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Biomedical subjects

M Thompson

Publications and source records attributed to M Thompson.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Simple CPR: A randomized, controlled trial of video self-instructional cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in an African American church congregation.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Despite the proven efficacy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), only a small fraction of the population knows how to perform it. As a result, rates of bystander CPR and rates of survival from cardiac arrest are low. Bystander CPR is particularly uncommon in the African American community. Successful development of a simplified approach to CPR training could boost rates of bystander CPR and save lives. We conducted the following randomized, controlled study to determine whether video self-instruction (VSI) in CPR results in comparable or better performance than traditional CPR training. METHODS: This randomized, controlled trial was conducted among congregational volunteers in an African American church in Atlanta, GA. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 34 minutes of VSI or the 4-hour American Heart Association "Heartsaver" CPR course. Two months after training, blinded observers used explicit criteria to assess CPR performance in a simulated cardiac arrest setting. A recording manikin was used to measure ventilation and chest compression characteristics. Participants also completed a written test of CPR-related knowledge and attitudes. RESULTS: VSI trainees displayed a comparable level of performance to that achieved by traditional trainees. Observers scored 40% of VSI trainees competent or better in performing CPR, compared with only 16% of traditional trainees (absolute difference 24%, 95% confidence interval 8% to 40%). Data from the recording manikin confirmed these observations. VSI trainees and traditional trainees achieved comparable scores on tests of CPR-related knowledge and attitudes. CONCLUSION: Thirty-four minutes of VSI can produce CPR of comparable quality to that achieved by traditional training methods. VSI provides a simple, quick, consistent, and inexpensive alternative to traditional CPR instruction, and may be used to extend CPR training to historically underserved populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Ring-substituted 11-oxo-11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoline-6-carboxamides with similar patterns of cytotoxicity to the dual topo I/II inhibitor DACA.

A series of ring-substituted analogues of the topoisomerase inhibitor 11-oxo-11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoline-6-carboxamides was prepared and evaluated. The compounds were prepared by Pfitzinger reaction of the appropriate isatin-7-carboxylic acids and 1-indanones, followed by selective thermal decarboxylation of the resulting tetracyclic diacids, subsequent oxidation of the methylene group with alkaline permanganate under carefully controlled conditions, and 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole-induced amidation. The compounds were evaluated in a panel of cell lines in culture. The largest increases in cytotoxicity (five to tenfold) were shown by 4-substituted analogues, with the 4-Cl derivative having an IC50 of 8 nM against the Lewis lung carcinoma.

Acridines↗
PubMed1999

High density oligonucleotide and DNA probe arrays for the analysis of target DNA.

The acquisition of sequence, expression and other information concerning genetic material constitutes a crucial component of the modern revolution in molecular biology. One important advance in this area is the development of high density oligonucleotide/DNA microarrays which allows the rapid sequence analysis of genomic target samples in addition to diagnostic possibilities with respect to genetic and infectious disease. In the present article we review protocols for the design of such microarrays and their principles of operation. Together with a look at some recent applications we include brief remarks as to the possibilities for the future.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Video networking of cardiac catheterization laboratories.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and accuracy of a video telecommunication network to transmit coronary images to provide on-line interaction between personnel in a cardiac catheterization laboratory and a remote core laboratory. METHODS: A telecommunication system was installed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory at Kaiser Hospital, Los Angeles, and the core laboratory at the University of California, Irvine, approximately 40 miles away. Cineangiograms, live fluoroscopy, intravascular ultrasound studies and images of the catheterization laboratory were transmitted in real time over a dedicated T1 line at 768 kilobytes/second at 15 frames/second. These cases were performed during a clinical study of angiographic guidance versus intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance of stent deployment. During the cases the core laboratory performed quantitative analysis of the angiograms and ultrasound images. Selected images were then annotated and transmitted back to the catheterization laboratory to facilitate discussion during the procedure. RESULTS: A successful communication hookup was obtained in 39 (98%) of 40 cases. Measurements of angiographic parameters were very close between the original cinefilm and the transmitted images. Quantitative analysis of the ultrasound images showed no significant difference in any of the diameter or cross-sectional area measurements between the original ultrasound tape and the transmitted images. The telecommunication link during the interventional procedures had a significant impact in 23 (58%) of 40 cases affecting the area to be treated, the size of the inflation balloon, recognition of stent underdeployment, or the existence of disease in other areas that was not noted on the original studies. CONCLUSIONS: Current video telecommunication systems provide high-quality images on-line with accurate representation of cineangiograms and intravascular ultrasound images. This system had a significant impact on 58% of the cases in this small clinical trial. Telecommunication networks between hospitals and a central core laboratory may facilitate physician training and improve technical skills and judgement during interventional procedures. This project has implications for how multicenter clinical trials could be operated through telecommunication networks to ensure conformity with the protocol.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed1999

Gracilis myocutaneous free-flap model in the rabbit.

This study was carried out to describe the anatomy and microsurgical free transfer of the gracilis myocutaneous flap in a rabbit model, and to evaluate its usefulness in further reconstructive microsurgical investigations.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Positron emission tomography in patients with benign essential blepharospasm.

PURPOSE: To identify possible abnormalities in regional cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with benign essential blepharospasm or Meige syndrome using positron emission tomography. METHODS: Ten patients with benign essential blepharospasm and one patient with Meige syndrome were examined using positron emission tomography with deoxyglucose labeled with fluorine 18. The severity of muscle spasm at the time of positron emission tomography was recorded in each patient. In five patients, positron tomography was performed on two occasions (once before and again 1 to 2 weeks after botulinum injection) to look for reproducibility of the findings on positron emission tomography also to see if there was any correlation between the severity of symptoms and positron emission tomography findings. RESULTS: The mean reference ratio for fluorodeoxyglucose F18 metabolism was significantly elevated in the striatum compared with the frontal, temporal, or parietal regions. Glucose metabolism was also elevated in the thalami. There was no correlation between the severity of blepharospasm and the degree of hyperactivity in the striatum. In the patients who underwent positron emission tomography scanning on two occasions, there was no significant difference between the two studies in any of the regions analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: The authors' findings support the hypothesis that benign essential blepharospasm and Meige syndrome may be associated with overactivity of the striatum and the thalamus. Positron emission tomography may prove to be a useful research tool and a possible adjunct diagnostic technique for benign essential blepharospasm and Meige syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Long-term respiratory health effects of the herbicide, paraquat, among workers in the Western Cape.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possible effects of paraquat spraying among workers on deciduous fruit farms in the Western Cape, South Africa. Paraquat is a commonly used herbicide world wide and is a well documented cause of pulmonary fibrosis in studies of laboratory animals and in humans after exposure to a high dose (usually accidental or as parasuicide). The respiratory effects of long term, low dose exposure to paraquat have not been fully evaluated. METHODS: A cross sectional study of 126 workers. Administered questionnaires generated information on exposure, respiratory symptoms, and potential confounding variables. Spirometry and gas transfer were measured and chest radiographs performed. Oxygen desaturation on exercise testing was by oximetry during a modified stage one exercise test. RESULTS: No association was found between long term exposure to paraquat and reported symptoms, spirometry (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC) and gas transfer (TLCO and KCO) or chest radiography. Multivariate analysis showed a significant relation between measures of long term exposure to paraquat and arterial oxygen desaturation during exercise independent of short term exposure. CONCLUSION: Previous studies have not shown a significant relation between measures of exposure to paraquat and standard tests of lung function. Arterial oxygen desaturation during exercise represents a more sensitive test. The findings indicate that working with paraquat under usual field conditions is associated with abnormal exercise physiology in a dose dependent fashion independent of recent exposure and acute poisoning events.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Human ocular effects from self-reported exposures to Roundup herbicides.

We evaluated ocular effects from reported human exposures to Roundup herbicides based on 1513 calls to an American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) certified regional poison center during the years 1993 through 1997. The preponderance of reported exposures were judged by poison center specialists to result in either no injury (21%) or transient minor symptoms (70%). There was some temporary injury in 2% of cases; one injury took more than 2 weeks to resolve. In no instance did exposure result in permanent change to the structure or function of the eye. Since the representativeness of calls to poison control centers is unknown, several interpretations of these findings are possible. The most conservative interpretation is that there were no serious ocular effects from exposure to Roundup herbicides during a 5 year period among callers to a single regional poison center. A less conservative interpretation would be that severe ocular effects from Roundup exposures are rare among users of these products.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Serum distemper virus and parvovirus antibody titers among dogs brought to a veterinary hospital for revaccination.

OBJECTIVE: To determine serum canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) antibody titers in healthy dogs brought to a veterinary hospital for revaccination. DESIGN: Case series. ANIMALS: 122 dogs. PROCEDURE: Serum antibody titers were measured by means of hemagglutination inhibition (CPV titers) or serum neutralization (CDV titers) at the time dogs were brought to the hospital for revaccination. All dogs had been vaccinated between 271 and 1,665 days previously. Dogs were grouped by age, breed (purebred vs mixed breed), sex, and weight to determine whether these factors were associated with antibody titers. Serum CPV titers > or = 1:80 and serum CDV titers > or = 1:96 were considered protective. RESULTS: Breed, sex, and weight were not significantly associated with serum CPV and CDV titers. Age was significantly associated with CPV titer, with younger dogs having higher titers, but was not associated with CDV titer. Thirty-three of 122 (27%; 95% confidence interval, 19.0 to 34.9%) dogs had a less-than-protective CPV titer. Twenty-five of 117 (21%; 95% confidence interval, 13.6 to 28.4%) dogs had a less-than-protective CDV titer. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Results suggest that, on the basis of serum antibody titers, the current practice of annual revaccination of dogs against CPV and CDV infection should be maintained. Measurement of antibody titers to determine whether revaccination is truly needed would seem justifiable in those dogs that have previously had an adverse reaction to vaccination.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Mutation screening of the dopamine D1 receptor gene in Tourette's syndrome and alcohol dependent patients.

We report a single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of the coding region of the dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1) in Tourette's syndrome (n = 50) and control (n = 50) subjects. Tourette's syndrome populations with comorbidity for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (AD-HD) (n = 35) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) (n = 30) were also screened. As a related study, we also screened patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence (n = 72). The present study discovered no DRD1 coding region mutations in any of the Tourette's syndrome or alcohol dependent patients. One silent mutation, a C for a T at Ile49, was discovered in one control subject. The non-polymorphic structure of the DRD1 gene among the Tourette's syndrome, Tourette's syndrome comorbid with AD-HD and OCD and the alcohol dependent populations screened by SSCP suggests that coding region mutations of the DRD1 gene are unlikely to contribute to the inheritance of these disorders.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1998

Cardiac failure in transgenic mice with myocardial expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

BACKGROUND: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a multifunctional cytokine that has been detected in several human cardiac-related conditions, including congestive heart failure and septic cardiomyopathy. In these conditions, the origin of TNF-alpha secretion is, at least in part, cardiac myocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS: To determine the consequences of TNF-alpha production by cardiac myocytes in vivo, we developed transgenic mice in which expression of a murine TNF-alpha coding sequence was driven by the murine alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter. Four transgenic founders developed an identical illness consisting of tachypnea, decreased activity, and hunched posture. In vivo, ECG-gated MRI of symptomatic transgenic mice documented a severe impairment of cardiac function evidenced by biventricular dilatation and depressed ejection fractions. All transgenic mice died prematurely. Pathological examination of affected animals revealed a globular dilated heart, bilateral pleural effusions, myocyte apoptosis, and transmural myocarditis in both the right and left ventricular free walls, septum, and atrial chambers. In all terminally ill animals, there was significant biventricular fibrosis and atrial thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report detailing the effects of tissue-specific production of TNF-alpha by cardiac myocytes in vivo. These findings indicate that production of TNF-alpha by cardiac myocytes is sufficient to cause severe cardiac disease and support a causal role for this cytokine in the pathogenesis of human cardiac disease.

Animals↗