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Biomedical subjects

M Sumitomo

Publications and source records attributed to M Sumitomo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The Tokyo Metropolitan Home Vision Screening Program for amblyopia in 3-year-old children.

In August 1989, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government officially began a vision screening program for children aged 3 years 1 month. A 1988 pilot study of 1,303 children this age disclosed five cases (0.38%) of amblyopia. The home vision test, which uses picture cards of familiar figures, proved to be an efficient and inexpensive method of screening when incorporated into the existing health-check program for 3-year-old children. In the initial eight months of the program, 21,906 children were screened. Of these, 419 children (1.9%) were referred to an ophthalmologist for follow-up, and amblyopia was detected in 41 children (0.19%).

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1992

[The influence of lung volume and body position on pulmonary blood flow under hypoxic exposure].

We examined the changes in the electromagnetically measured left lower lobe blood flow (QLLL) when the left lower lobe (LLL) was exposed to alveolar hypoxia selectively under two different positions (supine and right lateral position in 18 dogs. QLLL/CO, Qs/Qt and other cardiopulmonary parameters were obtained during the following experimental sequence; 1) the whole lung ventilated with 100% O2 (control), 2) LLL collapsed and the remainder ventilated with 100% O2, 3) N2 expansion of LLL (N2 CPAP) and the remainder ventilated with 100% O2, 4) O2 expansion of LLL (O2 CPAP) and the remainder ventilated with 100% O2, and 5) The whole lung ventilated with 100% O2. In the supine position group (n = 9), both selective collapse and N2 CPAP of LLL caused QLLL/CO to decrease significantly (P less than 0.02) from control values (14.9 +/- 1.7%) to 10.6 +/- 0.9% and 11.9 +/- 1.6%, respectively. But there was no difference in QLLL/CO between collapse and N2 CPAP of LLL. In the right lateral position group (n = 9), hypoxic exposure of LLL caused no decrease in QLLL/CO from control values. But QLLL/CO during N2 CPAP (8.5 +/- 1.1%) decreased significantly than that during collapse (10.8 +/- 1.5%) (P less than 0.02). Qs/Qt during N2 CPAP (15.6 +/- 1.4%) also decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) from that during collapse (18.5 +/- 2.2%). We conclude that the difference of the changes in QLLL/CO under hypoxic exposure between supine and right lateral position was caused by hydrostatic pressure which influenced more during lateral position than during supine position.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Three cases of intramural cyst of the esophagus with ciliated epithelium].

We had 3 cases of intramural cyst of the esophagus with ciliated epithelium. In Case 1, 13-year-old man, the cyst was lined with ciliated columnar epithelium and had a smooth muscle layer. In Case 2, 37-year-old female, the cyst was lined with ciliated stratified epithelium and had some layers of smooth muscle. In Case 3, 42-year-old male, the cyst was lined with ciliated columnar epithelium and had a smooth muscle layer. In all cases, cartilaginous tissue was not found. They had no complaints and the abnormal shadow was found by chance Chest X-ray film. When the cyst did not have typical diagnostic criteria, clear division into esophageal cyst or bronchogenic cyst is difficult. The bronchus and the esophagus are of the foregut origin, so we suppose the middle type cyst, between esophageal and bronchial, may exist. In Case 2, the cyst was diagnosed as esophageal, because it had some muscle layers. But in Case 1 and Case 3, as the cyst did not have typical diagnostic criteria, we diagnosed them as the inclusion cyst of the esophagus, not as esophageal, not as bronchogenic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Measurement of leukotriene C4 and D4 in arterial blood of asthmatic patients during remission.

We measured the amounts of leukotriene C4 and D4 in the arterial blood of asthmatic patients during remission and compared these with the amounts of leukotrienes in the arterial blood of asthmatic patients during acute asthma, which had been reported in our previous study. Leukotriene C4 and D4 was detected in five patients during remission at 50.68 +/- 8.28 and 36.68 +/- 17.31 pg/mL (mean +/- SD), respectively. In five control subjects, the amounts of leukotriene C4 and D4 were 78.22 +/- 34.65 and 55.06 +/- 13.54 pg/mL (mean +/- SD), respectively. As cited in our previous report, the amounts of leukotriene C4 and D4 in arterial blood of asthmatic patients during acute asthma were 523.33 +/- 737.06 and 495 +/- 304.48 pg/mL. Hence, there were no significant differences in the leukotriene C4 and D4 values between asthmatic patients during remission and control subjects, whereas there was a significant difference in the leukotriene D4 values between asthmatic patients during acute asthma and, asthmatic patients during remission or control subjects (P less than .01). In addition, the leukotriene C4 values in asthmatic patients during acute asthma were larger than in asthmatic patients during remission or control subjects without a significant difference. The amounts of leukotriene C4 and D4 in arterial blood of asthmatic patients may reflect the degree of severity of acute asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Measurement of leukotriene B4 in arterial blood of asthmatic patients during wheezing attacks.

To investigate whether leukotriene B4 is present in the arterial blood of asthmatic patients during wheezing attacks, 20 ml of arterial blood was drawn from the inguinal artery of five patients. Leukotriene B4 was detected in all five individuals, and its identity was confirmed by a combination of high pressure liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay techniques. The concentration of leukotriene B4 was 48.34 +/- 16.27 pg ml-1 (mean value +/- SE). However, in five control subjects the leukotriene B4 concentration was found to be 9.43 +/- 5.44 pg ml-1. Thus there was a significant difference between the two groups (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that leukotriene B4 may be important in elucidation of the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of ozone exposure on experimental asthma in guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin through the airway.

As ozone (O3) is known to cause airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, we examined the effects of O3 exposure (1, 3, or 5 ppm, 2 h) on sensitization and provocation in guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin (OA) through the airway. In groups exposed to O3 before sensitization, 5 ppm increased the production of IgG1 antibodies and decreased the OA sensitization threshold from 0.01 to 0.002%. In those exposed before provocation, 1, 3, or 5 ppm of O3 decreased the OA provocation threshold from 0.5 to 0.02%, and this enhancement appeared to depend on airway hyperresponsiveness. We conclude that O3 exposure may play an important role in causing asthmatic attacks rather than enhancing allergic sensitization.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1990

[Respiratory distress after endotracheal insufflation of baby powder in dogs].

The cause of delayed respiratory distress after endotracheal insufflation of baby powder was investigated in dogs. Ten dogs were divided into 2 groups. In the insufflation group (n = 6), baby powder 1g.kg-1 was insufflated through an endotracheal tube under controlled mechanical ventilation. In the control group (n = 4), artificial ventilation was continued for 36 hours without insufflation of baby powder. PaO2 in the insufflation group fell until 1 hour, and then improved until 12 hours after the insufflation. But PaO2 fell again after 12 hours, and all dogs died by 36 hours after the insufflation. Pathological examination of the lungs of the insufflation group revealed gram-negative bacillus pneumonia, but no pneumonia occurred in the control group. Gram-negative bacillus was not detected in the baby powder, but Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was found from the tracheal swabs of the dog. Therefore, delayed respiratory distress was thought to have been caused by A. calcoaceticus pneumonia. It was concluded that A. calcoaceticus, which comprises a part of the indigenous flora of the respiratory tract of the dog, finally caused pneumonia and death of the dogs after baby powder insufflation because baby powder had damaged the lung's defence of bacterial clearance.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed1989

CEA and CA 19-9 in benign pulmonary or mediastinal cystic lesions.

Serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 was present at high levels in pulmonary sequestration, mediastinal bronchogenic cysts, and mediastinal mature teratomas. The fluid in the cysts of the lesions contained a high level of CA 19-9. After operation, the titer of serum CA 19-9 returned to normal ranges. Histological studies showed that mucosal epithelium stained positively for CA 19-9. We speculate that CA 19-9 concentrated in the cystic lesion might flow into the peripheral blood. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was also present at high levels in the cyst fluid. CEA was positively stained in the epithelial cells using a polyclonal antibody but not a monoclonal antibody. The CEA detected at high concentration in the fluid was considered to be immunologically cross-reacting CEA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) showing perineurial cell differentiation.

We report a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) showing the unusual immunohistochemical feature of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) immunoreactivity in a 52-year-old man. The tumor, located in the left paravertebral muscles, was composed of both cellular and myxoid areas. Spindle-shaped tumor cells were arranged in longitudinal cell cords, in a storiform pattern, and in whorled structures. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells had many interdigitating cell processes, primitive cell junctions, and discontinuous external laminae. These histological and ultrastructural features were most consistent with those of an MPNST; but on immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells reacted for epithelial membrane antigen rather than for S-100 protein or Leu-7. Because EMA-immunoreactivity was recently demonstrated in perineurial cells, we concluded that the tumor was an MPNST mainly composed of tumor cells showing perineurial cell differentiation.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1989

Epithelial differentiation in synovial sarcoma. Correlation with histology and immunophenotypic expression.

The epithelial properties of the cells in six cases of synovial sarcoma, five biphasic and one monophasic, were examined. Epithelial cells formed well demarcated glandular nests with a multi- or single-layered lining, poorly defined nest-like clusters, or appeared as scattered single plump cells in a spindle-cell stroma. Keratinization was seen in multi-layered epithelia, and was suggested in single-layered epithelia from the presence of some enlarged eosinophilic cells. Immunohistochemically, epithelia lining glands showed reactivity for both low- and high-molecular-weight (MW) cytokeratins, and the reactions for both were strongest in keratinized cells. Clustered or single plump cells showed low-MW cytokeratin reactivity. All epithelial cells were negative for the largest cytokeratin (no. 1), and occasionally stained positively for vimentin. Spindle-shaped stromal cells usually stained positively for vimentin only. Type IV collagen was distributed linearly around well circumscribed epithelia, but not around poorly defined epithelia or plump cells. Epithelial membrane antigen was distributed linearly along glandular spaces and irregularly or granularly in clustered plump cells. The immunophenotypic epithelialization in synovial sarcoma was restricted, but showed considerable correlation with the histological grade of differentiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Biomedical engineering for the conservation of teeth--the use of a Nd-YAG laser for a treatment of apical focus.

When the apical focus (root cyst) is treated, if the tooth concerned can be preserved, the root canal should first be enlarged and cleaned sufficiently, and then sealed with filling materials. However, if an expensive prothesis is placed on the crown of the tooth concerned, or if the root canal is blocked with a post core of calcification, root canal treatment becomes difficult from a practical point of view. We therefore tried irradiation using the Nd-YAG laser, which is known for its high transmissibility into teeth, to the root canal, and the apical area. In its histological images it is considered to the action on bacteria and bacteria-infected substances inside the root canal through calcification of the dentinal surface layer facing the dental pulp, closure of the dentinal canal opening, and there was substantial change in the dentine in the outer layer. We have achieved good clinical results using this method; we eventually extracted only two teeth in 200 cases; it is thus very significant that most of the teeth of the patients still maintain their function, although they were diagnosed as non-preservable using conventional methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cat scratch disease. An epidemiological and ultrastructural study of lymphadenitis caused by Warthin-Starry positive bacteria.

The aetiological agent of cat scratch disease (CSD) has been unknown for more than 30 years. Recently, a micro-organism clearly shown with Warthin-Starry silver (W-S) stain was found and thought to be a possible cause of the disease. In this study, 32 cases of regional lymphadenopathy histologically compatible with CSD and 20 contrasting cases of lymphadenopathy were examined retrospectively with W-S stain. W-S positive pleomorphic organisms were clearly demonstrated in 20 of the 32 suspected cases of CSD, but in none of the other cases. The onset of disease in these 20 cases with W-S positive organisms occurred between July and January. This seasonal variation in the onset of disease was highly significant (P less than 0.005) and was not due to a single epidemic. Moreover, some characteristic morphological features of the organism were found by electron microscopic observations. Ultrastructurally, the organism was a bacterium showing a chain-like arrangement, septal formation, branching and clubbed ends.

Abscess↗
PubMed1988

Pulmonary leiomyomatosis showing endobronchial extension and giant cyst formation.

A 49-year-old woman who had previously undergone hysterectomy was found to have multiple pulmonary masses and cysts and experienced respiratory failure. Bronchoscopic study revealed an endobronchial mass obstructing the left main bronchus and protruding into the trachea. She was treated with an endoscopic laser to eliminate the airway obstruction. After recovery from the respiratory failure, two-stage thoracotomies were performed at six-month intervals. The endobronchial mass originated from a tumor in the left basal segment. The histologic findings on the cysts and nodules of both lungs were compatible with fibroleiomyoma. The final diagnosis was pulmonary leiomyomatosis with myoma uteri.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Plasma levels of leukotrienes C4 and D4 during wheezing attack in asthmatic patients.

To study a role of leukotrienes (LTs) in bronchial asthma, we measured LTC4 and LTD4 in plasma of 16 asthmatics during wheezing attack and of 4 normal subjects. Plasma of arterial blood was processed by extraction using the SEP-PAK, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Fractions from HPLC with elution times which corresponded to synthetic LTC4 and LTD4 were used for quantification of LTs by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and bioassay. LTC4 was detected in 13 out of 16 asthmatics by RIA (mean +/- SD, 410 +/- 630 pg/ml) and in 5 by bioassay. LTD4 was detected in 10 out of 16 asthmatics by RIA (mean +/- SD, 540 +/- 290 pg/ml) and in 7 by bioassay. No LTs were detected by either method in the normal subjects. The present study shows that LTC4 and LTD4 play a role as chemical mediators during asthmatic attack.

Adult↗