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Biomedical subjects

M Tawara

Publications and source records attributed to M Tawara.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Diversity of leukaemic cell morphology in ATL correlates with prognostic factors, aberrant immunophenotype and defective HTLV-1 genotype.

To investigate the diversity of morphology in adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL) and its possible association with the pathophysiology of ATL, we selected 36 acute cases and 14 chronic cases phenotypically confirmed to have >90% ATL cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Prototype ATL cells were observed in all cases, although the percentage of all lymphoid cells varied considerably (48.9 +/- 23.8 in acute type, 29.6 +/- 18.9 in chronic type; P = 0.015). Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)-like morphology with round nuclei was more frequent in chronic type than in acute type (52.0 +/- 24.9% v 16.6 +/- 13.1%; P < 0.0001). Unusual morphology (UM; lymphoblastic, vacuolated, granular pleomorphic or large cells) was more frequent in acute type than in chronic type (20.1 +/- 18.7% v 2.7 +/- 3.2%; P < 0.0001). Furthermore, there were significant negative and positive correlations of % CLL-like cells and % UM cells respectively, with serum LDH level, hypercalcaemia, performance status, and total number of involved lesions. Cases with aberrant immunophenotype (n = 6) or defective HTLV-1 integration (n = 22) showed lower % CLL-like cells and higher % UM cells than other cases, respectively. Cases with >50% CLL-like cells (n = 7; all chronic type) were younger (53.1 +/- 12.2 v 66.9 +/- 10.6 years; P = 0.038) and showed longer acute-crisis free survival (mean: 16.7 v 3. 0 years; P = 0.012) than chronic cases with <50% CLL-like cells. These results suggest that diversity in genotype, phenotype, morphology and behaviour of ATL are closely associated, and that CLL-like morphology is a good prognostic factor for chronic type.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of energy metabolism in insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

To compare the metabolic consequences of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), glycemic control and energy metabolism were evaluated in 18 children displaying IDDM and 19 NIDDM adult patients. With rising concentrations of fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1C and free fatty acid, the percentage of the ratio of resting energy expenditure (REE) to predicted REE expressed as %REE increased and the respiratory quotient (RQ) decreased. The linear regression between RQ and FBG showed the same gradient in IDDM and NIDDM although the RQ in IDDM was always 0.07 lower than that in NIDDM given various FBG concentrations. Those patients whose RQ values were less than 0.7, indicating ketone body production, included 8 (44%) IDDM and 2 (11%) NIDDM patients. These results may explain the relatively greater manifestation of ketoacidosis in IDDM.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Trial of combined cytosine arabinoside with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy or refractory acute myeloid leukemia].

Thirteen cases, including 10 relapse cases, of refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (aged 17-70, median 46) by cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) combined with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) simultaneously to enhance the sensitivity to Ara-C. Low dose Ara-C (10-40 mg/day) combined with G-CSF was administered in most of them. Complete (CR) and partial remission (PR) were achieved in 5 and 4 patients, respectively, and response (CR + PR) rate was 69.2%. We obtained 5 CRs and 3 PRs in 10 patients with relapsed AML. However, CR and PR duration was short in all cases. None of the 3 patients with MO, AML transformed from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and de novo AML with trilineage myelodysplasia (TMDS) had any response. There was no leukemic colony formation in the culture medium containing G-CSF in the nonresponding patients. The combination therapy caused severe myelosuppression, and most patients experienced prolonged neutropenia, and suffered from infections. In some patients enhanced chemosensitivity of leukemic cells induced by G-CSF was indicated but, the effect of this approach must be determined by large scale controlled studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effect of saikosaponin derivatives upon the immune response against T-dependent and T-independent antigens in mice.

Effect of water soluble extracts and purified derivatives from the root of the plant Bupletum falcatum L. upon the immune response of BALB/c mice was investigated using heterologous erythrocytes and bacterial lipopolysaccharide. This Chinese Medicine is famous for its reputed anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and other biological activities, and has been widely used alone or in a complexed form since ancient times in Oriental Countries. The effect on immune responsiveness of this drug was judged by the measurement of antibody secreting cells causing localized hemolysis in agar gel. The purified derivatives, Saikosaponin (SS) a and d, suppressed anti-SRBC plaque-forming cells (PFC), but the other derivatives, b1 and b2 and c, did not. Moreover, derivatives a and d also enhanced anti-LPS PFC. From experiments establishing minimum effective doses for anti-SRBC PFC in mice, one mg/kg was optimum for BALB/c mice. The effect of the drug on antibody formation against heterologous erythrocytes was nonspecific because treated mice had greatly depressed PFC responses against both sheep and rabbit erythrocytes. The phenotypic effect of this drug as judged by PFC against T-dependent or T-independent antigen was not identified. However, it was suggested that the purified derivatives SSa and d stimulated both T- and B-cells. The possible mechanism of effect against immunocompotent cells is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[An approach to prolongation of survival rate in tumor bearing mice using 5-fluorouracil in combination with various kinds of herb medicine].

The effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in combination with herb medicine on the prolongation of survival rate in tumor bearing mice was studied. 5-FU directly inhibited the growth of cancer cells in vitro. However, the herb medicines used in this experiment showed neither an inhibitory effect on the growth of cancer cells nor prevention of inhibitory effect of 5-FU on the growth of cancer cells. 5-FU in combination with various kinds of herb medicine prolonged the survival time of tumor bearing mice. 5-FU in combination with shosaiko-toh was most effective; its increase of life span (ILS) was by 56%. However, mitomycin C in combination with shosaiko-toh was not associated with the prolongation of the survival rate of tumor bearing mice. The long-term administration of 5-FU to rats resulted in decrease in body weight, food intake, and white blood cell count, and these symptoms were improved when 5-FU was used in combination with shosaiko-toh. However, the increase in A/G ratio due to a decrease in the serum globulin fraction and marked atrophy of the thymus were not improved even when shosaiko-toh was combined with 5-FU.

Animals↗