[Esophageal stenosis 5 months after irradiation of a central bronchial carcinoma].
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
M Taha
Publications and source records attributed to M Taha.
Preparation and conformation of octaethylbiphenylene.
Dimerization of tetraethylbenzyne (generated by reaction of 1, 2-dibromo-3,4,5,6-tetraethylbenzene (8) with 1 equiv of BuLi) afforded in low yield octaethylbiphenylene (3), together with a major product which was characterized as 2,3,4,5,3',4', 5'-heptaethyl-2'-vinylbiphenyl (9). X-ray diffraction indicates that biphenylene 3 adopts in the crystal a conformation of approximate C(2)(h )()symmetry with the ethyl groups within each phenylene ring arranged in an alternated up-down fashion. Notably, pairs of vicinal ethyl groups located at peri positions are oriented in a syn arrangement in the crystal. Low temperature NMR spectroscopy is consistent with the presence in solution of either the crystal conformation or a fully alternated conformation lacking any syn interaction. Molecular mechanics (MM3), semiempirical (AM1, PM3), and ab initio calculations indicate that the crystal conformation is a high energy form, and that the lowest energy conformation is the fully alternated form. The topomerization barrier of the methylene protons of the ethyl groups of 3 is 9.4 +/- 0.1 kcal mol(-)(1), which is between the rotational barriers of 8 and 1,2,3, 4-tetraethylbenzene 7 (9.9 +/- 0.1 and 8.2 +/- 0.1 kcal mol(-)(1), respectively). The similarity in rotational barriers suggests that a given tetraethylphenylene subunit does not markedly affect the rotational barrier of the ethyl groups of the other subunit.
Journal Article↗
Port Access surgery for congenital heart disease.
OBJECTIVES: Minimally invasive surgical techniques have been introduced into cardiac surgery in order to avoid median sternotomy related complications. Surgical trauma to the patient can be significantly reduced without compromising the safety. In addition, a small lateral chest incision results in improved cosmesis, especially in female patients. METHODS: Thirteen patients (median age 39 +/- 14 years, ranged from 17-61 years) with atrial septal defect were treated with a minimally invasive surgical method using a modified Port Access technique. In all patients access to the heart was achieved via a small (4-8 cm) right lateral chest incision in the 4th intercostal space. In these patients the selection of the Port Access system was used for cardiopulmonary bypass via the femoral vessel and for the application of cardioplegic solution. RESULTS: No deaths or intraoperative complications were observed in any of the patients. The postoperative course was uneventful and only minor complications were observed postoperatively. The median hospital stay was 8.0 +/- 1 days (median +/- SEM). CONCLUSION: This minimally invasive surgical technique for the treatment of atrial septal defects represent a safe alternative to conventional treatment of ASD using median sternotomy and standard cardiopulmonary bypass. The exposure of the right atrium via the 4th intercostal space is ideal and can be performed with excellent cosmetic results.
Adult↗
The alpha chemokine, interleukin 8, inhibits the antiviral action of interferon alpha.
Interferon (IFN) exhibits a potent antiviral activity in vitro and plays a major role in the early defense against viruses. Like IFN, the proinflammatory chemokine, interleukin (IL)-8, is induced by viruses and appears in circulation during viral infections. In an in vitro cytopathic effect assay for IFN, we found that IL-8 can inhibit IFN-alpha activity in a dose-dependent manner. This action was reversed by specific monoclonal antibodies to IL-8. The chemokine was able to attenuate the IFN-mediated inhibition of viral replication as determined by measuring infectious virus yield. IL-8 also diminished the ability of IFN to inhibit an early stage of viral replication since IL-8 attenuated the inhibition of the formation of viral proteins. It appeared that IL-8 interfered with a late rather than an early step of IFN-mediated pathway such as early gene expression. The IL-8 inhibitory action on IFN-alpha antiviral activity was associated with reduced 2',5'-A oligoadenylate synthetase activity, a pathway well correlative with the anti- encephalomyocarditis virus action of IFN-alpha. Understanding pathways that antagonize IFN action may lead to novel approaches to potentiate endogenous and therapeutic IFN.
2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase↗
University fee for student health services.
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Fees and Charges↗
MTS interferon assay: a simplified cellular dehydrogenase assay for interferon activity using a water-soluble tetrazolium salt.
MTS, a tetrazolium dye, is reduced by hydrogenases in living cells to a water-soluble formazan. When it is added to the medium at the end of a cytopathic effects (CPE) inhibition interferon assay, the formazan formed diffuses into the medium; the resultant optical density directly and quantitatively measures how much cellular damage has been produced by the challenge virus in the presence of different amounts of interferon. The use of MTS has considerable advantages in that after it is added, no further steps, such as washing of the cells, extraction of dye, or other manipulations, are needed.
Cell Line↗
Eustachian tube obstruction: new technique for treatment.
The function of the eustachian tube is ventilation of the middle ear to equilibrate air pressure in the middle ear with atmospheric pressure. Obstruction of the middle ear produces a negative pressure in the middle ear due to absorption of the oxygen from the middle ear cavity, often leading to otalgia. This study was done on 30 patients complaining of otalgia. They were 16 males and 14 females. They were found to have eustachian tube obstruction by examination, and negative middle ear pressure by tympanometry. All patients were treated with a mixture of equal amounts of nitrous oxide and oxygen under pressure for 30 minutes. Tympanometry was carried out immediately after discontinuation of the gas and again after 1 hour. The treatment appeared to be successful in 94% of patients as demonstrated by the absence of complaint and by tympanometric measurements.
Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
One-week therapy with oral terbinafine in cases of tinea cruris/corporis.
The use of oral terbinafine in the treatment of superficial dermatophyte infections has been extensively studied, using different treatment regimens. To evaluate the efficacy of short-term therapy with oral terbinafine in cases of tinea cruris/corporis, 22 patients (21 male and one female) with mycologically proven tinea cruris/corporis, were included in the present study. Each patient received one tablet of terbinafine 250 mg daily for 1 week. Patients were followed-up for 6 weeks after completion of treatment. Clinical and mycological assessments were performed at the end of treatment, and at the end of the follow-up period. The mean sum of scores of signs and symptoms in all patients decreased significantly from 12.36 before treatment to 0 at the end of the follow-up period, and mycological investigations were negative in all patients at the end of the follow-up period. Our results show that 1-week therapy with oral terbinafine is highly effective in the treatment of tinea cruris/corporis.
Administration, Oral↗
The perfect state of Trichophyton violaceum.
BACKGROUND: Trichophyton violaceum is the most common etiologic agent causing dermatophytosis in Egypt. This report deals with attempts to produce the perfect state of T. violaceum that may play a role in the epidemiology of T. violaceum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten strains of T. violaceum were inoculated on hair soil culture and on rice agar media. RESULTS: Cultures on hair soil media failed to produce the ascogenous form of the fungus, but after 6 weeks of culture on rice agar media, fertile cleistothecium were seen and 2 weeks later separate asci appeared. CONCLUSION: This is the first report on the production of the perfect (sexual) state of T. violaceum. Details of the ascogenous form of this dermatophyte should be studied in the future.
Humans↗
Tetracycline resistant Vibrio cholerae in pilgrims returning from Mecca.
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Aged↗
Ultrastructure of Trichophyton violaceum.
BACKGROUND: The ultrastructure of different fungi have been described in recent literature; however, few reports have concerned dermatophytes. METHODS: Fine structure of Trichophyton violaceum was observed using electron microscopy. RESULTS: Hyphae appeared as branched segmented filaments with a cell wall consisting of two layers. Thin electron dense plasma membrane was evident continuous with the inner surface of the cell wall. Septal walls with central pores and a uniform electron opacity plugs were seen. The hyphae were multinucleated and the cytoplasm contained endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and vacuoles. CONCLUSIONS: Although these findings showed ultrastructural similarities of the cell wall with Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Microsporum audouinii, there were some points of difference in the ultrastructure of the hyphae in Epidermophyton floccosum, and in the mitochondria of Trichophyton mentagrophytes as described by other investigators.
Microscopy, Electron↗
[Endoscopy in cholestasis].
The spectrum of causes of cholestasis ranges from microscopically recognizable damage to the parenchymal cells of the liver to obstruction of the ductus choledochus und papilla Vateri. Liver biopsy on the one hand and ERCP on the other therefore constitute the morphological methods that come closest to the pathological substrate. Obligatory sonography serves the restriction of diagnosis to a large extent. Laparoscopy is nearly always dispensable. Even in case of liver biopsy the therapeutic consequences should have an influence. Consequently, for transpapillary endoscopic methods in obstructive jaundice it is essential to remove the obstruction (papillotomy and extraction of the calculus or nasobiliary probe or intraluminal tube) if possible in one and the same session. The purely diagnostic ERC possibly causes dangerous cholangitis in mechanical icterus. Transpapillary and percutaneous transhepatic endoscopic methods are becoming more and more sophisticated and new indications are being discovered. However, the results of sonography and endoscopy in obstructive jaundice depend very much on the equipment available and experience of the investigator. He should realistically estimate what he is able to do as well as the patients' chances of recovery. In addition he should maintain contact to large departments of surgery and endoscopy.
Biopsy↗
Reperfusion arrhythmias after cardioplegia using Bretschneider-HTK solution.
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Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
Elimination of drug-resistant myeloma tumor cell lines by monoclonal anti-P-glycoprotein antibody and rabbit complement.
The effectiveness of ex vivo chemotherapy with drugs, such as vincristine, etoposide, and Adriamycin (doxorubicin, Adria Labs, Columbus, OH) for elimination of residual tumor cells from human bone marrow grafts could be undermined by the presence of multidrug-resistant tumor cells in the bone marrow. Therefore, to supplement chemoseparation, we investigated whether MRK-16, a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) to the surface moiety of multidrug resistance-associated P-glycoprotein antigen, can eliminate drug-resistant tumor cells in the presence of rabbit complement (RC). Two doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant human myeloma tumor cell line, 8226/DOX40 (resistant to 4 x 10(-7) mol/L DOX) and 8226/DOX6 (6 x 10(-8) mol/L DOX) with high and low amounts of cell surface P-glycoprotein, respectively, and the drug-sensitive parent cell line 8226/S were used as tumor models in this study. Using the limiting dilution assay, we have shown that three cycles of treatment with 25 micrograms/mL of MRK-16 MoAb and a 1:4 final dilution of RC eliminated 2.90 +/- 0.10 logs of 8226/DOX40 cells and 1.94 +/- 0.18 logs of 8226/DOX6 cells. One and two cycles of treatment were less effective, eliminating 0.47 +/- 0.40 and 1.94 +/- 0.36 logs of 8226/DOX40 and 0.12 +/- 0.20 and 1.63 +/- 0.58 logs of 8226/DOX6 cells, respectively. The 8226/S cell growth was unaffected by one to three cycles of treatment. The cell kill was not impaired when the antibody plus complement treatment was carried out on a mixture of 8226/DOX40 or 8226/DOX6 cells with a ninefold excess of irradiated bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs). The three cycles of treatment with antibody plus complement did not adversely affect granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit (GM-CFU) survival in hematologically normal marrows (92.5% to 104% survival) or in myeloma patient marrows (85% to 100%). These results show that it is possible to eliminate drug-resistant myeloma tumor cell lines from the admixed human bone marrow by treatment with MRK-16 MoAb plus RC. This method could prove to be effective for elimination of other drug-resistant tumor cell lines including those of leukemia and solid tumors, and will be further useful for supplementing chemopurging, and immunopurging of bone marrow with other antitumor cell antibodies.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
A monoclonal antibody cocktail for detection of micrometastatic tumor cells in the bone marrow of breast cancer patients.
We investigated whether monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) reactive against both acidic and basic cytokeratins alone were sufficient to detect minimal numbers of contaminating epithelial tumor cells in the bone marrow of breast cancer patients. Monoclonal anti-cytokeratin antibodies (AE1 and AE3) were used to stain 14 breast carcinomas by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. Nine tumors (64.3%) showed high reactivity and five (35.7%) showed low or moderate reactivity. Nine MoAbs that proved to be unreactive to light density bone marrow cells by immunoalkaline phosphatase histochemistry were screened for reactivity to breast carcinomas having only low or moderate positivity to cytokeratin antibodies. Three of nine MoAbs showed high percentages of positivity and were selected to supplement the anti-cytokeratin antibodies for immunohistochemical detection of minimal marrow disease in breast cancer patients. A MoAb cocktail was prepared, further tested for reactivity to another five breast carcinomas, and compared with cytokeratin staining alone. The cocktail labeled 100% of carcinoma cells in all the examined specimens. To determine the sensitivity of this panel for detecting minimal numbers of contaminating tumor cells in bone marrow, in vitro mixing experiments were performed. T47D breast carcinoma cells were mixed with bone marrow mononuclear cells at ratios from one tumor cell per 10 bone marrow cells up to one tumor cell per 1 x 10(6) marrow cells, and cytospin preparations were subsequently stained with the MoAb cocktail by the immunoalkaline phosphatase method. Our approach could detect one tumor cell in 1 x 10(5) hematopoietic cells.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
[Colonization of pregnant females and their newborn infants with group B streptococci at the Gondar College of Medical Sciences].
The importance of neonatal septicemia and meningitis caused by group B streptococci (GBS) has risen worldwide in the last ten years. Between January and June 1987 200 nonselected intrapartum women at Gondar College of Medical Sciences were examined for GBS colonization. One rectal and vaginal swab was collected from each woman and cultured in 5% sheepblood agar. Cultures also from 80 newborns were obtained from throat and ear. The colonization rate of women was 9.0%. 5% of the newborns were positive for GBS. The most frequent isolated GBS-type was I b/c, this result is different from those in Europe and the USA. The authors believe, that GBS infections of newborns in development countries are also possible. These severe infections should be included in the diagnostic and therapeutic measures in future.
Ethiopia↗
[Acute surgery in heart surgery patients under preventive use of anticoagulants].
Studies were conducted into indications, courses of operations, and postoperative complications of 17 surgical patients hospitalised or treated in the outpatient department who were on anticoagulant medication because of previous cardiac surgery and required acute re-operations for manifestations of secondary surgical diseases. Particular attention was given to Quick values for an assessment of the present coagulation situations. The point is made that Quick values between 25 and 30 per cent do not yet constitute contraindications to surgical intervention. Reservation is recommended with values below 20 per cent. Therapeutic recommendations are given for treatment of surgical patients with low Quick values.
Anticoagulants↗
Expression of differentiation-specific proteins in preneoplastic mammary tissues in BALB/c mice.
The levels of milk-specific mRNAs (alpha-casein, whey acidic protein) and proteins (casein, alpha-lactalbumin) were examined in the DIM series of mammary preneoplastic outgrowth lines and tumors. The constitutive production of casein protein was variable among the preneoplastic DIM outgrowth lines maintained in virgin mice. Outgrowth line DIM-2 consistently expressed a very low level of casein mRNA and protein but no detectable alpha-lactalbumin protein. Outgrowth line DIM-4 expressed a high level of casein protein and no alpha-lactalbumin; however, by transplant generation 9, the levels of casein mRNA and protein were significantly decreased but remained greater than those found in DIM-2. Outgrowth line DIM-3 expressed high levels of casein protein during all transplant generations examined and sporadically exhibited detectable amounts of alpha-lactalbumin. The level of beta-casein mRNA in DIM-3 was 7 times greater than seen in DIM-4 outgrowths, but still only 2% of that measured in the normal mammary gland from lactating mice. The majority of tumors derived from the DIM outgrowth lines expressed very low levels of beta-casein mRNA and total casein protein, although occasionally tumors were observed with very high levels of casein expression. Immunoblot analysis of cellular extracts indicated that alpha, beta-, and gamma-caseins were expressed in the three outgrowth lines to varying degrees. Whey acidic protein mRNA attained barely detectable levels in the best of cases. Only outgrowth line DIM-3 responded to a normal lactogenic stimulus (lactating mouse) with significantly increased levels of milk-specific products. As determined by avidin-biotin peroxidase staining, the percentage of alveoli expressing beta-casein and alpha-lactalbumin proteins in lactating mice increased from 20 and 0%, respectively, in virgin mice to 85 and 40%, respectively, in lactating mice. Similarly, the levels of mRNA for beta-casein and whey acidic protein increased 8- and 5.5-fold, respectively. These results indicate that the cell populations selected by serial transplantation of preneoplastic mammary tissues fall into at least three categories with respect to expression of mammary-specific differentiation products: uninducible, inducible, constitutive. The DIM-3 outgrowth line appears to represent a highly inducible cell population. As concluded in earlier investigations, there was no correlation between secretory activity, morphology of the outgrowths, and tumor-producing capabilities in virgin mice. The effect of a normal lactogenic stimulus on the tumor potential of the DIM-3 line is currently under investigation.
Adenocarcinoma↗