Biomedical subjects

M T Gross

Publications and source records attributed to M T Gross.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1995

Lower quarter screening for skeletal malalignment--suggestions for orthotics and shoewear.

Skeletal malalignments of the lower quarter, deformities within a bone or at a joint, may be the primary cause of musculoskeletal patient problems. Skeletal malalignments also may sustain the presence of a musculoskeletal patient problem that has some other causal mechanism. A screening exam for skeletal alignment of the lower quarter may assist clinicians in identifying skeletal malalignments that are associated with a musculoskeletal complaint. The purposes of this paper are to: 1) describe components for a skeletal alignment screening exam, 2) analyze how lower quarter malalignments may influence lower quarter function and contribute to the development of musculoskeletal pathology, and 3) suggest general characteristics of foot orthoses and shoes that may assist in the management of musculoskeletal patient problems of the lower quarter.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗

PubMed1994

Effect of including a clinical example on the ability of physical therapists to apply information in a technical research report.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether an example in a technical research report would affect application of content to hypothetical patient problems and to future patients. SUBJECTS: Subjects were 69 physical therapists who routinely used isokinetic equipment in the treatment of patients with knee joint pathologies. METHODS: Thirty-five subjects (group 1) read a research report that described mathematical models for predicting preinjury quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscle performance. The report included an example of applying the information. The remaining 34 subjects (group 2) read the same research report with the example omitted. Subjects were asked to select appropriate prediction models and determine preinjury knee torques for two hypothetical patients. Subjects were also contacted 6 to 12 weeks after initial data collection to determine whether they had applied research report results in their treatments of patients. RESULTS: Chi-square analyses indicated manuscript type was not related to the selection of correct models, but group 1 subjects computed correct torque values more frequently than did group 2 subjects. Insufficient data were available regarding application of research report content to patients. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: The results indicate application of technically oriented research reports may be enhanced by including examples of applications. (Gross MT, Sekerak DK, Allen DD. Effect of including a clinical example on the ability of physical therapists to apply information in a technical research report.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Comparison of DonJoy ankle ligament protector and subtalar sling ankle taping in restricting foot and ankle motion before and after exercise.

Clinicians often must select an appropriate prophylactic ankle support system for their patients from a variety of ankle orthoses and ankle taping configurations. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the DonJoy Ankle Ligament Protector and a newly developed ankle taping procedure in restricting foot and ankle motion before and after exercise. Subjects were eight males and eight females who reported no history of ankle injury during the 6 months prior to testing, neurological condition, lower extremity arthritis, lower extremity fracture, or cardiac or balance problems. A Biodex dynamometer and computer were used to impose passive moments and to measure eversion and inversion prior to application of the ankle support systems, following application, and following 10 minutes of figure-of-eight running and 20 unilateral toe raises. Both ankles of each subject were assessed for each ankle support system. Subjects also compared the support systems for comfort, stability, and cosmetic acceptability. Both ankle support systems significantly reduced eversion and inversion following application and following exercise compared with preapplication measurements. Eversion measurements increased significantly following exercise for both ankle support systems compared with postapplication measurements. Inversion displacement following application was greater for the Ankle Ligament Protector than the ankle taping system. The two ankle support systems did not differ significantly following exercise for eversion or inversion measurements. The results may assist clinicians in selecting either of these ankle support systems for use in protection against ankle sprain injury.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Effect of Donjoy Ankle Ligament Protector and Aircast Sport-Stirrup orthoses on functional performance.

Clinicians often are faced with the task of selecting an ankle orthosis that will provide protection against ankle sprain injury and will not have a deleterious effect on functional performance. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the DonJoy Ankle Ligament Protector (ALP) and the Aircast Sport-Stirrup (AS) on three functional performance tasks: the 40-m sprint run, the figure-of-eight run, and the standing vertical jump. Subjects were eight males and eight females who reported no history of ankle injury during the 6 months prior to testing; neurological condition; lower extremity surgery or pathology; or cardiac, pulmonary, vascular, or balance problems. Each subject performed all functional tasks on the first test day with both ankles unbraced and with one randomly selected ankle braced with one of the two orthoses. Each subject returned for testing on a second day and performed all tasks with both ankles unbranced and with the other orthosis on the previously selected ankle. Subjects also rated the orthoses for comfort and support. An ANOVA indicated that braced data were not significantly different than unbraced data and that data for the two orthoses did not differ significantly for any of the functional performance tasks. Seventy-five percent of the subjects reported the AS was more comfortable than the ALP, and 63% of the subjects indicated that the ALP provided more support than the AS. Neither orthosis had a deleterious effect on functional performance. The results may assist clinicians in selecting either of these orthoses for use in protection against ankle sprain injury.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Effect of knee angle and ligament insufficiency on anterior tibial translation during quadriceps muscle contraction: a preliminary report.

Additional information is needed regarding the effects of exercise protocols on the injured or reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects of knee flexion angle and ACL insufficiency on anterior tibial translation (ATT) and patellar ligament insertion angle as subjects performed maximal isometric quadriceps muscle contractions. The subjects were two females and two males between the ages of 18 and 24 who had sustained injuries that resulted in unilateral ACL insufficiency. Each subject performed maximum isometric quadriceps muscle contractions with each leg on a Cybex II dynamometer at each of three positions: 15, 45, and 75 degrees knee flexion. A lateral knee roentgenogram was obtained as each subject maintained each isometric muscle contraction. A roentgenogram also was taken as subjects rested each knee in each of the three target positions. Anterior tibial translation for each isometric muscle contraction was assessed by measuring the anterior displacement of the tibial plateau on the isometric resisted roentgenogram relative to the resting roentgenogram. Patellar ligament insertion angle also was measured for each roentgenogram. Maximum ATT occurred at the 15 degrees knee flexion target angle for two subjects and at the 45 degrees target angle for the other two subjects. Patellar ligament insertion angle decreased as knee flexion angle increased. Appreciable stress may be imposed on the ACL as patients perform maximum quadriceps muscle contractions in positions of terminal knee extension and in midrange positions previously reported as being safe for maximal effort quadriceps exercise. Magnitude of stress imposed on the ACL is discussed as a function of the length-tension relationship of the quadriceps muscle-tendon unit and insertion angle of the patellar ligament. Suggestions are made for additional research regarding appropriate muscle strengthening protocols for patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Comparison of vastus medialis obliquus: vastus lateralis muscle integrated electromyographic ratios between healthy subjects and patients with patellofemoral pain.

The purpose of this study was to compare vastus medialis obliquus:vastus lateralis muscle (VMO:VL) integrated electromyographic (IEMG) ratios of healthy subjects and patients with unilateral patellofemoral pain (PFP) under isotonic and isometric quadriceps femoris muscle contraction conditions. Subjects ranging in age from 18 to 35 years (mean = 28.06, SD = 5.97) were assigned to one of three groups on the basis of type of knee condition. In group 1, which consisted of seven healthy control subjects with no history of knee pathology, both knees were tested. In group 2, which consisted of nine patients with unilateral PFP, only the painful knee was tested. In group 3, which consisted of the same nine patients who comprised group 2, only the nonpainful knee was tested. Nonnormalized and normalized VMO:VL IEMG ratios were computed for ascending stairs, descending stairs, submaximal isometric contraction, and maximal isometric contraction (nonnormalized only). A two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures indicated VMO:VL ratios for isotonic stair-climbing activities were significantly greater than VMO:VL ratios for isometric contractions. Nonnormalized VMO:VL ratios in group 1 were significantly greater than nonnormalized VMO:VL ratios in the other two groups. Patients with PFP may have abnormal VMO:VL activation patterns, and isotonic quadriceps femoris muscle exercise may elicit more favorable muscle activation patterns than isometric exercise for patients with PFP.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Validity of knee flexion and extension peak torque prediction models.

The primary purpose of this study was to test the validity of predictive models relating isokinetic knee torque production to anthropometric and demographic variables. Subjects were 23 healthy female and 15 healthy male volunteers between the ages of 10 and 77 years. We measured subjects' peak knee flexion and extension torque production at two angular velocities. For each torque dependent variable, we calculated a Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient between the measured torque values and the values obtained with prediction equations. The difference between the squared value of the correlation coefficients and the regression multiple R2 values obtained for an original group of 134 subjects ranged between .05 and .10 for the torque dependent variables. The results indicate the validity of the regression models at the level specified by the multiple regression R2 values. Clinicians can use the prediction equations presented in this article to establish rehabilitation goals for patients and can estimate the error involved in applying each prediction equation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Relationship between multiple predictor variables and normal knee torque production.

The purpose of this study was to develop predictive models relating isokinetic knee testing performance to anthropometric and demographic variables. The subjects were 134 healthy volunteers (70 female, 64 male) between the ages of 10 and 80 years. The investigators measured subjects' peak knee flexion and extension torque production at two angular velocities. Stepwise regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between each torque-dependent variable and the following potential predictor variables: age, sex, side of lower extremity dominance, height, weight, percentage of body fat, and thigh girth. The investigators generated two sets of models designed to predict preinjury knee strength. Clinicians can use one set of models by assessing predictor variables before or immediately following injury. The second set of models involves the assessment of predictor variables postinjury, excluding an assessment of percentage of body fat and thigh girth. The results indicated that peak knee torque production can be predicted with statistically significant accuracy (multiple R = .78-.87). The predictive models generated in this study can be used to establish muscle strength goals for patient rehabilitative programs.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Exercise programs for patients with post-polio syndrome: a case report.

Several authors have reported on post-polio syndrome, indicating a decline in muscle strength in individuals years after the onset of poliomyelitis. These reports include suggestions that strenuous exercise programs are contraindicated and may have deleterious effects for patients with post-polio syndrome. The purpose of this case study was to examine the effects of an aggressive, six-week isokinetic exercise program on a 59-year-old patient with post-polio syndrome. Peak torque values were assessed before and during the exercise program, and 6 and 22 weeks following cessation of the exercise program. The results indicate no deleterious effects secondary to the exercise program. The authors suggest future research strategies to investigate the efficacy of exercise programs for patients with post-polio syndrome.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗

PubMed1987

Effects of recurrent lateral ankle sprains on active and passive judgements of joint position.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of recurrent lateral ankle sprains on subjects' active and passive judgments of joint position. Fourteen subjects with recurrent unilateral ankle sprains contributed data to two groups: 1) In Group 1, the subjects' 14 sprained ankles were tested and 2) in Group 2, the same 14 subjects' contralateral nonsprained ankles were tested. An additional seven subjects with no history of injury to either ankle comprised Group 3 with 14 nonsprained control ankles. The experimenter tested all blindfolded subjects with active and passive attempts at replicating predetermined ankle joint positions in the inversion-eversion range of motion. An isokinetic dynamometer measured joint position. A two-way analysis of variance indicated no significant effect caused by ankle injury or noninjury. Passive judgments were significantly better than active judgments of joint position (p less than .01) in the nonsprained control group. The results suggest that joint receptors play a dominant role in joint angle detection and that muscle receptors are more valuable in the perception of joint movement.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Thermal denaturation of cytochrome c peroxidase: pH dependence.

Upon heating cytochrome c peroxidase (ferrocytochrome c: hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.5) at pH 4 and 5, the enzyme precipitates at 41 degrees C and 51 degrees C, respectively. Incubating the enzyme at lower temperatures causes a slow dissociation of the heme from the protein. The heme precipitates, while the apoprotein remains soluble. Between pH 6 and 8, the native enzyme is converted to a low-spin ferric form upon heating. The Soret maximum shifts from 408 to 414 nm. The midpoint of this transition is pH-dependent, with a value of 46 degrees C at pH 6 decreasing to 29 degrees C at pH 8. At high temperatures the 414 nm form is converted to a species which has a 'free heme' spectrum with low absorptivity and Soret maximum at 390 nm. The midpoint temperature of this latter transition is 62 degrees C and 57 degrees C at pH 7 and 8, respectively.

Cytochrome-c Peroxidase↗