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M T Cousin

Publications and source records attributed to M T Cousin.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[French scientific contributions to anesthesia. Curares and the neuromuscular junction].

In France, a number of scientists from the fields of chemistry, physiology and surgery have been interested in anaesthesiology. Claude Bernard, who published in 1872 the most exhaustive studies on anaesthesia, was also interested from 1844 in drug curare. He created a methodology, studied pharmacology, including pharmacokinetics and demonstrated the specific action on motor nerves while muscle retained its irritability. It was however A. Vulpian who put forward the idea that curare does not affect the nerve itself but may act on a "linking substance" between nerve and muscle. In these times (1862), Rouget described the end apparatus at the nerve-muscle junction in a way which was finally accepted by German authors. Fifty years later, Couteaux achieved the microanatomic study of the end plate (1909). More recently (1972), Changeux and his team isolated the acetylcholine receptor from the electric organ of the torpedo fish.

Anesthesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Addition of a morphinomimetic to the continuous perfusion of 0.125% bupivacaine for peridural obstetrical anesthesia. A comparative study of fentanyl and alfentanyl].

Morphinic drugs added to epidural local anesthetic during labour enhance analgesia and obstetrical conditions. Fentanyl, 1 microgram/kg-1, is safe for the newborn. Alfentanil is of faster and shorter duration and its pharmacokinetics suggests less accumulation than fentanyl. The aim of this study is to compare Alfentanil versus Fentanyl when added to an epidural continuous bupivacaine 0.125% infusion. Two groups of parturients are constituted: group A 10 micrograms/kg alfentanil, group F 1 microgram/kg fentanyl. Pain is assessed with a 0 to 10 points scale. There are no differences between the two groups for age, weight, parity, term, initial cervical dilatation and new born weight. Analgesia begins quickly in the two groups, and is more pronounced in the group A (than in the group F (p less than 0.005). Analgesia is maintained for the whole dilatation course. Pain scores increase during expulsion but are significantly lower than the initial scores. No difference is noted as regards analgesia supplementation. Obstetrical data: labour duration, oxytocin dosage, expulsion strength, instrumental extraction rate and uterin evacuation are similar in the 2 groups. No cesarean section is observed. Neonatal status, established according to Apgar scores and then Amiel Tison neurological scales (0 to 30) respectively at 30 to 120 minutes are in the same favorable ranges: Apgar score is in all cases more than 9. The neurological score is 24 (group A) and 22.9 (group F) at 30 minutes and increases significantly at 120 minutes in the 2 groups (27 in the two groups).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
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[Proteinuria after infusion of gelatin. Comparison of Plasmion and Haemaccel].

Modified gelatin are said without deleterious effect on kidney, an important proteinuria as been seen however in surgical patients after gelatin perfusion. A study in 15 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery compared the renal effects of two modified gelatin: Plasmion (gr P) and Haemaccel (gr H) administered in a similar manner. In the two groups proteinuria appears as soon as perfusion begins with at the third hour a peak which may be as high as 6 g/l. In the same time low molecular weight proteinuria (less than 30 kdalton) appears. The beta 2 microglobulinuria (beta 2m) is significatively enhanced (p less than 0,001). Albuminuria is also enhanced but without statistic signification. Comparison between the two groups reveals that in gr P proteinuria is of the same importance, but delayed, with a significatively smaller elimination of beta 2m (1,8 mg/mmol creatininuria versus 8,6,p less than 0,001). Enzymuria increases in a variable fashion. Proteinuria is probably due to tubular reabsorption inhibition of filtered protein induced by gelatin, particularly by amino acids arginine and lysin which become free after gelatin hydrolysis. If this phenomenon is pathologic or not is unclear and gelatin cannot be said absolutely innocuous. However this phenomenon must be known when proteinuria specially beta 2m is to be interpreted.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of buprenorphine in the postoperative period in heart surgery. Evaluation of its efficacy and tolerance].

Twenty patients were studied in the early post-operative period after cardiac surgery with sternotomy. Buprenorphine was prescribed: 0.3 mg intra-muscularly after total recovery from anaesthesia (8th hour) then every 8 hours if requested during 72 hours. The patients auto-estimated their level of analgesia, the clinical effects were measured with regard to heart rate, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, and respiratory rate, before, 2 and 4 hours after each injection. Buprenorphine administration produces an effective, long lasting (8 to 12 hours) analgesia. No significant changes in haemodynamic or respiratory parameters were noticed. Side effects occurred rarely: 5 cases of drowsiness, reversible by verbal stimulation, 2 of nausea and sweats, 2 retentions of urine (after vesical catheter withdrawal). Parenteral buprenorphine is satisfactory for treatment of severe thoracic pain due to sternotomy, although the oral route would be safer during effective anticoagulant treatment.

Adolescent↗
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[Porphyrias].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anesthesia↗
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[Early enteral feeding with a jejunal catheter in digestive surgery. 100 cases].

Catheterization through a jejunostomy was employed in 100 patients undergoing major digestive surgery. Early enteral feeding was possible by this route in 69 cases, using either simple or, more frequently, complex nutrient solutions. In spite of several incidents due mainly to the initiation of this procedure, and a high proportion of functional disorders (diarrhoea and meteorism in 23 and 28% of cases respectively), this method appears to be favorable both in respect of nutrition and from the practical point of view.

Adult↗