Army nurses in 'the forgotten war'.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M T Sarnecky.
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Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of the Army Nurse Corps, this article describes the heroic acts of a number of Army nurses. Beginning with the Civil War and concluding with the Vietnam War, examples are given of nurses who were not afraid to take risks to serve the United States of America and its soldiers. Examples portray the steadfast, bold, ethical, caring, and brave behaviors of these nurses as they took the lead on behalf of their patients and other nurses and soldiers.
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Julia Catherine Stimson was the superintendent of the Army Nurse Corps from 1919 until 1937, holding this most senior position longer than any other nurse leader in the 91-year history of the Army Nurse Corps. She was the dean of the Army School of Nursing for 14 of the school's 15 years of existence. Her tenure as president of the American Nurses' Association from 1938 to 1944 spanned what might be considered one of the organization's most tumultuous and challenging times. Additionally, Stimson was one of the most versatile of prominent nurse leaders who shaped the profession's illustrious past. Stimson actively lived a feminist ideology in several singularly oppressive and paternalistic contexts--the upper-class Victorian home, the turn-of-the-century hospital setting and the military establishment of the early 20th century.
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Historical research, a methodology generally accorded scholarly recognition by other disciplines, has yet to achieve full credibility and acceptance within the profession of nursing. This article examines the historical approach and demonstrates that its products constitute legitimate knowledge for nursing. It critically analyzes various extant epistemologies and ontologies that have affected the discipline of nursing, such as logical positivism, the paradigmatic and evolutionary views, and the postempiricist approaches, and ascertains that these belief systems vary greatly in the amount of support that they provide to the historical method of research.
This historical study examines the motivation to serve demonstrated by Army nurses from colonial times to the Vietnam War era. It characterizes this motivation as being predominantly patriotic and voluntary in nature as opposed to being prompted by mandatory conscription. The analysis also focuses on procurement methods aimed at obtaining nursing support that have been employed by the army throughout its 210-year history. Additionally, this study proposes that army nurses' volunteerism is in no way diminished by inducements and benefits. Finally, it suggests that adequate military nursepower might be achieved in the future without resorting to a national policy of conscription.
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Program evaluation is necessary for understanding and improving educational programs in nursing, but it is frequently surrounded by a climate of unease and perplexity. This first article in a two-part series reviews and evaluates extant models of program evaluation using Guba and Lincoln's four generations of evaluation as a theoretical framework. The second article (November/December 1990) examines the state-of-the-art of program evaluation in nursing education and proposes implementation of a responsive model of program evaluation in schools of nursing. The series aims to foster more dynamic, efficient program analysis, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of nursing's educational programs.
While program evaluation is necessary for understanding and improving educational programs in nursing, it is frequently surrounded by a climate of unease and perplexity. The first article (September/October 1990) in this two-part series reviewed models of program evaluation. This second article examines the state-of-the-art of program evaluation in nursing education and proposes implementation of a responsive model of evaluation in schools of nursing. The series aims to foster more dynamic, efficient program analysis, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of nursing education programs.