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Biomedical subjects

M Tałałaj

Publications and source records attributed to M Tałałaj.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Combined therapy with calcitonin and high doses of active vitamin D3 metabolites in uremic hyperparathyroidism].

Active vitamin D3 pulse therapy effectively suppresses parathormone (PTH) synthesis in uremic hyperparathyroidism but high serum levels of calcitriol achieved can induce direct osteoclastic resorption and block bone formation. Therefore we found it interesting to examine whether an addition of the osteoclast inhibitor, calcitonin (CT), could reduce those unwanted effects. 75 hemodialysis patients with at least 5-fold 1-84 PTH serum level elevation were divided into 4 treatment groups: I (n = 19)-CT and 1 alpha-OH-D3; II (n = 20)-CT; III (n = 19)-1 alpha-OH-D3 (n = 10) or 1.25 (OH)2D3 (n = 9) alone; IV (n = 17)-none of these drugs. CT (200 IU) and 1 alpha-OH-D3/1.25(OH)2D3 (up to 5 micrograms) were given 3 times a week. Dialysate Ca was 1.40-1.45 (Group I, III) or 1.95-2.00 mmol/l (Group II, IV). Within 8 months serum 1-84 PTH fell by 75% (p < 0.001) in Group I and by 77% (p < 0.001) in Group II, serum Ca increased by 0.22 +/- 0.05 mmol/l in Group I (p < 0.005) and by 0.25 +/- 0.05 mmol/l in Group III (p < 0.005), alkaline phosphatase activity decreased by 35% in Group I (p < 0.01) and 31% in Group III (p < 0.005) whereas in Groups II and IV no significant changes were noted. In Group III no differences between patients taking 1 alpha-OH-D3 or 1.25 (OH)2D3 were observed. The significant reduction of serum hydroxyproline (37%; p < 0.001) was seen only in Group 1. The increase in bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was greater in Group I than in Group III (p < 0.05). In Group II the effect was mostly insignificant, whereas in Group IV a substantial decrease (p < 0.001) in BMD was observed. These data suggest that combined therapy with CT and oral 1 alpha-OH-D3 pulses is more effective than pulses alone in inhibiting bone resorption and in increasing BMD in hemodialysis patients with uremic hyperparathyroid bone disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Attempt at using chemoluminescence in modern diagnosis and monitoring of therapy in prostatic cancer].

The nature of chemoluminescence (Chl) is based on the measurement of plasma luminescence intensity, using a photoelectric system. In a group of 42 patients with prostatic cancer (PC), in 29 cases (69.0%) an increase of Chl was found while in 20 blood donors (control group) the Chl result was negative. Out of 29 patients with PC, Chl was studied in 20 cases for 12 months. These were patients after orchidectomy treated with flutamide. Chl demonstrated in them a decrease of luminescence intensity which correlated with a decrease of the level of prostatic markers (particularly PSA). These results may suggest that Chl may be a useful method in early diagnosis and probably may serve for trials of PC therapy monitoring. Further studies are necessary however, especially in order to explain the divergences in Chl measurements observed in individual cases, and to confirm the value of the method which is easy to perform at low expenses.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of long term treatment with prednisone on remodeling of cancellous and cortical bone in dogs].

The effect of 7 month prednisone administration on cancellous and compact bone remodeling in dogs was evaluated by means of histomorphometric and tetracycline labeling methods. It was found that treatment with prednisone resulted in decrease of bone mass which was caused by increased bone resorption as well as considerable diminution of bone formation. In the iliac bone those were manifested by increase in resorption of trabecular surface, decrease in osteoid surface, and reduction in the osteoid thickness, indicating, with a simultaneous decrease in mineralization rate, slowing down of the appositional rate of newly formed bone tissue. In the rib cortical bone treatment with prednisone resulted in increase of the resorption sites together with decrease of the formation sites and tetracycline-labeled osteons. Reduction in the osteoid thickness as well as in the mineralization rate was also observed. The changes of bone remodeling parameters due to prednisone, although proceeding in the same direction in both types of bone tissue, were more marked in the spongy bone than in the compact bone.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Biochemical markers of bone remodelling and their usefulness in the diagnosis of osteoporosis].

In 65 subjects (42 women and 23 men) aged from 40 to 80 years, at risk for primary or secondary osteoporosis development without concomitant diseases affecting renal and hepatic function and vitamin D metabolism, alkaline phosphatase activity (F.A.s) and total calcium level (Cas) were determined in the blood serum, and also the excretion in the morning urine portion of hydroxyproline and calcium was measured in relation to creatinine excretion (FUHpr/kr; FUCa/kr). In each patient an X-ray was done of the thoracolumbar spine, and on its basis the X-ray vertebral index was calculated. The study has been undertaken in order to elucidate whether the above stated compounds regarded as biochemical markers of bone remodelling, and the X-ray vertebral index are useful in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. An increased F.A.s activity in the blood serum, and higher values of the X-ray vertebral index were found both in the group of patients with primary and secondary osteoporosis, in relation to normal values. It was found that FUHpr/kr and FUCa/kr were increased in patients with secondary osteoporosis in comparison to patients with primary osteoporosis. A statistically significant correlation was also noted between FUHpr/kr and FUCa/kr, and F.A.s in patients with primary and secondary osteoporosis. In both studied groups no relationship was found between the value of the X-ray vertebral index, and the levels of biochemical markers of bone remodelling.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Comparison of the effects of sodium fluoride and calcidiol on the remodeling of the endosteal surface of the rib cortex in dogs after administration of prednisone].

The effects were compared of sodium fluoride and calcidiol on the remodeling of the rib cortical-endosteal surface of dogs treated with prednisone for long time periods. The study used a histomorphometric and tetracycline labeling methods. It was found that administration of sodium fluoride with calcidiol and calcium carbonate limited in a higher degree than the treatment with calcidiol and calcium carbonate the development of the osteoporotic changes induced by glucocorticoids. This included reduced enhancement of the bone resorption surface, increased bone formation surface and osteoid thickness connected with acceleration of mineralization rate. The changes induced by sodium fluoride had a favorable effect on the ratio of the resorption to the formation process at the sites of bone remodeling.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Arrhythmogenic right-ventricular dysplasia--a case report].

A case of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) in a 28 year old man is reported. Diagnosis was based on ECG, echocardiographic and scintigraphic findings. Echocardiography and scintigraphy revealed an enlarged right ventricle and normal left ventricle. The abnormalities specific for ARVD were free wall motion abnormalities, particularly akinetic areas and microaneurysms . Ventricular tachycardia and premature ventricular contractions of left bundle branch block (LBBB) pattern were recorded. A titer against mycoplasma and concentrations of immunoglobulins were normal. Anti-++ smooth muscle antibodies were detected. The patient was treated with amiodarone . There were no clinical, echocardiographic and ECG features of ARVD in the patient's brother.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The role of Helicobacter pylori in the development of chronic gastritis and gastroduodenal ulcers].

To determine the correlation between Helicobacter pylori colonization of the gastric mucosa and the incidence of chronic gastritis as well as gastric and duodenal ulcer, 52 patients (26 women and 26 men) aged 19-77 years (mean 46 years) with gastrointestinal symptoms were studied. Biopsy specimens for histological and bacteriological examinations were taken during upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopies. Helicobacter pylori was found in 21 (40%) patients: 14 women and 7 men (p less than 0.05). The organisms were present more often in cases with chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcer (p less than 0.05). They were not identified in any of 7 persons with normal histologic features (p less than 0.01). Helicobacter pylori was found on the gastric mucosa in 6 (75%) of 8 patients with duodenal ulcer but in none of 5 cases after partial gastrectomy with the methods of Billroth I or Billroth II (p less than 0.05).

Adult↗