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Biomedical subjects

M Timio

Publications and source records attributed to M Timio.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

Adrenosympathetic overactivity under conditions of work stress.

Serial measurements of urinary adrenaline, noradrenaline, and 11-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion were performed on 32 healthy men under two conditions of work stress; piecework and work on assembly line. A statistically significant increase in adrenaline, noradrenaline, and 11-hydroxycorticosteroids was observed for piecework and assembly line workers compared with salaried and 'ordinary' workers. The results support the assumption that psychosocial factors of an everyday type have significant effects on the sympathoadrenomedullary and adrenocortical function.

11-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗

Blood pressure in nuns in a secluded order: A 30-year follow-up.

The powerful effect of psychosocial and acculturating influences on population blood pressure trends seems to be confirmed, through longitudinal observations, in the nuns in a secluded order. After initial observations had been made on culture, body form, blood pressure, diet, and other variables in 144 nuns and 138 lay women, included as a control group, a 30-year follow-up study was undertaken. Most striking were opposite trends noted between the two groups in blood pressure trend. During the follow-up period, blood pressure remained remarkably stable among the nuns. None showed an increase in diastolic blood pressure over 90 mm Hg. By contrast, the control women showed the expected increase in blood pressure with age. This resulted in a gradually greater difference (delta>30/15 mm Hg) in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the two groups, which was statistically significant. In addition, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, expressed as the outcome of fatal and nonfatal events, were different in the two groups. They were significantly more common in the lay women than in the nuns. Comparisons between survival curves were statistically significant (p = 0.0043 for fatal events; p = 0.0056 for nonfatal events) between the two groups. In conclusion, it seems reasonable to attribute much of the difference in blood pressure and cardiovascular events, to the different burden in psychosocial factor and to the preserved peaceful lifestyle of the nuns.

Adult↗

3 R study: renal outcome in renal ischemia: revascularisation or medical treatment.

Ischemic nephropathy refers to the kidney damage following stenosis or an obstructive lesion in the main kidney arteries. This disorder has been overlooked in the past and a more rational and specific use of clinical criteria, and the development of not very invasive techniques with a good diagnostic accuracy such as spiral CT angiography, NMR angiography and echo-colour-Doppler have improved our ability to identify these patients. It is therefore likely that, in the next few years, we will find ourselves treating an increasing number of patients with renovascular ischemic disorders. Transluminal angioplasty and, more recently, the use of endovascular stents, have led to a marked improvement in the treatment of stenoses and, together with vascular surgery, allow to treat almost all patients with this disorder. There is, however, a lack of prospective and controlled studies, which demonstrate the long term benefit of revascularization treatment, as compared with optimum conservative treatment in reducing cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular events and preserving renal function. The Ischemic Nephropathy Study Group of the Italian Society of Nephrology has organized a prospective, controlled study over a period of three years, aimed at comparing the effect of revascularization versus medical therapy in 300 patients with renal artery stenosis, ranging between 50 and 90 per cent, who will be randomly assigned to the two treatments. End point will be cardiovascular mortality and morbidity and need for renal replacement therapy.

Follow-Up Studies↗

Plasma sulfate concentration and hyperhomocysteinemia in hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Severe hyperhomocysteinemia is common in hemodialysis patients, who also present a dramatic increase in plasma concentrations of sulfate, one of the main products of methionine and cysteine catabolism. The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between high plasma sulfate levels and cysteine or homocysteine concentrations in hemodialysis patients. METHODS: Plasma sulfate, cysteine and homocysteine concentrations and some renal efficiency parameters were determined in 18 patients with end-stage renal failure, all undergoing 4h hemodialysis three times a week. The pattern of post-dialysis rises on plasma concentrations of sulfate, cysteine and homocysteine was established. RESULTS: Plasma sulfate, cysteine and homocysteine levels were significantly higher in patients than in normal controls. Plasma sulfate concentrations positively correlated with cysteinemia (p = 0.031; r = 0.482) which, in turn correlated with homocysteinemia (p = 0.042; r = 0.460). Sulfate levels also correlated with blood creatinine (p = 0.004; r = 0.630), nitrogen (p = 0.000; r = 0.899), protein (p = 0.014; r = 0.555), and albumin (p = 0.003; r = 0.642). Post-dialysis rises in sulfate and cysteine were detected some hours before homocysteine. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that high sulfate levels, due mainly to impaired renal function, are involved in the altered metabolism of homocysteine in hemodialysis patients.

Cysteine↗

[Historical Archives of Italian Nephrology: The Cerretani and charlatans: a poor page in the history of medicine and nephrology].

Cerreto is a tiny town in the Valnerine area (Umbria) famous all over the world for the phenomenon of charlatanism derived from Cerretani inhabitants. In the Middle Ages, these people started to beg for alms on hehalf of medical and religious foundations. When their occupation ended due to religious prohibition (Council of Trent) the Cerretani shifted to Charlatanism or quackery. The Charlatans exploited the absence of institutional medicine in rural areas and the credulity and superstition of many sick people. A cynical distrust of the medical profession in urban areas helped the charlatans' activity to spread. They delivered diagnostic advice and therapeutic remedies in public squares. Renal and bladder remedies were key cures from still earlier quackeries. Some historians of medicine believe that some rural or town citizens were particulalry addicted to panaceas or placebos. Charlatans from all over the world poured into the happy hunting grounds. Quackery flourished on a grand scale until education spread throughout the population and medical services were made available to the poor. Special laws to safeguard health-care, helped undermine the charlatan healing phenomenon. Popular quackery medicine neared its end in the mid twentieth century. The history of medicine never follows a linear development such as great discoveries, political reforms, growing cultural interests. By contrast, it runs parallel to local, national and world histories. The history of medicine is largely regarded as a subdivision of the history of the world. Aspects of medicine lying outside the scientific horizon are regarded as of subsidiary importance. Does the history of the Charlatan phenomenon confirm such a statement?

History, 15th Century↗