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Biomedical subjects

M Tapia

Publications and source records attributed to M Tapia.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Impact of BRCA2 pathogenic variants on outcomes to first-line CDK4/6 inhibitors plus endocrine therapy in HR-positive/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Currently, three cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) are approved in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) as first-line treatment of patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The impact of homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathogenic variants (PV) on outcomes with first-line CDK4/6i plus ET in HR-positive/HER2-negative MBC remains uncertain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, real-world, case-control study including 233 patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative MBC treated with first-line CDK4/6i and ET. Among them, 116 presented HRR PVs and 117 were matched controls with negative germline testing. The primary objective was to compare progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival among germline-BRCA2 PV carriers, other HRR PV carriers, and controls. To minimize baseline differences in prognostic factors between PV carriers and controls, inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied. Molecular analyses in pre-CDK4/6i samples among patients with BRCA2 PV were carried out, including RAD51-foci, PAM50 intrinsic subtype, and RB1 loss of heterozygosity (LOH). RESULTS: Among the included 233 patients, median age at diagnosis was 45 years (interquartile range 39-56) and 33% had de novo metastatic disease. Primary resistance to adjuvant ET was present in 10% and secondary resistance in 27%. After a median follow-up of 44 months, patients with germline-BRCA2 PVs (n = 67) had significantly shorter PFS [11 versus 27 months; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.65-4.51, P < 0.001] compared with controls. Among patients with endocrine-sensitive disease, germline BRCA2 PV carriers had markedly shorter PFS (median PFS 12 versus 39 months; aHR 4.04; 95% CI 1.82-8.98, P < 0.001). Exploratory analyses revealed RB1 LOH before CDK4/6i-treatment in most evaluable BRCA2 tumors. CONCLUSIONS: BRCA2 PVs were independently associated with poorer outcomes to first-line CDK4/6i plus ET in HR-positive/HER2-negative MBC compared with controls, especially relevant among patients with endocrine-sensitive disease. These findings suggest that patients with a germline PV in BRCA2 may require alternative first-line strategies.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Emotion, attention, and the 'negativity bias', studied through event-related potentials.

Behavioral studies indicate that there exists a 'negativity bias' in the way surrounding events are processed. Particularly, it has been indicated that negative events elicit more rapid and more prominent responses than non-negative events. The objective of the present study was to explore the role of attention in relation to this negativity bias. Three groups of emotional pictures were used as stimuli: positive, negative and neutral. Event-related potentials were recorded from 35 subjects at F5, Fz, F6, C5, Cz, C6, P5, Pz and P6. Valence and arousal content of the stimulation was measured via a questionnaire. The experimental design ensured that subjects whose data were finally analyzed attended to the stimuli. ANOVAs showed that P200, an attention-related component, showed higher amplitudes and shorter latencies in response to negative stimuli than in response to positive stimuli. Additional partial correlation analyses indicated that P200 amplitude, but not latency, significantly associates (at frontal and central sites) with valence content of the stimulation. Therefore, due to the valence-related nature of the bias, it is concluded that intensity aspects (more than timing aspects) of the P200-related attentional processes are particularly involved in the negativity bias.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Measuring emotional intelligence.

The purposes of this study were (a) to develop a measure of emotional intelligence, the Emotional Intelligence Inventory and (b) to find the underlying dimensions of the inventory by testing 111 high school students at a bilingual college preparatory school. The inventory has 45 items. After excluding the four weakest items, the reliability coefficient alpha was .83. Subsequently, 319 junior and senior high school students at the same school were administered the 41 items. The reliability coefficient was .81. A maximum likelihood factor analysis with a varimax rotation yielded four factors of empathy, utilization of feelings, handling relationships, and self-control. Psychometric properties were sound, and the revised Emotional Intelligence Inventory can be recommended for use in the investigation of emotional intelligence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Recovery of replication-competent virus from CD4 T cell reservoirs and change in coreceptor use in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children responding to highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) suppresses plasma viremia in most patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Prospective study of HIV-infected children (n=27) shows that, in 8 of 12 who responded to HAART (>/=0.5 log reduction in plasma HIV RNA), HAART restricted the number of coreceptors used by the predominant HIV isolate (mean number of coreceptors used at baseline was 4, vs. 1 coreceptor used at 6 months after treatment). This decrease was most striking in 6 of 8 children whose HIV coreceptor tropism changed from X4-tropic at baseline to R5-tropic. In 6 of 10 children tested, with plasma HIV RNA levels of <50 copies/mL, R5-tropic virus was isolated from CD4 T cell reservoirs. All the responding children had a significant increase in naive CD4 T cells (P<.05). These results show that persistent HIV T cell reservoirs are present in children and that HAART may influence the number and type of coreceptors used by the predominant virus isolate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Partial tricuspid homograft: a new technique for tricuspid valve repair. Report of a case].

The authors report the case of a drug abuser treated successfully for fungal tricuspid endocarditis complicated by massive pulmonary embolism. Partial valvular replacement with a segment of a tricuspid homograft associated with disobliteration of a pulmonary artery was performed. Peroperative transoesophageal echocardiography showed satisfactory tricuspid valve function. The postoperative course was uneventful. After 5 months' follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic and in good general condition. Control echocardiography showed a stable operative result.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Exploratory assessment of fish consumption among Asian-origin sportfishers on the St. Lawrence river in the montreal region.

An exploratory survey was undertaken in the fall 1995 open-water fishing season with nine Bangladeshi and nine Vietnamese-origin sportfishers. Survey methodology and techniques of dietary and fish intake assessment were adapted to the cultural values and second language of each community. A 70-item instrument assessing sportfishing practices and fish consumption habits was administered by dietitians in participants' homes. Two 24-h diet recalls (aided by photographs taken by the participants) and a fish consumption calendar permitted the assessment of fish intake in the overall dietary context. A fish frequency item addressed consumption of locally available fish species (both sport and market fish) as well as imported frozen or dried species. Annually, Bangladeshi fishers consumed 46.8+/-25.6 sportfish meals, and Vietnamese fishers ate 40. 7+/-35.1 meals. In contrast, Bangladeshis reported greater annual consumption of imported, frozen nonsportfish (76.0+/-40.9 meals), and the Vietnamese ate more ocean than freshwater fish (45.1+/-34.4 ocean fish meals). Fish constituted approximately 19% of all protein foods eaten among the Bangladeshi fishers and 10% in the Vietnamese sample. Plasma and erythrocyte eicosapentanoic acid (EPA):arachidonic acid (AA) ratios supported findings from the fish frequency question showing that the two groups of Asian-origin fishers eat differing quantities of different fish species and that Asian-origin sportfishers-particularly the Bangladeshis-eat fish overall more frequently and in greater variety and quantity than francophone Quebecers; species selection appears to be both culturally motivated and influenced by the availability of St. Lawrence sportfish.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Carcinoid heart disease].

Carcinoid cardiac disease is a common complication of metastatic carcinoid tumours. It is characterized by tricuspid regurgitation and pulmonary stenosis. A 68 years old woman with a metastatic carcinoid tumour was admitted to hospital for congestive cardiac failure secondary to severe tricuspid regurgitation. Typical carcinoid lesions of the tricuspid and pulmonary valves were observed at echocardiography. A double valve replacement was performed with a favourable outcome. Postoperative echocardiography showed a significant improvement in right ventricular function. Surgical management of carcinoid valvular heart disease of NYHA Stage III patients is associated with an improved 2 years survival (from 8 to 40%) despite a high operative mortality (about 27%). Cardiac surgery remains the only hope of long-term survival with a spectacular improvement in symptoms.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Chronic myeloid leukemia developing into a multifocal extramedullary blast crisis].

A 47-old male with accelerated-phase chronic myelogenous leukaemia is presented. In spite of a good response to hydroxyurea and interferon treatment, the patient developed multiple foci of granulocytic sarcoma as a special form of blastic crisis. A review was carried out of the different aspects of this entity, stress being laid on the diagnostic characteristics and the current therapeutic approach in such cases.

Blast Crisis↗
PubMed1997

[Conservative surgery in rheumatic aortic insufficiency].

The mechanism of rheumatic aortic regurgitation is retraction of the three cusps leading to lack of coaptation. The authors describe a technique of aortic valve repair by extension of the cusps using autologous pericardium, undertaken in 52 patients (mean age 21 +/- 5 years) and report the short and medium term results. There were no operative deaths or reoperation for technical failure. The postoperative echocardiographic examinations showed absent or minimal aortic regurgitation in 45 patients (87%) and moderate regurgitation in 7 patients (13%). The echocardiographic results at 2 years were stable: no patient was reoperated for deterioration of the valvuloplasty. This technique is reproducible and reliable is selected patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Altered behavioral and neurochemical response to stress in benzodiazepine-withdrawn rats.

Rats chronically treated with diazepam (DZM) (2 mg/kg/day i.p.) for 21 days, were subsequently tested at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after the last injection in the elevated plus-maze. When compared with their respective controls, withdrawn animals showed an anxiogenic response since they exhibited a significant decrease in the % of time spent in the open arms, and a reduction in open and total arms entries at 24 and 48 h following the last benzodiazepine administration. No other behavioral differences were observed in the remaining groups. Ninety-six hours following DZM withdrawal, when the anxiogenic response was no longer evident, withdrawn rats showed a significant decrease in immobility time when exposed to a forced-swim test (FST). GABA stimulation of chloride uptake in cortical tissue was measured in BDZ-withdrawn rats or vehicle-treated animals with or without exposure to the FST. An enhanced chloride uptake following GABA stimulation was observed in vehicle-treated rats following the swimming trial. However, similar values of chloride uptake were found among rats withdrawn from DZM at 96 h either exposed or not to the FST and vehicle-treated animals without prior stress exposure. These findings show that BDZ withdrawal alters the neurochemical and behavioral response to a subsequent stressful experience. These lines of evidence may indicate that BZD withdrawal reduced the ability to develop an adaptive response to stress.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Association of latissimus dorsi muscle expansion with electrostimulation before cardiomyoplasty.

BACKGROUND: The principle of cardiomyoplasty is chronic electrostimulation of the latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) flap wrapped around the heart to obtain a phasic activity that can be integrated to ventricular kinetics. In clinical cardiomyoplasty procedures, a complete wrap of both ventricles by the LDM cannot always be obtained in cases of extremely dilated hearts. This is due to the limited LDM length available for wrapping. In most of these cases, benefits of cardiomyoplasty are very limited. We have investigated the feasibility of progressive LDM expansion associated with electrostimulation. The aim was to increase the muscle area before cardiomyoplasty, while preserving the electrophysiologic characteristics of muscle fibers. METHODS: In 5 goats, a silicone LDM expander with two incorporated muscular pacing electrodes was inserted deep into the LDM through a paravertebral incision along the posterior edge of the muscle. The pacing leads were connected to a myostimulator implanted in a subcutaneous pocket. The expander was progressively inflated over 8 weeks, up to 500 mL. Simultaneously the LDM was electrostimulated. RESULTS: At 2 months planimetric studies demonstrated an increase of the LDM surface from 175 +/- 12 to 229 +/- 17 cm2 (+31% +/- 4%; p < 0.05). The expanded LDM showed preserved electrophysiologic characteristics. The analysis of biopsy samples revealed histologic integrity of muscle fibers and preservation of their mean diameter. CONCLUSIONS: Potential benefits of this procedure are (1) increase of muscle surface, (2) training of muscular fibers and preservation of muscular tone, and (3) division of the distal vascular supply at implantation, which may potentiate vascularization from the LDM main pedicle. An LDM expansion could be considered before cardiomyoplasty in cases of significant heart dilatation. This device was successfully implanted in 2 patients, 2 months before cardiomyoplasty. Cardiomyoplasties were performed without difficulty, and a complete biventricular wrap was obtained in both patients in spite of massive cardiomegaly.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Childcare needs of female street vendors in Mexico City.

This article reports on strategies developed by female street vendors (vendedoras ambulantes) in Mexico City to ensure the care of their young children in the absence of a specific and operational government policy to fulfil this need. The information concerning child care and health was gathered by a survey of 426 street traders selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling in four of the administrative districts (delegaciones politicas) of Mexico City during 1990. It was found that, as mothers of young children, street vendors most frequently looked after their children personally on the street or left them with other members of the family. Related factors were availability of alternative child care providers in the family, the age of the children and working conditions of the mother. Children who remained on the streets with their mothers suffered more frequently from gastro-intestinal diseases and accidents than the national average. The incidence of acute respiratory diseases, however, was similar in the cases of maternal care in the street and care by family members in another environment. Existing public health measures show a greater concern for the health of food consumers than that of workers in this area. Current public policy seeks to regulate street vending activities and to concentrate traders in ad hoc areas and facilities. Our research results document the need for actions that can contribute to an improvement in the care and health conditions of these young children.

Child Care↗
PubMed1995

Early axonal regeneration: repression by Schwann cells and a protease?

We have proposed that mature Schwann cells and an extracellular protease repress the sprouting response of axons. To test this hypothesis, we destroyed all cells by freezing a short span of the rat sciatic nerve or inhibited proteases with subperineurial injections of aprotinin, and a crush was made to induce the sprouting response. In unconditioned or in vehicle-injected nerves, axons began to elongate at a constant rate after a delay of about 1 day. The freezing of the nerve distal to the crush obliterated the delay, but the rate of elongation did not change. A similar pattern was observed when the nerve segment was conditioned with aprotinin for 2 days prior to the crush. These effects were abolished when a short untreated segment was left between crush and conditioned region of the nerve. The electron microscopy of the nerve and the immunolocalization of the growth-associated protein (GAP-43) were consistent with the enhanced regrowth observed in conditioned nerves. Our findings support the notion that Schwann cells repress the onset of regeneration and that a local protease is involved.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Repeated heart valve replacements: prognosis and results].

In order to determine the prognosis of reoperation for valvular replacement, we reviewed the results of a consecutive series of 124 patients operated in the department between 1974 and 1992 (163 multi redo operations). There were 69 women and 55 men, with a mean age 48 years; 77% of the patients were in functional class III or IV. Operations were performed as an emergency in 30% of cases. Endocarditis was found in 24% of cases and was an important risk factor in this content. The main indications for reoperation were periprosthetic leakage in 28.8% of cases and failure of bioprostheses in 23.7%. The valvular replacement was simple in 61%, double in 32% and triple in 7% of cases. An associated procedure was necessary in 27% of cases. Mechanical devices were implanted in 62.3% of cases. Peroperative mortality was 3% and hospital mortality, mainly from cardiac causes, was 21.7% for the second, 20% for the third and 55.6% for the fourth reoperations. Operative mortality was dependent on the number or reoperations, functional class, emergency surgery, duration of bypass and cross-clamping time. Four per cent of patients were lost to follow-up and 30 patients died secondarily. The actuarial survival rate was 52% at 5 years and 33% at 10 years, actuarial survival rate without valvular complication was 41% at 5 years and 19% at 10 years but the functional results remained good with over 90% of patients in functional class I or II at the end of follow-up.

Adolescent↗