[Bisphosphonate-related bilateral mandibular osteochemonecrosis with pathological fracture of the horizontal ramus].
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
M Talbi
Publications and source records attributed to M Talbi.
Alkamides from Artemisia dracunculus.
From the aerial parts of Artemisia dracunculus, one known alkamide, pellitorine, two new alkamides neopellitorine A and neopellitorine B, and one known coumarin herniarine were isolated. Structures were elucidated by means of UV, IR, MS, 1H and 13C NMR. These compounds showed insecticidal activity against Sitophilus oryzae and Rhyzopertha dominica at 200 microg/ml concentrations.
Amides↗
Microsurgical replantation of a totally amputated ear without venous repair.
The authors present a case of successful replantation of a totally avulsed ear in a 37-year-old patient, using a termino-terminal arterial anastomosis on the superficial temporal artery. As no suitable vein could be identified in the amputated part, they relied on leech therapy and systemic anticoagulation for venous drainage. Despite an 18-hr ischemia, the ear survived completely.
Accidents, Traffic↗
Detection of paralytic and diarrhetic shellfish toxins in Moroccan cockles (Acanthocardia tuberculata).
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Animals↗
Waste water bacterial isolates resistant to heavy metals and antibiotics.
Sewage water of Casablanca, an industrial city in Morocco, was studied for microorganisms resistant to heavy metals. Isolates were purified and collected on agar slants to be screened for resistance to heavy metals, including mercury in vitro. The strains that showed high resistance to heavy metals were also studied for their resistance to antibiotics and aromatic hydrocarbons. Results indicated that the strains most resistant to all tested products belonged to Ps. fluorescens, Ps. aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus sp. These strains exhibit high minimal inhibitory concentrations for heavy metals such as cadmium (2 mm) or mercury (1.2 mm). Growth of Ps. fluorescens and Klebsiella pneumoniae in the presence of heavy metals was also determined, and the growth curves indicated that mercury, copper, and zinc present a slight inhibitory action, while cadmium and silver could have a potent inhibitory action on growth compared with the controls. These studies also investigated growth in media containing aromatic compounds as the sole source of carbon. The results demonstrate that these strains could be good candidates for remediation of some heavy metals and aromatic compounds in heavily polluted sites.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Successful radial forearm free flap for facial reconstruction in a 97-year-old patient.
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Aged↗
Complexation and ionophoric properties of taxol and colchicine: complex formation and transport of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium ions across a liquid membrane.
We report the activities of taxol (an anticancer drug) and colchicine, which are inhibitors of microtubule organization, on the complexation and transport of Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions across a liquid membrane, using a spectrophotometric procedure. Taxol, a diterpenoid compound, that has been demonstrated to possess a potent antitumour activity, is shown to extract Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions from the aqueous solution to the organic phase with preference for Ca2+ ions. A kinetic study of the transport and complexation of Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions through a liquid membrane revealed that the K+ ion is more rapidly transported and the Ca2+ ion is more rapidly complexed than other ions. However, colchicine, another alkaloid compound, extracted and transported only the divalent ions tested, Mg2+ and Ca2+. In both complexation and transport, the flux of the ions increases with the concentration of taxol or colchicine. Complexation and ionophoric properties of taxol and colchicine sheds new lights on therapeutic properties of these drugs. The treatment of disease states by the administration of these drugs to alter membrane permeability will prove to be a valuable therapeutic concept.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
Concentrations of estrone, estradiol and their sulfates, and evaluation of sulfatase and aromatase activities in patients with breast fibroadenoma.
In the present studies, the concentrations (mammary tissue and plasma) of estrone (E1), estradiol (E2) and their sulfates (E1S and E2S), as well as the sulfatase and aromatase activities, were evaluated in patients with breast fibroadenomas. Comparative studies of the evaluation of these parameters were carried out in: (A) tumor tissue, (B) areas surrounding the tumor and (C) areas distant from the tumor (glandular tissue) considered as normal tissue. The concentrations in the tumor tissue (in pmol/g tissue) of E1, E2 and E1S were significantly higher (2-3 times) than in the area of the breast considered as normal. Sulfatase and aromatase activities were found in the breast fibroadenoma tissue. Sulfatase activity was much higher than aromatase (30-150 times) and sulfatase levels were significantly higher in the fibroadenoma tissue than in the area considered as normal. Plasma evaluation of E1, E2, E1S and E2S concentrations showed no significant differences in relation to those of healthy control women. In conclusion, the high levels of estrogens and their sulfates, as well as the enzymes involved in estrogen formation--sulfatase and aromatase in breast fibroadenoma--contribute to the hypothesis that this disease may be hormone-dependent.
Adolescent↗
Okadaic acid and its interaction with sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium ions: complex formation and transport across a liquid membrane.
Okadaic acid, a macrocyclic polyether compound, was shown to mediate the transfer of Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions from aqueous solution to an organic phase, with a preference for Na+ ions. A kinetic study of the transport of these ions across a liquid membrane showed that the Na+ ion was more rapidly transported than the other ions and that the Na+ ion flux was dependent on the okadaic acid concentration.
Biological Transport↗
Concentrations of estrone, estradiol, and estrone sulfate and evaluation of sulfatase and aromatase activities in pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer patients.
This report concerns the evaluation of various estrogens, estrone (El), estradiol (E2), and estrone sulfate (E1S), as well as E1S-sulfatase and aromatase activities in pre- and postmenopausal women with breast cancer. The levels (in picomoles per g; mean +/- SEM) of the various estrogens in the breast tissue from premenopausal patients (n = 11) are: El, 1.4 +/- 0.5; E2, 1.2 +/- 0.6; and E1S, 1.2 +/- 0.3. In postmenopausal patients (n = 23), the values are, respectively, 1.0 +/- 0.4, 1.4 +/- 0.7, and 3.3 +/- 1.9. These concentrations of estrogens in the tumors of postmenopausal patients are significantly higher than those found in plasma. The activity of E1S-sulfatase in both pre- and postmenopausal patients was 50-200 times higher than that of aromatase. E1S-sulfatase and aromatase activities are significantly higher in post-menopausal than in cycling patients. It is concluded that despite the low levels of circulating estrogens in postmenopausal patients, the tissue concentrations of these steroids are several-fold higher than those in plasma, suggesting tumor accumulation of these estrogens. The physiopathology and clinical significance of these high levels of the various estrogens (E1, E2, and E1S) as well as sulfatase and aromatase activities in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer is yet to be explored.
Adult↗
Estrone sulfate-sulfatase and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities: a hypothesis for their role in the evolution of human breast cancer from hormone-dependence to hormone-independence.
The evaluation of estrogens (estrone, estradiol, and their sulfates) in the breast tissue of post-menopausal patients with breast cancer indicates high levels, particularly of estrone sulfate (E1S) which is 15-25 times higher than in the plasma. Breast cancer tissue contains the enzymes necessary for local synthesis of estradiol and it was demonstrated that, despite the presence of the sulfatase and its messenger in hormone-dependent and hormone-independent breast cancer cells, this enzyme operates particularly in hormone-dependent cells. Different progestins: Nomegestrol acetate, Promegestone, progesterone, as well as Danazol, can block the conversion of E1S to E2 very strongly in hormone-dependent breast cancer cells. The last step in the formation of estradiol is the conversion of E1 to this estrogen by the action of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. This activity is preferentially in the reductive direction (formation of E2) in hormone-dependent cells, but oxidative (E2-->E1) in hormone-independent cells. Using intact hormone-dependent cells it was observed that Nomegestrol acetate can block the conversion of E1 to E2. It is concluded, firstly, that in addition to ER mutants other factors are involved in the transformation of hormone-dependent breast cancer to hormone-independent, this concerns the enzymatic activity in the formation of E2; it is suggested that stimulatory or repressive factor(s) involved in the enzyme activity are implicated as the cancer evolves to hormone-independence; secondly, different drugs can block the conversion of E1S to E2. Clinical trials of these "anti-enzyme" substances in breast cancer patients could be the next step to investigate new therapeutic possibilities for this disease.
17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
[Post-traumatic enophthalmos].
Based on 8 cases, the authors study the mechanisms involved in post-traumatic enophthalmos and demonstrate that they result from an increase in orbital volume. There are no grounds to suggest that the disappearance of orbital fat is involved.
Edema↗
[Pyknodysostosis. An unusual form of osteopetrosis].
The case reported here illustrates a rare variety of hereditary osteodysplasia, the pyknodysostosis. The patient, a 34-years-old man, had an history of prior fractures. He took medical advice for a mandibular osteitis consecutive to a tooth extraction. The clinical examination detected a dwarfism accompanied by cranial deformities and abbreviated terminal phalanges of the fingers. The histological study was performed on the mandibular sequestrum and on the adjacent bone. Besides of chronic osteitis, it exhibited an intense osteo-condensation with changes in collagen frame by polarized lumen. As to the 2 molars implanted in the sequestrum, they were ankylosed because of the loss of periodontal ligament. About this case, the differential diagnosis with osteopetrosis and cleidocranial dysostosis and the pathogenesis of the disease are discussed.
Adult↗
[Cystic lymphoid hyperplasia of the parotid in relation to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV+). Apropos of 2 cases].
Cystic lymphoid hyperplasia of the parotid, a rare disease, was recently described in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We reported here 2 new cases of this illness. The 2 HIV+ patients showed an enlargement of parotid gland. A superficial parotidectomy was performed. The histological and immunohistochemical studies were completed in one case by a histoenzymological and ultrastructural study. We could see numerous cystic cavities lined with a cylindrical or metaplastic malpighian epithelium and surrounded by a lymphoid tissue, similar to a true lymph node with germinal centers. In these lymphoid structures, we could find some epithelial remnants and numerous epimyoepithelial islands. Besides, anomalies similar to those described in persistent generalized lymphadenopathies were obvious: hyperplastic germinal centers with multiplication of B lymphocytes and thin mantle zone, perifollicular hypervascularization, numerous macrophages, plasmocytes and T lymphocytes with increase of T8 cytotoxic subset in interfollicular and paracortical areas. An early opportunist infection is suggested in the histogenesis of this disease.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
[Hereditary degenerative spinocerebellar diseases in Tunisia with manometric studies in bladder disorders (author's transl)].
During a survey conducted in Tunisia in 1978, 204 cases of hereditary degenerative spinocerebellar diseases were discovered among members of 117 families. The cases included 109 patients with Friedreich's ataxia, 28 with Piere Marie's heredo-ataxia, 20 with Strumpell-Lorrain's disease, and 47 with intermediary forms. The latter group included incomplete forms of Friedreich's and Pierre Marie's diseases. The onset or progression of the disease was linked to a febrile episode in 25 p. cent of the cases. Emphasis is placed on the presence of bladder sphincter disorders in approximately one third of the patients with Friedreich's or Pierre Marie's diseases. Manometric studies in 17 cases demonstrated the presence of normal bladders in 4 cases, hypertonicity of the bladder in 5 patients, and hypesthesic retention-type bladders in 5 other cases. In 3 patients the disorder was difficult to classify. These results show that sphincter disorders should not constitute a criterium for exclusion of the diagnosis of spinocerebellar degeneration.
Adolescent↗