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Biomedical subjects

M T Kearney

Publications and source records attributed to M T Kearney.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Central and peripheral haemodynamic responses to high carbohydrate and high fat meals in human cardiac transplant recipients.

1. Patients with autonomic dysfunction and elderly people with an age-related decline in autonomic function can suffer from a fall in blood pressure after eating. While the cardiovascular changes after eating and the effect of meal composition on these changes are well established, the underlying mechanisms are less clear. 2. This study assessed the cardiac, circulatory and humoral responses to ingestion of isoenergetic (2.5 MJ) high carbohydrate and high fat meals in nine orthotopic cardiac transplant recipients, who before transplantation had significant circulatory, metabolic and autonomic abnormalities and after transplantation had complete or partial extrinsic cardiac denervation, and compared them to the responses seen in nine healthy age-matched control subjects. 3. All variables were measured non-invasively. Cardiac transplant recipients, despite cardiac denervation, showed a normal heart rate response to high carbohydrate and high fat meals (maximal increase at 30 min postprandially + 7.8 +/- 1.1 and + 63 +/- 1.4 beats/min respectively), a normal cardiac output response to the high carbohydrate meal (maximal increase at 30 min + 1.16 +/- 0.25 l/min), but a significantly attenuated cardiac output response to the high fat meal. Cardiac transplant recipients had attenuated superior mesenteric artery blood flow responses after both meals (P < 0.05) and an attenuated calf vascular resistance response after the high fat meal (P < 0.01). Throughout the study after both meals, cardiac transplant recipients maintained blood pressure. 4. This study demonstrates that cardiac transplant recipients, despite partial or complete cardiac denervation, have a normal chronotropic response to food and a normal cardiac output response to a high carbohydrate meal. The attenuated cardiac output response to a high fat meal did not compromise blood pressure, due at least in part to decreased splanchnic vasodilatation.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Community survey of home nebulizer technique by elderly people.

To determine the prevalence and nature of difficulties elderly subjects experience using home nebulizers we have studied all patients in the Leeds Health District aged 70 years and older loaned a nebulizer from the hospital for at least 6 months. Of 42 subjects with a nebulizer, 40 (95%) agreed to assessment. They had a mean age of 79 years (range 70-84 years) and mean duration of nebulizer use of 38 months (range 6-120 months). Twenty subjects had one or more problems with 14/40 (35%) rated as moderate or severe; difficulties with cleaning 16/40 (40%) and filling 7/40 (18%) were the most frequent; 13/40 (33%) were sometimes or always dependent on their carers to administer their nebulizers. Elderly subjects often experience practical difficulties, or require help from a carer, when using a home nebulizer.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of oxidant production by bovine neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages stimulated with Brucella abortus strain 2308.

Oxidant production by bovine monocyte-derived macrophages and neutrophils was compared after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), opsonized zymosan (OZ), and B. abortus opsonized with naive-autologous, reactor, or fetal bovine sera. Neutrophils responded more rapidly to all stimuli and produced up to 100-fold greater oxidant than did equal numbers of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages. Macrophages and neutrophils stimulated with PMA, OZ, and reactor-opsonized B. abortus had higher mean oxidant production than phagocytes exposed to B. abortus opsonized with autologous sera, fetal bovine serum, or nonopsonized bacteria. Stimulation of macrophages by opsonized zymosan, buffer, and B. abortus opsonized with autologous sera, reactor serum, or fetal bovine serum resulted in low levels of oxidant production that were not significantly different. Only PMA caused a significantly higher level of oxidant production by macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of ivermectin against experimental infections of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in goats.

Fourteen nematode parasite-naïve kids were given a mixed larval inoculum (approximately 17,250 infective larvae) via stomach tube. Twenty-two days after infection, the kids were randomly assigned to control and treatment groups of seven animals each. Mean eggs per gram for control and treatment groups were 4304 and 5315, respectively. Kids in the treatment group were given ivermectin (0.2 mg kg-1) administered by subcutaneous injection. At necropsy, the mean numbers of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis for control and treatment groups were 2259 and 0, and 3033 and 773, respectively. This reduction was significant (P less than 0.05) for both species, resulting in an efficacy of 100.0% and 74.5%, respectively. The lower efficacy against T. colubriformis may be a sign of resistance, a reduced effectiveness due to route of administration, or a higher dose may be required with subcutaneous administration, as has been observed previously.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effect of fenbendazole molasses supplement block treatment on nematode infection and subsequent weight gain of weanling beef calves.

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of fenbendazole molasses supplement block treatment on weight gain of weanling beef calves. An initial (November) oral fenbendazole (5 mg kg-1) treatment was administered to all animals in both trials. In Trials 1 and 2, respectively, two fenbendazole molasses supplement block treatments were administered 6 (6.4 mg kg-1) and 16 (7.0 mg kg-1) weeks later and 7 (3.4 mg kg-1) and 14 (3.8 mg kg-1) weeks later. During the treatment periods, calves were maintained on dormant bermuda grass pasture, supplemented with hay and protein/mineral blocks. The first block treatment was administered approximately midway through the supplement period to suppress the infection level when nutrition was marginal. The second treatment was administered just prior to ryegrass grazing. Trial 1 and 2 treatments resulted in reducing the infection level, as indicated by reduced mean fecal egg counts. Treatment group mean fecal egg counts remained lower than control group mean counts throughout each trial. In Trial 1, the treatment group gained 29.5 kg more than the control group. In Trial 2, the control group gained 15.5 kg more than the treatment group. Fecal egg count data indicated that the infection level during Trial 1 was higher than during Trial 2. This difference could influence weight gain.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Effects of intra-articular administration of methylprednisolone acetate on normal articular cartilage and on healing of experimentally induced osteochondral defects in horses.

The effects of intra-articular administration of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) on the healing of full-thickness osteochondral defects and on normal cartilage were evaluated in 8 horses. In group-1 horses (n = 4), a 1-cm-diameter, full-thickness defect was created bilaterally in the articular cartilage on the dorsal distal surface of the radial carpal bone. Cartilage defects were not created in group-2 horses (n = 4). One middle carpal joint was randomly selected in each horse (groups 1 and 2), and treated with an intra-articular injection of 100 mg of MPA, once a week for 4 treatments. Injections began 1 week after surgery in group-1 horses. The contralateral middle carpal joint received intra-articular injections of an equivalent volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution (SCS), and served as a control. Horses were evaluated for 16 weeks, then were euthanatized, and the middle carpal joints were examined and photographed. Synovial and articular cartilage specimens were obtained for histologic and histochemical evaluation. Gross morphometric evaluation of the healing defects in group-1 horses revealed that 48.6% of the defect in control joints and 0% of the defect in MPA-treated joints was resurfaced with a smooth, white tissue, histologically confirmed as fibrocartilage. This replacement tissue was a firmly attached fibrocartilage in control joints and a thin fibrous tissue in MPA-treated joints. The articular cartilage in joints treated with MPA had morphologic changes, including chondrocyte cluster formation, loss of palisading architecture, and cellular necrosis in both groups of horses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Avian paramyxoviruses from migrating and resident ducks in coastal Louisiana.

Cloacal and tracheal swabs were collected from 1,409 hunter-killed ducks in Cameron Parish, Louisiana, during the 1986 and 1987 waterfowl seasons. Thirty avian paramyxoviruses (PMV's) were isolated from 605 blue-winged teal (Anas discors), 75 mottled ducks (A. fulvigula), 375 gadwalls (A. strepera), 334 green-winged teal (A. crecca), and 20 mallards (A. platyrhynchos). Prevalence of PMV decreased (P = 0.042) from September (4%) through November (2%) to December and January (1%). Juveniles had a higher prevalence of PMV (P less than 0.0001) than adults. An isolate from resident mottled ducks documents transmission of PMV's on the coastal wintering areas of Louisiana. The four serotypes isolated, PMV-1, PMV-4, PMV-6, and PMV-8, were typical of PMV's commonly associated with free-living waterfowl.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Antibodies to vesicular stomatitis New Jersey type virus in white-tailed deer on Ossabaw Island, Georgia, 1985 to 1989.

From 1985 to 1989, 491 serum samples were collected from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on Ossabaw Island, Georgia (USA) and were tested for neutralizing antibodies to New Jersey and Indiana type vesicular stomatitis viruses. Prevalence of antibodies to vesicular stomatitis New Jersey (VSNJ) virus in deer for the 5-yr period was 43%. Prevalence of antibodies differed by year (P less than 0.0001), and was dependent on age class (P less than 0.0001) and location on the island (P less than 0.0001). Of 173 deer sampled from other locations in the southeastern United States, only two had VSNJ antibody titers normally considered positive (greater than or equal to 1: 32). The positive deer were from Union County, Arkansas (USA) and Wakulla County, Florida (USA). No evidence of exposure to vesicular stomatitis Indiana Virus was observed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Quantitative urinalysis in kittens from four to thirty weeks after birth.

To evaluate renal function and obtain reference values for measurements of urinary excretion of various substances, quantitative urinalysis was performed in healthy, growing kittens from 4 to 30 weeks after birth. Endogenous creatinine clearance, 24-hour urine protein excretion, and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio were determined. Additionally, fractional excretion to creatinine clearance was calculated for calcium, inorganic phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and chloride. Mean +/- SD endogenous creatinine clearance values (range, 3.80 +/- 0.48 to 4.74 +/- 0.61 ml/min/kg) were significantly (P less than 0.0001) higher in kittens 9 to 19 weeks old, compared with younger (range, 1.39 +/- 0.85 to 3.59 +/- 0.86 ml/min/kg) and older kittens (range, 2.69 +/- 0.40 to 3.46 +/- 0.37 ml/min/kg). Mean values for all kittens for 24-hour urine protein excretion (range, 2.54 +/- 1.81 mg/kg at 4 weeks to 11.39 +/- 7.61 mg/kg at 14 weeks) and for urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (range, 0.14 +/- 0.03 to 0.34 +/- 0.18) varied from week to week of age. The urine protein-to-creatinine ratio in kittens greater than or equal to 9 weeks old correlated well (R2 = 0.861) with 24-hour urine protein excretion. Urinary fractional excretion of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and chloride in kittens varied among age groups, being significantly (P less than 0.01) different for potassium and calcium in young kittens (4 to 6 weeks) and older kittens (greater than or equal to 7 weeks).

Aging↗
PubMed1988

Ophthalmic corticosteroid therapy: systemic effects in the dog.

Degenerative myopathy suggestive of glucocorticoid-induced myopathy was diagnosed in a 10-year-old female Poodle X Pekingese dog with a history of progressive lameness. Electromyography revealed bizarre high-frequency discharges. Evidence of adrenal suppression was obtained in response to exogenous ACTH. The predominant source of corticosteroid was an ophthalmic preparation used in the management of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Considering the apparent adverse effects of the corticosteroid in this case, a study was undertaken to determine the systemic effects, if any, induced by long-term ophthalmic administration of 0.1% dexamethasone suspension in healthy adult dogs. Dogs in one group (n = 5) were treated 4 times daily for 8 weeks, and dogs in another group (n = 5) were treated 4 times daily for 16 weeks. All dogs remained healthy throughout the study, but dexamethasone-treated dogs developed marked adrenal suppression, beginning the second week of treatment and intensifying throughout the treatment period. Histopathologic changes in the liver of dexamethasone-treated dogs included scattered foci of vacuolated hepatocytes, increased hepatocytic glycogen content, and ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes. Muscle specimens were histologically, histochemically, and electromyographically normal.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1988

Hypovolemia, hyperosmolality, and acidosis associated with intraperitoneal infusion of nitrofurazone solution in healthy horses.

Nitrofurazone solution containing 0.2% nitrofurazone and 99.8% polyethylene glycol was given to 4 healthy horses (2 L in 2 L of lactated Ringer solution, intraperitoneally). Horses developed hypovolemia, hyperosmolality, and mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis. These changes were largely attributable to polyethylene glycol, but a contribution of nitrofurazone cannot be excluded. Intraperitoneal infusion of nitrofurazone solution in horses is contraindicated.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1988

Efficacy of oxfendazole against inhibited larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi acquired by calves in the spring.

During the spring of 1985, 40 calves grazed pastures known to have high numbers of spring inhibition-prone, infective Ostertagia ostertagi larvae. Calves were removed from pasture and placed in outdoor pens with concrete floors from 10 days prior to treatment until necropsy 14 days after treatment. Ten calves were allocated to each of 4 treatment groups, and oxfendazole was administered to each group by intraruminal injection at dosages of 0, 2.25, 4.5, and 6.75 mg/kg of body weight. Efficacies greater than or equal to 94.6% were achieved at dosages of 4.5 and 6.75 mg/kg against adult Ostertagia spp, Trichostrongylus spp, Haemonchus placei, Cooperia punctata, Bunostomum phlebotomum, Oesophagostomum radiatum, and Dictyocaulus viviparus. Efficacy against inhibited larvae of O ostertagi was variable, with the highest efficacy (90.2%) attained at a dosage of 6.75 mg/kg.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-creatinine ratio from spot samples of urine supernatant, as an indicator of urinary enzyme excretion in dogs.

gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase activity was measured accurately in canine urine supernatant without gel filtration and was relatively stable at 4 C for at least 4 days after collection. The urinary gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-creatinine ratio in spot samples was simple and quick to measure and was correlated with the 24-hour enzyme excretion. However, the usefulness of this ratio may be limited by within-day variation, and a questionable theoretical basis for its validity.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Efficacy of levamisole and netobimin against Haemonchus contortus in lambs in Louisiana.

Efficacy of levamisole was evaluated in a suspected levamisole-resistant population of Haemonchus contortus in the Louisiana State University sheep flock. The efficacy of netobimin also was evaluated against this population of Haemonchus. In trial 1, 5 lambs naturally infected with H contortus were given 8 mg of levamisole/kg of body weight as a drench, and 5 lambs were not treated (controls). Nematode recovery after slaughter indicated 0% efficacy against H contortus. In trial 2, 30 nematode-free lambs were each given 8,300 F1 generation infective larvae of H contortus, which were derived from parent H contortus that survived 2 levamisole treatments in lambs being maintained in a nematode-free environment. Ten lambs were treated with 8 mg of levamisole/kg as a drench, 10 were treated with 20 mg of netobimin/kg as a drench, and 10 were not treated (control). Nematode recovery after slaughter revealed 62.3% and 99.8% efficacy for levamisole and netobimin, respectively, against H contortus.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Diskospondylitis in a kennel of dogs: clinicopathologic findings.

Selected aspects pertaining to the cause and pathogenesis of diskospondylitis were investigated in a kennel of 45 Airedale Terriers. Diskospondylitis was detected via spinal radiography in 17 male and 14 female dogs. Bacteria isolated from the coat, vagina, and urine of affected Airedales were not statistically different from those isolated from clinically normal Airedales. Serologic evidence of Brucella canis infection was not detected. There was no difference in response to thyrotropin stimulation tests between affected and clinically normal dogs. Necropsy findings in affected dogs included hypercellular renal glomeruli and pulmonary arterial thrombi.

Animal Husbandry↗