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Biomedical subjects

M Tobin

Publications and source records attributed to M Tobin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Cerebellar glucose consumption in normal and pathologic states using fluorine-FDG and PET.

We studied cerebellar metabolism in 118 subjects including young and elderly controls and patients suffering from stroke, supratentorial brain tumor and Alzheimer's disease using fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) and position emission tomography (PET). Alzheimer's disease and normal aging did not alter mean cerebellar metabolism. In stroke and tumor mean cerebellar metabolism was lower in the hemisphere contralateral to the supratentorial lesion. In tumor bilaterally significant reductions in absolute cerebellar metabolism also were noted, unlike stroke. Primary sensory stimulation did not alter absolute or relative cerebellar metabolism. These results show that absolute and relative values for cerebellar metabolism vary depending on the process under study. Thus analysis schemes employing normalization of regional metabolic data to cerebellar values may be subject to error.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Influenza B virus genome: complete nucleotide sequence of the influenza B/lee/40 virus genome RNA segment 5 encoding the nucleoprotein and comparison with the B/Singapore/222/79 nucleoprotein.

The complete nucleotide sequence of a cloned full-length DNA copy of genome RNA segment 5 of influenza B/Lee/40 virus has been determined. The genome segment is 1841 nucleotides in length and is capable of coding for a nucleoprotein (NP) of 560 amino acids. Comparison with the only other known sequence of an influenza B virus nucleoprotein gene (B/Singapore/222/79) indicates striking homology. Only 113 nucleotide substitutions are present between the two strains in their protein coding region and these lead to only 22 amino acid substitutions between nucleoproteins of identical polypeptide chain length. Assuming a common lineage, this reflects a calculated rate of amino acid sequence divergence of 0.1% per year. Like its influenza A virus counterpart, the influenza B/Lee/40 nucleoprotein is a basic protein with a relatively even distribution of its charged residues. The remarkable conservation of nucleoprotein primary structure over a 39-year period probably reflects both selection for performance of specific functions and protection from antigenic selection by the host immune system.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Angiotensin-induced sodium excretion patterns in cirrhosis: role of renal prostaglandins.

Changes in renal hemodynamics and sodium excretion induced by an angiotensin II (AII) infusion were correlated with urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) excretion in 15 patients with cirrhosis and ascites. All induced natriuretic responses in 47% and antinatriuretic responses in 53% of the patients. Natriuresis was accompanied by an increase; antinatriuresis by a decrease in PGE2 excretion. Although there was no change in GFR (CIn), renal blood flow (CPAH) decreased. Patients were clinically indistinguishable. Antinatriuretic responders tended, however, to have higher baseline PGE2 excretion rates, were more sensitive to effects of prostaglandin blockade, and were less sensitive to the pressor effect of AII. Following partial inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin, AII-induced natriuretic responses were accentuated. GFR, RBF, and urine flow rate markedly decreased in both groups. There was no difference in pressor sensitivity to AII following prostaglandin synthesis blockade. We conclude that in patients with hepatic cirrhosis, the sodium excretion pattern induced by an exogenous AII challenge may depend on the prior state of intrarenal prostaglandin activity. Our findings also support the hypothesis that renal hemodynamic parameters in patients with cirrhosis and ascites are crucially dependent on renal prostaglandins.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1980

A macrofunction for computer processing of comprehensive renal function studies.

Details of a series of computer programs associated with a complex renal function procedure, all linked together into a single "macrofunction" are presented. Input consisted of not only in vivo nuclear medicine information, but also data concerning patient identification, urine volumes, voiding time, urine specific gravity, blood pressure and other pertinent information. Computer output consisted of images, curves and typed information presented in an integrated format ready for inclusion into the patient's record. Clinical evaluation of this comprehensive renal function macrofunction has proved to be useful, econominal, rapid and accurate. It has conveniently sorted a wide variety of disease states and provided clinical information not available from any other non-invasive technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Hemodialysis for methanol intoxication.

A patient with toxic levels of methanol was hemodialyzed while receiving an ethanol infusion. It was demonstrated that during the dialysis significant quantities of both ethanol (17.70 gms) and methanol (26.69 gms) were extracted. Also, it was shown that the ethanol did not competetively inhibit the extraction of the methanol. Since ethanol is removed in significant quantities during dialysis, one should increase its infusion rate during hemodialysis and decrease the rate when the patient is not being dialyzed. This would achieve adequate and constant blood levels of ethanol and would satisfactorily inhibit the metabolism of methanol by the liver.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Hemodialysis for phenformin associated lactic acidosis.

A patient who attempted suicide by ingesting a large amount of phenformin developed a severe lactic acidosis. After receiving hemodialysis on two successive days, she recovered without sequela. On both occasions, the dialyses temporarily improved the degree of acidosis. The amount of phenformin extracted during these two procedures was measured and found to be only 1.5% of the total amount of drug ingested. Therefore, it is felt that hemodialysis does not remove the offending drug but does play a supportive role in the management of these patients by temporarily ameliorating some of the biochemical abnormalities.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗
PubMed1978

Endocarditis in hemodialysis patients with systemic disease.

The presence of systemic disease may further increase the risk of bacterial endocarditis in the patient on chronic hemodialysis. Three patients are described; one with primary amyloidosis, a second with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, and a third with heroin nephropathy who developed S.B.E. While the presence of the uremic state may hinder the recognition of endocarditis, the development of transient neurologic deficits, recent access infections and recurrent bacteremic episodes should be looked for as early clues to the diagnosis in this patient population.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Tuberous sclerosis with striking renal involvement in a family.

We describe five cases of tuberous sclerosis in members of one family, all having renal involvement but with differences in age of onset and mode of presentation. Clinical, laboratory, and pathologic features helpful in diagnosing this condition and in distinguishing it from polycystic kidney disease and renal neoplasms are stressed. Tuberous sclerosis should always be considered in differential diagnosis of patients with multiple cystic renal lesions, particularly when age of onset of symptoms ranges from infancy to adult life in different members of one family. Absence both of specific glomerular or tubular lesions in ultrastructure and of major abnormalities in renal tubular function supports the existing concept that replacement of nephrons by hamartomatous lesions is the cause of progressive renal failure.

Adenoma↗