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Biomedical subjects

M Tarrant

Publications and source records attributed to M Tarrant.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Social identity in adolescence.

Social identity theory (SIT) was used to investigate the effects of social categorization on adolescents' intergroup behaviour. One hundred and forty-nine male adolescents aged 14-15 years made comparisons between an ingroup and an outgroup along a series of dimensions. Participants displayed consistent ingroup-favouring behaviour in their ratings: the ingroup was associated to a greater extent than the outgroup with positively valued dimensions, and to a lesser extent with negatively valued dimensions. Those participants who demonstrated the most discrimination reported highest levels of ingroup identification. The utility of applying predictions from SIT to the study of adolescence is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Social categorization, self-esteem, and the estimated musical preferences of male adolescents.

The authors investigated the intergroup processes of male adolescents within the context of social identity theory (SIT; H. Tajfel, 1978; H. Tajfel & J. C. Turner, 1979). The participants were English male adolescents (age = 14-15 years). They estimated in-group and out-group musical preferences and evaluated the in-group and out-group along a series of scales. The results showed in-group favoritism effects along the musical preference and evaluative dimensions. The participants reported greater liking for the in-group. Compared with the out-group, they associated the in-group more with positively stereotyped music and less with negatively stereotyped music. Compared with the out-group, they rated the in-group as more fun, more masculine, more sporty, less boring, less snobbish, and less weird. The participants with lower levels of self-esteem showed greater differentiation between groups and greater derogation of the out-group. The results supported the predictions of SIT and demonstrated the applicability of SIT for the study of adolescent behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Effect of monensin on milk production of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows.

We examined the effects of monensin on feed intake and milk production in Holstein-Friesian cows receiving a total mixed rations in two experiments. In experiment 1, 60 individually fed cows consumed, during wk 7 to 26 of lactation, 1 kg/d of supplement containing either 0, 150,300, or 450 mg of monensin. In experiment 2, 98 group-fed cows also received 1 kg/d of a supplement with either 0 or 300 mg/d of monensin for two consecutive lactations. In lactations 1 and 2, treatment started at wk 8 and 3 wk prior to calving, and continued for 32 wk. In experiment 1, 150, 300, and 450 mg of monensin/d produced a small decrease in feed intake and milk yield responses of 2.8, 2.5 and 1.5 kg/d, respectively. In experiment 2, milk yield responses of 0.8 and 1.1 kg/d were recorded in lactations 1 and 2. Milk fat and milk protein content declined in experiments 1 and 2, lactations 1 and 2 by 0.46, 0.38 and 0.27%, and 0.16, 0.16 and 0.11%, respectively. Yield of milk constituents was unaffected. Efficiency of milk production was increased by 5% in experiment 1. In experiment 2, lactation 2, monensin decreased beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate but increased blood glucose concentration.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1989

The epidemiology of mumps in southern Alberta 1980-1982.

The full spectrum of mumps in Southern Alberta was studied over the years 1980-1982. In the community, a random sample of 3,497 children was tested for prevalence of immunity to mumps. The 1,816 who were not immune were retested after one year. The incidence of new immunity was 16.5%. Most seroconverters had no illness suggestive of mumps. History of previous mumps or immunization were found to be unreliable predictors of serologic immune status. In the family study, information was obtained on 342 cases diagnosed as mumps by family physician recorders. The overall complication rate was 10.8% and the secondary attack rate within families was 11.7%. Hospital records of all 25 patients admitted in Calgary with mumps during the same period were analyzed. Estimated costs of unopposed mumps over 20 years compared with the estimated costs of vaccination showed that a vaccination program could give a benefit-cost ratio between 6.4 and 247. These studies show that mumps is a mild disease with relatively few serious complications or sequelae. Even so, there would be definite medical and economic benefit with immunization. A low-cost addition of mumps vaccine to the immunization program would be justified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Capgras' syndrome: outmoded term for changeling delusions?

A case of so-called Capgras' syndrome occurring in an elderly woman showing several degenerative conditions is presented as a basis for questioning the value of preserving this diagnostic term. It is pointed out that the concept of the changeling has ancient provenance in man's thought down the ages, and that its occurrence in psychosis does not justify its ascription as a syndrome. 'Changeling' or 'imposture' are terms which describe this kind of delusion usually occurring in underlying schizophrenic, affective and organic syndromes.

Aged↗
PubMed1969

Classification of disease in general practice: a comparative study.

A comparison is made between the International Classification of Diseases (Eighth Revision) and the classification of the British College of General Practitioners (1963 Revision), with particular reference to their application to the diagnostic data from a family practice in Canada over a period of one year. The International Classification proves superior but would require modification to be ideal for use in recording morbidity from general practice. A plan for such a modification is outlined.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mothers' perceptions of childhood immunizations in First Nations communities of the Sioux Lookout Zone.

OBJECTIVE: Low uptake of childhood immunizations is a problem in many First Nations communities. This article describes the results of a study that examined mothers' perceptions of childhood immunizations and the factors that influence uptake. METHOD: Person-centred interviews focussing on childhood immunizations and child health were conducted with 28 mothers of young children in two First Nations communities in the Sioux Lookout Zone. Content analysis was applied to the interview data and patterns and themes were developed. RESULTS: Data analysis identified four key factors as negatively influencing immunization uptake: knowledge barriers, the influence of others, vaccine barriers, and missed opportunities. CONCLUSIONS: Further research with Elders and community members along with culturally sensitive education initiatives are required to address low immunization uptake. Changes in health professionals' behaviours may serve to reduce missed opportunities.

Adolescent↗