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Biomedical subjects

M Tavakoli

Publications and source records attributed to M Tavakoli.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Ketamine-facilitated induced anxiety therapy and its effect upon clients' reactions to stressful situations.

Evaluated the role of physiological arousal in the Induced Anxiety therapy procedure. Assigned 21 normal Ss to either conventional Induced Anxiety Induced Anxiety supplemented by the drug ketamine during arousal, or a no-treatment condition. The ketamine group was superior to the conventional group which was superior to the no-treatment group in reducing negative affect experienced during stressful situations. Most of the reduction was in depressive affect. The superior results obtained by increasing physiological arousal could not be accounted for by increased subjective emotional arousal.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

Postspinal headache: use of epidural blood patch.

Epidural blood patch should be considered the treatment of choice for postoperative headache if oral fluids and bed rest provide no relief. There should be no hesitation in performing this procedure, provided there are no contraindications. The two important contraindications are (1) evidence of inflammation or infection on the back when the puncture is to be made and (2) septicemia. A representative case is presented.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An economic model of the market for hospital treatment for non-urgent conditions.

This paper develops an economic model of the market for treatment of waiting list conditions, in which complainants choose between private treatment, NHS treatment and no hospital treatment. This choice depends on a number of clinical and non-clinical factors, which enter the demand functions for private and NHS treatment. Among the key influences are the price of private treatment and the expected duration of wait for NHS treatment, both of which are endogenous variables in the model. Given a pair of private sector and NHS supply functions, expressions are obtained for the price and expected wait at which demand and supply are simultaneously equated in both the private sector and the NHS. The paper concludes by exploring the responsiveness of the equilibrium to various demand side and supply side shocks.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Butorphanol and morphine: a double-blind comparison of their parenteral analgesic activity.

The analgesic effects of butorphanol tartrate and morphine sulfate were compared in 127 patients judged to have moderate to severe pain following major operations. The study was double-blind, and the drugs were given IM at several dosage levels. Scores for pain intensity and relief, as well as pain-intensity difference, were determined at 30, 60 and 120 minutes after medication, then were analyzed by a parallel-line assay method in a modified computer program. The analysis indicated butorphanol tartrate to be 7 times as potent as morphine sulfate. Peak analgesic effects were obtained at 60 minutes with both drugs. Side effects were minimal in degree and incidence. Neither butorphanol nor morphine induced any changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, or respiratory rate. These data, along with those from studies elsewhere, suggest that butorphanol is a safe, potent, and effective analgesic agents, with probably a low potential for inducing drug dependence.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A cost minimisation analysis of cardiac failure treatment in the UK using CIBIS trial data. Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study.

The clinical benefits of beta-blockers in heart failure are currently subject to intense debate and are being investigated. The economic impact of beta-blockade, however, has largely remained unexplored. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS), while failing to show statistically significant reduction in mortality over conventional therapy, demonstrates that the administration of bisoprolol adjuvant to standard therapy leads to a significant reduction in hospital admission. The present study is a cost minimisation analysis based on CIBIS data for the UK and is restricted to direct costs only. The costs of bisoprolol medication and inpatient treatment of heart failure are considered. The 'base case' analysis and the sensitivity analyses carried on all cost driver parameters show that administering bisoprolol to heart failure patients adjuvantly to the standard therapy is at least cost neutral. Additional drug costs incurred by bisoprolol are compensated by the inpatient treatment costs of heart failure avoided. All other non-quantifiable clinical benefits such as improvement of New York Heart Association functional class are positive extras to patients and the National Health Service.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A physiologic analysis of cardiopulmonary responses to ketamine anesthesia in noncardiac patients.

In 16 adult patients, IV ketamine, 2.2 mg/kg body weight, did not produce dramatic effects on left heart function or systemic circulation. Minute O2 consumption and O2 delivery were stable. An appreciable elevation in pulmonary vascular resistance occurred which secondarily increased right heart work. Total intrapulmonary shunt initially increased; however, the effect was short lived and did not cause clinical alterations in PaO2. The authors conclude that physiologic alterations associated with ketamine are more pronounced on the pulmonary than on the systemic vascular bed, and to the right rather than to the left side of the heart.

Adult↗