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Biomedical subjects

M T Buschmann

Publications and source records attributed to M T Buschmann.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Mental illness in late life: the neurobiology of depression.

The majority of elderly adults negotiate late life free from significant psychological disability. However, depression is one of the most common and distressing mental health problems they face. A number of factors associated with mental health, illness and depression in older adults is reviewed. In addition, an overview of selected psychological and biological theories related to depression are presented with the focus on genetic studies and the neurobiologic nature of stress to demonstrate the interaction between brain, behavior, cognition, and emotion. Psychiatric mental health nurses are challenged not only to examine the complex interaction between physical, mental, and social factors, but to integrate this knowledge into the discipline of psychiatric-mental health nursing, its practice, research, and education.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Interviewing older adults: increasing the credibility of interview data.

1. Contextual data obtained through open-ended interviewing allows the nurse to individualize the nursing care plan and can maximize the nurse's problem solving skills. 2. The interviewer who obtains credible data obtains believable data which accurately portrays the situation from the subject's point of view. 3. Interviewing techniques which can increase self-esteem in the older adult are: nonjudgmental wording of questions; providing positive reinforcement; giving the individual control; matching gender; allowing time; adapting to hearing and vision impairments; and adapting to reading deficits.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Prevention of pressure ulcers in elderly nursing home residents: are special support surfaces the answer?

This article describes a research study that compared the effectiveness of two pressure-reducing devices in a group of elderly nursing home residents. The results obtained revealed no significant differences between the two devices--an air-filled overlay and a gel mattress--in terms of pressure ulcer incidence, severity, and healing. Several factors contributed to these results and illustrate the problems encountered when preventing pressure ulcer development in a group of elderly, debilitated nursing home residents. These factors include ease of use of the pressure-reducing device, caregiver and facility characteristics, and critical patient variables. Until these variables are addressed, it is impossible for any device to be effective in preventing pressure ulcer development in nursing homes.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Nuclear envelope invaginations in hamster facial motor neurons during development and aging.

Morphometric measurements of nuclear envelope invaginations (NEI) in hamster facial motor neurons were made. These showed that the amount of NEI increased markedly between fetal life and birth to a high level that was maintained during the period of accelerated neuronal somal growth. Subsequently, the amount of NEI decreased to a plateau of low incidence that persisted through maturity and aging. This sequence of NEI formation and subsidence differs from that previously observed in a similar developing and aging series of pyramidal neurons in the same species. This may indicate, as discussed, that the presence of NEI reflects stage-specific functions that may differ depending on neuronal type.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

Morphometry of nuclei, nuclear envelopes and nucleoli in aging hamster cerebrum.

The neuronal nucleus and nucleolus undergo extensive dimensional and configurational changes during maturation and aging, as shown in this study of pyramidal cells of the hamster motor cortex. With maturation, the increase in nuclear perimeter length per unit nuclear area was associated with an increased amount of nuclear invaginations. With maturation and aging, there was a change in nuclear caliper shape, from spherical to very nonspherical. The number of nucleoli containing microbodies peaked first at 15 days and again at 600 days. It is concluded that area, perimeter and form factor relate to nuclear caliper shape and the presence of nucleolar microbodies. The correlated changes in these parameters appear to differentially reflect stage-specific metabolic conditions related to two critical phases: (1) an early phase (10-15 days) at the inception of configurational changes leading to maturity, and (2) a late phase (600-700 days) at the inception of configurational changes leading to old age.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

Nuclear envelope invaginations in hamster pyramidal cells during development and aging.

Nuclear envelope invaginations were observed in pyramidal cell nuclei of the hamster frontal cortex during development and aging. These invaginations which began to appear at 10 day did not recede at maturity as has been observed in certain other cell types, but persisted in the adult hamster and during subsequent aging. Morphometric data showed a significant increase in the number of nuclear envelope invaginations and in their length per unit of the nucleus. This increase was positively correlated with age until 500 days and is suggestive of a continued high metabolic activity that did not subside following the rapid growth phase of the pyramidal neurons.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Development of lamellar bodies and subsurface cisterns in pyramidal cells and neuroblasts of hamster cerebral cortex.

In pyramidal cells of hamster frontal cortex lamellar bodies and subsurface cisterns sequentially occurred during development from newborn to three months of age. Neither of these two specializations of the rough endoplasmic reticulum was seen in neurons of the newborn. The first specialization that we observed was the subsurface cistern, which appeared at five days and showed a significant increase both in frequency and in length throughout development. The lamellar body was first seen at ten days of age. This specialization showed a peaking of frequency, length, and number of cisterns per body at 15 days, which subsequently decreased gradually to 3-month-old levels. The occurrence of lamellar body-subsurface cistern complexes increased with age. We suggest that the lamellar body may be an ER specialization that is involved in an increased and/or stage-specific protein synthesis in the young prior to the final maturation of the usual neuronal protein synthetic organelles, and that in the 3-month-old neurons, the lamellar body may be involved in modifying, storing or transporting metabolites received from the neuropil components via the subsurface cisterns. The subsurface cistern, on the other hand, by virtue of its location subjacent to the neuronal plasma membrane and of its increased frequency from birth to maturation, may be involved in the exchange of metabolites and nonsynaptic forms of communication at all ages.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Thinning of capillary walls and declining numbers of endothelial mitochondria in the cerebral cortex of the aging primate, Macaca nemestrina.

Samples were obtained from the frontal and occipital cortex of Macaque monkeys at 4, 10 and 20 years of age. Electron microscopic studies revealed attenuation of capillary walls and declining numbers of endothelial mitochondria per capillary profile with increasing age. The basal lamina surrounding the capillary increased in thickness between 4 and 10 years of age; however, it did not undergo further change between 10 and 20 years. These results corroborate morphological and biochemical studies indicative of declining numbers of mitochondria, and decreasing mitochondrial ATP synthesis and ATPase activity in other tissues during aging.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Geriatric depression.

In late life, depression is the most prevalent functional psychiatric disorder. Because the presentation may be multicausal and clinically complex, early assessment of biologic and psychosocial factors, diagnosis, and appropriate referral are important in ameliorating the associated morbidity and mortality. Nurses must have current knowledge and skills to assess mood states of elderly persons and to implement appropriate interventions. Successful management of depression in the elderly results in a reformulation of purpose and an enhanced quality of life.

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