Biomedical subjects

M Thornton

Publications and source records attributed to M Thornton.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1989

Modifying influence of dehydroepiandrosterone or butylated hydroxytoluene treatment on initiation and development stages of azaserine-induced acinar pancreatic preneoplastic lesions in the rat.

Dietary administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (0.6%) or butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (1%) during or subsequent to two i.p. injections of azaserine (30 mg/kg body wt) resulted in significant alteration of yield of preneoplastic lesions in both pancreas and liver. While concomitant application appeared not to have any effect on subsequent development of glutathione S-transferase P form (GST-P) positive hepatocellular lesions in either case, BHT and to a lesser extent also DHEA reduced initiation of pancreatic acinar carcinogenesis. Both BHT and DHEA were associated with significant increase in GST-A form positive pancreatic foci when administered after cessation of carcinogen treatment while clearly inhibiting liver lesion development. The results point to a marked differential in the response of the liver and pancreas to external stimulus with regard to preneoplastic focal lesions while demonstrating significant second stage promotion of pancreatic acinar carcinogenesis by BHT and DHEA.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Oesophageal perforation with minitracheostomy.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Esophageal Perforation↗

PubMed1988

Sex-dependent, tissue-specific opposing effects of dehydroepiandrosterone on initiation and modulation stages of liver and lung carcinogenesis induced by dihydroxy-di-n-propylnitrosamine in F344 rats.

Administration of the hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (0.6% in the diet) during or subsequent to injections of the carcinogen dihydroxy-di-n-propylnitrosamine (DHPN) (2 X 1000 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) brought about alteration in the yield of preneoplastic lesions in liver and lung of both male and female F344 rats. Concomitant treatment with DHEA was associated with decrease in the numbers and size of glutathione S-transferase (GST-P)-positive hepatocellular foci while effecting a significant increase in development of lung lesions, especially in females. Long-term treatment with the hormone subsequent to carcinogen exposure brought about a reduction in numbers of liver foci in both sexes but in males was also associated with the development of large GST-P-negative foci and nodules of amphophilic/tigroid cell character. DHEA itself did not induce any focal lesions in the lungs or livers of either sex. Thus the hormone increased sensitivity to 'initiation' in the lung while decreasing that in the liver and exerted a sex-dependent pronounced modulation of the phenotype of a proportion of hepatocellular lesions.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 production in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex.

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) production by freshly isolated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated adherent monocytes-macrophages and IL-2 production by unstimulated and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-activated T cells were examined in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC). Spontaneous IL-1 production was significantly increased in patients with ARC, whereas IL-1 production by LPS-activated monocytes-macrophages was significantly decreased in patients with AIDS. Spontaneous IL-2 production by unstimulated T cells was significantly decreased in AIDS and IL-2 produced by PHA-activated T cells was significantly decreased in AIDS and ARC. This study shows abnormality of both monocyte and T-cell functions in AIDS and ARC. These abnormalities appear to play a role in the immunopathogenesis of AIDS.

AIDS-Related Complex↗

PubMed1985

Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in man. XIII. Characterization of the T-T autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction.

In this study we have demonstrated that in the T-TA autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR), OKT4+ T cells are the major responders; however, in the presence of additional interleukin-2 (IL-2), OKT8+ T cells also respond by proliferation. Both OKT4+ and OKT8+ T cells, activated in the T-non-T AMLR, act as stimulators in the T-TA AMLR. OKT4+ T cells activated in the T-TA AMLR suppress the proliferative response of the fresh T-non-T AMLR; control OKT4+ cells show no immunoregulatory activity in this system. In contrast, control OKT8+ T cells spontaneously suppress the proliferation of the T-non-T AMLR, but activation of OKT8+ T cells in the T-TA AMLR does not result in a further increase in the suppressor activity of OKT8+ T cells. In summary, in the T-non-T and T-TA AMLR phenotypically similar T-cell subpopulations proliferate but express distinct immunoregulatory functions and perhaps regulate the tempo of the AMLR.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1979

Spotlight on children. A British sister's view of nursing in Saudi Arabia.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Comparative study of the dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the striatum and hypothalamus of rat brain.

Stimulation by dopamine of adenylate cyclase in homogenates of rat brain striatum was enhanced in the presence of ATP (0.6--3 mM) and GTP (10--100 micrometer). The stimulation by dopamine appeared to be the result of its antagonism of inhibition of adenylate cyclase by GTP or higher concentrations of ATP. Stimulation of the enzyme by dopamine was also dependent on MgCl2, and was maximal at MgCl2 concentrations of at least two fold excess over ATP. While ATP did not inhibit adenylate cyclase in homogenates of the ventral hypothalamus, GTP (10--100 micrometer) significantly stimulated it. Dopamine stimulated the adenylate cyclase in the hypothalamus. This action was blocked by chlorpromazine (10 micrometer) and phentolamine (100 micrometer) but not by an analogue of chlorpromazine having no neuroleptic activity or by propranolol (100 micrometer).

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1978

Assessment of the nutritional state of patients with an intestinal fistula.

The arm muscle area, derived fat-free mass, urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine and creatinine were measured serially in a group of patients with an intestinal fistula receiving prolonged nutritional support. While the two anthropometric tests appeared reasonable indicators of changes in muscle mass in these patients, the marked intra-individual variability in excretion of 3-methylhistidine and creatinine created problems in interpretation. It is suggested that more use be made of serial anthropometry in district general hospitals as an alternative, simple, measure of nutritional status.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976