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Biomedical subjects

M Talaat

Publications and source records attributed to M Talaat.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Evaluation of urinalysis reagent strips versus microscopical examination of urine for Schistosoma haematobium.

This study deals with the effectivecess of chemical reagent strips for detection of haematuria and proteinuria in selecting S. haematobium egg positive subjects as compared to microscopical examination of urine. Out of 222 students from primary and secondary rural schools, 191 were S. haematobium and 59 were parasitologically negative. 135 students had a count of less than 50 eggs/10 ml. urine and 56 had more than 50 eggs/10ml. The sensitivity of reagent strips in detecting haematuria was 10% and 36% for the groups with less than and more than 50 eggs/10 ml. of urine respectively. The correspondant microscope figures were 42% and 93% respectively. Proteinuria was detected in 11% and 29% of urines from the groups with less than and more than 50 eggs/10 ml. respectively. The specificity of strips and microscopical examination in detection of haematuria was 100%, while that for proteinuria was 97% as detected by strips. These results show that urinalysis strips cannot be used as an alternative to microscopic examination of urine for the presence of S. haematobium eggs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Use of Kato and nucleopore techniques for qualitative diagnosis of schistosomiasis.

A comparison on qualitative basis, is attempted between merthiolate-iodine-formaldehyde concentration (MIFC) and Kato thick smear techniques for diagnosis of schistosome eggs in stools. As well, the centrifugation-sedimentation method was compared with the Nucleopore filtration technique for schistosome eggs in urine. Using MIFC and Kato techniques, 149 out of 185 subjects were found to have Schistosoma mansoni infection, 41 of them were diagnosed by Kato alone, while no case was solely MIFC positive. The sensitivity of MIFC compared to kato was 72.3% and both techniques were 100% specific. For diagnosis of S. haematobium infection, 78 out of 103 subjects were positive by centrifugation- sedimentation and/or Nucleopore techniques. 42 of them were diagnosed by Nucleopore alone and none was positive by centrifugation- sedimentation only. The sensitivity of the latter technique was 46.2% and both techniques were 100% specific. The study demonstrates that Kato thick smear and Nucleopore filtration are highly sensitive techniques that can be used for routine qualitative diagnosis of schistosomiasis. Under field conditions, they are qualitatively and quantitatively useful. The Kato technique besides its high sensitivity is very cheap. The only limitation for the Nucleopore technique is its relative high expenses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Pull-through branchial fistulectomy: a technique for the otolaryngologist.

The complete second branchial fistula consists of a superficial infrahyoid portion and a deep parapharyngeal portion. Through the present technique, the infrahyoid portion is dissected from the neck while the parapharyngeal segment is dissected through the mouth with or without tonsillectomy. Eventually, the whole fistula is pulled out through the mouth. This technique ensures complete fistulectomy and a low recurrence rate, is more cosmetic than the traditional technique, and allows simultaneous tonsillectomy. It may not be satisfactory if the fistula was the seat of repeated infections. This technique is suitable for the otolaryngologist, who is naturally well acquainted with microsurgery and tonsillectomy.

Branchial Region↗
PubMed1991

Apron tracheostome.

Stenosis of the tracheostome following total laryngectomy is not an infrequent complication, either immediately postoperatively or years later, and it poses a common problem for head and neck surgeons. The opening becomes inadequate and the patient is uncomfortable and panicky. A secondary plastic operation is necessary in order to improve the airway, or a laryngectomy tube must be worn constantly. I have developed a satisfactory technique for tailoring the tracheostome during total laryngectomy so as to minimize postoperative stenosis even in irradiated cases and allow the patient to dispense with the laryngectomy tube. It may render the posterosuperior wall of the tracheostome more suitable for a tracheoesophageal puncture tract for voice restoration after total laryngectomy. These goals are achieved by interdigitating a small skin-thick superiorly based apron flap, raised from the lower midline of the front of the neck, into a similar recipient area at the upper posterior tracheal wall after removal of an equal mucosal apron.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Submucous diathermy of the inferior turbinates in chronic hypertrophic rhinitis.

Twenty patients, 10 allergic and 10 non-allergic, with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis and presenting mainly with bilateral nasal obstruction were subjected to submucosal diathermy of their inferior turbinates. There was significant post-operative improvement clinically, histopathologically and histochemically in the non-allergic group, while the improvement was less obvious in the allergic cases. The post-operative clinical improvement as regards rhinorrhea and sneezing was not as marked as that for nasal obstruction. Evaluation of the results showed that submucous diathermy of inferior turbinates is a good line of treatment for cases of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis, with better results in the non-allergic group of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Relevance of the conventional Waters' view in evaluating chronic bacterial maxillary sinusitis.

Considerable controversy exists as to whether X-ray examination of the sinuses is a reliable diagnostic guide or not, in cases of chronic bacterial maxillary sinusitis, as many factors apart from infection in the sinuses may produce radiographic signs on the X-ray film. With those facts in mind, it was decided to investigate the diagnostic reliability of Waters' view in these cases. The present work showed that radiographic signs of chronic maxillary sinusitis have different diagnostic and predictive reliabilities ranging from the almost complete inaccuracy of reduced translucency or 'veiling' of the sinus to the perfect validity of 'fluid levels' or polyps within the sinus. In general, while Waters' view undoubtedly yields valuable information regarding maxillary sinus pathology, nevertheless the presence of various sources of error while exposing and reading the film should make one appreciate that radiographic diagnosis is not absolute and should only be considered in the light of the clinical findings and possibly other investigations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of auricular hematoma using button technique.

10 male patients suffering from auricular hematoma were treated by evacuation of the hematoma followed by suturing two buttons to the ear using through-and-through staying silk sutures, leaving them attached for 1 week. Not a single case of recurrence has been encountered as this technique eliminates the dead space and does not allow reaccumulation of the hematoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Management of a cheek fistula associated with false ankylosis.

A 14-year-old boy presented with a Grade II left cheek fistula and inability to open the mouth following gangrenous stomatitis in early childhood. The treatment of the patient by multistaged reconstruction of the cheek defect is discussed. A large turnover flap was used for the lining, a technique which obviates the need for a second lining flap, and thus eliminates the disfigurement of a donor site. Also, it uses the healthy skin that would otherwise have been discarded in the creation of mucosal flaps.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Further observations on nasal mucosal changes in scleroderma. A histochemical and electron microscopic study.

The respiratory nasal mucosa of patients with scleroderma showed several ultrastructural and histochemical changes. These included initial goblet cell hyperplasia, loss of cilia and microvilli, exfoliation of the superficial epithelial layers, increased glandular activity in cases with squamous metaplasia and fibrous tissue deposition in the lamina propria. These changes seem to be related to the duration of the disease, whose nature and pathogenesis are still uncertain.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Surgical anatomy of the sphenoid sinus.

In recent years the trans-sphenoidal approach to the pituitary gland has come into vogue and a study of the surgical anatomy of the sphenoid sinus has become increasingly important in order to avoid many surgical mishaps. Moreover, the sphenoid sinus has complicated relationships and its diseases may and do give rise to a complexity of symptoms. The anatomy of the sphenoid sinus has been described by Ridpath (1947), Dobromylsky and Scherbatov (1966), Davies and Coupland (1967), Simpson et al. (1967), Montgomery (1972), Last (1972), Ballenger (1977), Hamilton and Harrison (1979), and Davies (1980). The present work was designed to study the anatomy of the sphenoid sinus and its surgical applications. Particular attention was focused on the relationships of the sella turcica to the sphenoidal sinuses.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Ceruminous glands in otosclerosis. A histopathological and histochemical study.

The ceruminous glands of the external auditory canal skin of 20 patients suffering from otosclerosis were examined histologically and histochemically. The histological changes included flattening of the lining cells and widening of the lumina of the glands. Histochemical alterations were in the form of diminished succinic dehydrogenase, alpha esterase and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities. The histological and histochemical changes indicated that atrophy of the ceruminous glands with diminished wax production occurred in some otosclerotic patients. This atrophy may be secondary to the involvement of the ground substance, vessels and nerves of the external auditory canal by the same etiologic factor responsible for the pathogenesis of the otosclerotic process.

Cerumen↗
PubMed1982

The human respiratory nasal mucosa in pregnancy. An electron microscopic and histochemical study.

The ultrastructural and histochemical changes in the respiratory nasal mucosa of thirty pregnant females have been studied. Symptoms-free pregnant females, regardless of the duration of pregnancy, showed glandular hyperactivity, increased phagocytic activity, and increased amount of acid mucopolysaccharides in the ground substance. These changes have been suggested to be due to the rise in the levels of female sex hormones during pregnancy. Pregnant females developing nasal symptoms during pregnancy have been proved by electron microscopy and histochemically to be allergic in origin. This allergy, being not due to the hypersensitization of the patient's own sex hormones, may be due to any of the factors previously mentioned.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cryosurgery in cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Thirty patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis were treated with cryotherapy using a CO2 cryomachine and all were cured without noticeable scarring within 4-5 weeks, with no relapse. Histopathological examination showed that cryotherapy eradicated all parasites in less than 1 hour. Leishmania tropica, L. ethiopica and L. brasiliensis are all markedly thermosensitive and thus cryotherapy seems parasiticidal to all types. Adequate cryotreatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis will preclude the development of mucocutaneous extension, and its use in mucocutaneous disease is also recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Schwannoma of the neck.

Sixteen cases of schwannomata of the neck were included in this study. Clinical and pathological features were analysed. Pre-operative diagnosis was always difficult and was achieved in only three cases. The lesion should be suspected whenever examining the neck for a solitary swelling of long standing. Schwannomata of the cervical vagus or sympathetic chain usually bulge into the pharynx and present as parapharyngeal tumours. Neurological deficits were absolutely absent in our cases. Every attempt should be exerted to spare the involved nerve even on the expense of leaving behind a part of the tumour which is definitely benign and having practically no tendency for malignant change.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Surgeon's workshop. Microsurgical trans-laterocervical arytenocordopexy: a modernization of an old surgical technique.

The present work is an attempt to add some refinement to the technique of vocal cord laterlization developed by Woodman for the management of bilateral abductor paralysis. The operating microscope is used together with some instruments designed for this operation. The technique follows the same principles introduced by Woodman, with few modifications. The use of the microscope makes dissection more delicate and less traumatic. The mucosa is seldom perforated and haematoma does not collect. These two factors help minimize the chance of wound infection. The lateralizing suture is introduced by a special needle and in the proper position under magnified vision ensuring perfect lateralization of the cord without puncturing the mucosa. The post-operative period is short, the patient is extubated earlier and the cost of treatment less than with the traditional technique. As far as voice is concerned, the results of both techniques are more or less similar.

Arytenoid Cartilage↗