasis. In bone marrow imaging, most lesions are observed as a local defect. We had two cases of nonmetastatic lesions which appeared as local defects in bone marrow imaging. The first case was a male Hodgkin's disease patient, aged 48, who had been treated with frequent chemotherapy, including the administration of a large quantities of steroids. He complained of slight pain in the left shoulder. Without increased uptake in bone scanning, abnormal accumulation of 67Ga-citrate and a local defect in bone marrow imaging appeared, corresponding to localization of the pain. Suspecting bone marrow metastasis, we performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An area of slightly decreased intensity in T1-weighted spin-echo images and lower intensity than fat tissue in T2-weighted images were observed, although it was slightly enhanced by Gd-DTPA. This lesion was diagnosed by biopsy as a bone infarction. The second case was that of a 69-year-old male lung cancer patient. Though no abnormality was revealed by bone scanning or 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy, an apparent defect at the 10th thoracic vertebra was observed in bone marrow imaging. It was not accompanied by pain. MRI was also performed in this case. This was depicted as a clearly defined high intensity area. This was diagnosed as a fat island, and no change has been seen in the seven months of follow up. In conclusion, it is necessary to consider the possibility of nonmetastatic lesions, when local defects appear in bone marrow imaging performed on cancer patients.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

[Magnetic resonance imaging of the metastatic vertebral tumor].

Fourty two patients underwent MR studies for a variety of lesions in the vertebral body. A 0.15-T MR system was employed. Twenty five patients were found to have malignant metastatic lesions (group 1); 16 had non-neoplastic lesions (group 2). The ability to discriminate between group 1 and group 2 with MR imaging was evaluated. All malignant metastatic lesions appeared as low intensity areas on both T1-weighted spin echo image and inversion recovery image, but 44 to 53% of the non-neoplastic lesions appeared as low intensity areas, respectively. The diagnostic ability with signal intensity of the vertebral column was evaluated on various pulse sequences; sensitivity of inversion recovery and T1-weighted spin echo image was 100%, in contrast specificity of these pulse sequences was 47 to 56%, overall accuracy was the highest on T1-weighted spin echo image (86%). The signal intensity of intervertebral disk was also evaluated in both groups. The intervertebral disks adjacent to the all malignant metastatic lesions showed normal intensity on both T1-weighted spin echo image and inversion recovery image, but non-neoplastic lesions showed variable intensities on images with all pulse sequences. The diagnostic ability with the signal intensities of the vertebral column and intervertebral disk was higher than that of the vertebral columns alone. Consequently accuracy was the highest in that case of both intervertebral disk and bone marrow which were imaged on T1-weighted spin echo (93%). We concluded that this diagnostic method was useful in distinguishing malignant metastatic from non-neoplastic lesions.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Calorimetric study of the effect of intrachain cross-linking on lysozyme unfolding.

Thermodynamics of unfolding of lysozyme cross-linked between Glu 35 and Trp 108 were studied in solutions of various concentrations of 1-propanol (1-PrOH) at pH 3.7 by means of scanning microcalorimetry. The transition temperature for the cross-linked lysozyme increases by 17-19 degrees C due to cross-linking at every concentration of 1-PrOH. This corresponds to the increase in the unfolding Gibbs free energy of about 28 kJ.mol-1, which is independent of the concentration of 1-PrOH. It was found that the unfolding enthalpy of cross-linked lysozyme is only slightly larger than that of intact one, and the unfolding entropy of the cross-linked one is nearly equal to that of the intact one, if both are compared at the same temperature. The stabilization mechanism for the cross-linked lysozyme is discussed on the basis of these calorimetric data.

1-Propanol↗