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Biomedical subjects

M Tojo

Publications and source records attributed to M Tojo.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein levels: a case report and a review of 28 cases reported in Japan.

A 60-year-old male with elevated serum AFP levels is reported. Other tumor markers apart from AFP were normal. Serum AFP did not bind to Con A or Lentil-lectin by affinity chromatography. Abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography and endoscopic retrograded cholangiopancreatography demonstrated a tumor extending from the body to the tail of the pancreas. The tumor was strongly suggested to be an acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas, based on the histological findings of the resected specimen. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase method showed cancer cells to be positive for AFP. In Japan, only 27 cases of pancreatic cancer with elevated serum AFP level have been reported. This is the first Japanese case of pancreatic cancer in which the binding of serum AFP to lectins was investigated.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1992

[Ergometric and pathologic study of a family with complex I deficiency].

We studied a family with a myopathic form of complex I deficiency with regard to the clinical symptoms, usefulness of the exercise tolerance test with an ergometer for screening of mitochondrial abnormalities, pathological findings in biopsied muscles and genetics. In this family, none of the members had disorders of the central nervous system, such as convulsions, mental deterioration or stroke-like episodes. In the two affected generations, three mothers and three children had mitochondrial abnormalities. Two children were diagnosed as having complex I deficiency. One of them, an 8-year-old girl with normal psychomotor development during infancy, began to experience easy fatigability at about 3 years of age. At the age of 5 years, she experienced respiratory distress and became unconscious. Thereafter, she had similar episodic respiratory problems with lactic acidosis. Ragged-red fibers and respiratory chain enzyme defects were detected in the biopsied muscle. Another child, a 15-year-old boy with easy fatigability but no muscle weakness, had normal respiratory chain enzyme activities and a normal oxysogram: oxygen consumption showed a normal responses when malate and pyruvate were added as substrates for the isolated mitochondria. His muscle pathology revealed rare ragged-red fibers and abnormal subsarcolemmal mitochondrial aggregation. An investigation with an ergometer showed elevated serum lactate and pyruvate levels. Only one mother had muscle weakness and hyper-lactic acidemia. The other two mothers had no muscle symptoms, but abnormal results were obtained with the ergometer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Change of external urethral sphincter function in prostatic patients.

External urethral function was urodynamically examined in 13 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) associated with chronic urinary retention and in 5 volunteers. Prevoiding drop in external urethral sphincter pressure was noted in all the volunteers, whereas it was not found in 6 of the 13 cases of BPH. Bladder neck opening pressure was higher in these 6 cases (p less than 0.05). After administration of phentolamine, prevoiding drop was noted in 5 of these 6 cases, and bladder neck opening pressure decreased so much that there was no significant intergroup difference. The above results mean that the increase in alpha-adrenergic receptors makes the prostate, which has been already hypertrophied, less elastic, inhibiting external urinary sphincter function.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Protection against endocarditis due to Staphylococcus epidermidis by immunization with capsular polysaccharide/adhesin.

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus epidermidis is the principal pathogen in prosthetic valve endocarditis. The capsular polysaccharide adhesin (PS/A) has been shown to mediate attachment of bacteria to medical devices. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of active and passive immunization against PS/A in preventing S. epidermidis endocarditis in a rabbit model. METHODS AND RESULTS: Aortic valve vegetations were produced by inserting a Teflon catheter into the left ventricle through the right carotid artery. Bacteremia and endocarditis were then established by implanting in the left jugular vein a catheter that was attached to an osmotic pump and contaminated with S. epidermidis strain RP62A. During a 3-week study period, of 64 blood cultures taken every second or third day from six nonimmune rabbits, 54 (84%) yielded strain RP62A. In rabbits actively immunized with PS/A, eight of 60 blood cultures (13%) were positive (odds ratio 5.0, 95% CI, 2.0-12.3, p = 0.005). At death, all six nonimmune rabbits had infected vegetations that yielded 10(6)-10(11) colony-forming units (cfu)/g of vegetation, whereas only one PS/A-immunized rabbit had an infected vegetation. Immunization protocols designed to elicit antibody to teichoic acid but not to PS/A afforded no protection against bacteremia or endocarditis. Infusion of monoclonal antibody to PS/A through a catheter in the right jugular vein provided a level of protection against both bacteremia and endocarditis comparable to that produced by active immunization. In vitro, antibody against PS/A was opsonic for S. epidermidis. CONCLUSIONS: Immunoprophylaxis targeted at staphylococcal PS/A is a promising new approach to the prevention of prosthetic valve endocarditis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Structure of the D-mannan of Candida stellatoidea IFO 1397 strain. Comparison with that of the phospho-D-mannan of Candida albicans NIH B-792 strain.

The structure of the D-mannan of Candida stellatoidea IFO 1397 strain, which has properties identical to those of the phospho-D-mannan of C. albicans serotype B strain, does not contain phosphate groups, and its 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectra are quite similar to those of the phospho-D-mannan of C. albicans NIH B-792 strain. However, the 1H-n.m.r. and 1H-13C-correlation n.m.r. spectra of the products obtained by digestion with alpha-D-mannosidase of C. stellatoidea D-mannan considerably differed from those of the corresponding digestion products of the C. albicans phospho-D-mannan. Additionally, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, by means of a monoclonal antibody corresponding to (1----2)-linked beta-D-oligomannosyl residues, of the phospho-D-mannan of the same C. albicans strain indicated that the C. stellatoidea D-mannan does not contain any (1----2)-linked beta-D-oligomannosyl residues. The absence of these residues may be used as one of the criteria of chemotaxonomical identification of C. stellatoidea spp.

Candida↗
PubMed1990

Antibody to the capsular polysaccharide/adhesin protects rabbits against catheter-related bacteremia due to coagulase-negative staphylococci.

A rabbit model of catheter-related bacteremia was developed to study immunity to the capsular polysaccharide/adhesin (PS/A) of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Catheters colonized by coagulase-negative staphylococci were inserted into the right jugular vein and attached to a subcutaneous osmotic pump, and blood cultures were obtained over 14 days. Nonimmune rabbits were bacteremic for 6-8 days after infection, hypoglycemic, and hyperlipidemic and had strong immune responses to teichoic acid but not to PS/A. PS/A immunization, but not teichoic acid immunization, reduced the number of bacteremic days by approximately 60%, diminished the hypoglycemia and hyperlipidemia, and ablated the immune responses to teichoic acid. Passive infusion of PS/A-specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies using a separate, noninfected catheter-pump combination implanted in the left jugular protected against both bacteremia and hematogenous colonization of this contralateral catheter.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[A case of complex I deficiency with episodic respiratory distress].

A 7-year-old girl with normal psychomotor development during infancy began to have easy fatigability about 3 years of age. At the age of 5 years, she developed respiratory distress and became unconscious when the serum lactate and pyruvate levels were markedly elevated and a blood gas analysis showed respiratory and metabolic acidosis. Thereafter, she had similar episodic respiratory problems with lactic acidosis. Her muscle biopsy showed a myopathic pattern and numerous ragged-red fibers in an approximately half of muscle fibers. Lipid droplets were slightly to moderately increased in amount mostly in the ragged-red fibers. A biochemical analysis on the isolated mitochondria from the biopsied sample showed markedly decreased NADH cytochrome c reductase activity with no specific but rather uniformly decreased subunits of complex I by the immunoblotting method. She was diagnosed as having the myopathic form of complex I deficiency because she and her relatives with similar muscle symptoms had no central nervous system symptoms such as progressive mental deterioration, convulsions and stroke-like episodes. Diagnosis of complex I deficiency was further confirmed by an oxograph study; the oxygen consumption was not detectable when malate and pyruvate were added as the substrates in the isolated mitochondria. Although stroke-like episodes and convulsions are commonly seen in complex I deficiency, episodic respiratory distress as seen in the present patient has not been described in the literature.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Nemaline myopathy of severe infantile type: a case report of a 9-year-old girl].

A girl with severe infantile type of nemaline myopathy was reported, who is still alive at the age of 9 years and 3 months. Myopathy was so severe that antigravity movement has been seen only at fingers and toes since early infancy. Skeletal muscles of extremities and lumbogluteal regions were found to be replaced by fat on CT examination. Her daily activity has been improved by speech therapy and introduction of an electric wheel chair controlled with her chin. Cor pulmonale has gradually progressed by 8 years of age, although myopathic symptoms were apparently nonprogressive. Most patients of nemaline myopathy of this type were reported to have died of respiratory insufficiency by two years of age. Our present case was probably the oldest recorded in the literature, surviving up to the age of 9 years.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical effects of clenbuterol-HCL in urge incontinence and stress incontinence].

A total of 49 patients complaining of pollakisuria and incontinence; 20 patients with overactive neurogenic bladder and 29 patients with stress incontinence, were treated with clenbuterol, and the effects of the drug were studied. Subjective symptoms were improved markedly in 8 patients (17%), moderately in 14 patients (29%), and slightly in 10 patients (21%). The symptoms were unchanged in 15 patients (31%) and aggravated in 1 patient (2%). In objective observation, the volume at first desire to void (P less than 0.01) and the maximum urethral closure pressure (P less than 0.05) significantly increased. The objective symptoms were improved markedly in 2 patients (5%), moderately in 12 patients (27%), and slightly in 11 patients (25%). The symptoms were unchanged in 15 patients (34%) and aggravated in 4 patients (9%). Overall improvement was graded as marked in 7 patients (15%), moderate in 17 patients (35%), slight in 11 patients (23%), unchanged in 13 patients (27%) and aggravated in none. In neurogenic bladder, the overall improvement was graded as marked in 2 patients (11%), moderate in 4 patients (21%), slight in 4 patients (21%), unchanged in 9 patients (47%) and aggravated in none. In stress incontinence, the overall improvement was graded as marked in 5 patients (17%), moderate in 13 patients (45%), slight in 7 patients (24%), unchanged in 4 patients (14%) and aggravated in none. Side effects were noted in 12 patients (25%) and they were all not serious. Finger tremor was the most common side effect (5 patients).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Structural analysis of phospho-D-mannan-protein complexes isolated from yeast and mold form cells of Candida albicans NIH A-207 serotype A strain.

The immunochemical properties between phospho-D-mannan-protein complexes of yeast (Y) and mycelial (M) forms of Candida albicans NIH A-207 (serotype A) strain were compared. Hydrolysis of the Y-form complex gave a mixture of beta-(1----2)-linked D-mannooligosaccharides consisting mainly of tri- and tetra-ose, whereas the M-form complex gave preponderantly D-mannose. The antiserum against Y-form cells exhibited a lower reactivity with the M-form than with the Y-form complex, whereas the antiserum to M-form cells could not distinguish significantly between both complexes. Moreover, these acid-modified complexes showed lower antibody-precipitating effect than each corresponding intact complex against antisera of Y- and M-form cells. Digestion of the acid-modified Y- and M-form complexes with the Arthrobacter GJM-1 strain alpha-D-mannosidase yielded 35- and 40-% degradation products, respectively. Acetolysis of each modified complex under mild conditions gave the same D-mannohexaose, beta-D-Manp-(1----2)-beta-D-Manp-(1----2)-alpha-D-Manp -(1----2)-alpha-D-Manp- (1----2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1----2)-D-Man. Because the complexes of Y- and M-form cells of C. albicans NIH B-792 (serotype B) strain did not give any hexaose fraction containing beta-(1----2) linkages, the presence of this hexaose can be regarded as one of the dominant characteristics of the serotype-A specificity of C. albicans spp.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1989

[MR imaging of large heterotopic gray matter].

One and a half year-old boy was admitted to our hospital with a history of intractable myoclonic epilepsy. Seizures were fairly controlled on carbamazepine, phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin and clonazepam, but still occurred several times per month. Neurological examination showed mild psychomotor retardation. The CT and MR imaging studies showed both large heterotopic gray matter and supracerebellar arachnoid cyst. No enhancement was noted after the administration of contrast medium. No calcification was present. In the MR image, a large nodule in the right hemisphere showed almost the same signal intensity as the cortical gray matter. The right lateral ventricle was absent for a portion of the anterior horn. The sulci on the right parietal lobe were almost absent, suggesting the region of agyria.

Brain↗
PubMed1989

[Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies on cefsulodin in neonates].

Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies on cefsulodin (CFS) were conducted in neonates. 1. MIC's of CFS, sulbenicillin and gentamicin (GM) were determined using 7 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinically isolated from neonates and maintained as stock cultures. CFS was found to be nearly as active as GM. 2. When CFS 20 mg/kg was administered to a 12-day-old neonate by intravenous bolus injection, serum concentrations were 8.7 micrograms/ml before administration and 51.7 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 44.4 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 38.6 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 11.1 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after administration. The half-life was 2.5 hours. 3. CFS was administered alone or combination with other drugs to 3 neonates. The drug was clinically effective in 2 cases and slightly effective in another. Bacteriologically, one case was rated as decreased, another as replaced, and the remaining one as unchanged. 4. Neither side effects nor abnormal laboratory values attributable to CFS were found.

Cefsulodin↗
PubMed1988

Muscle pathology in cytochrome c oxidase deficiency.

Muscle biopsies from 16 patients with cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) deficiency were examined morphologically. Two siblings had the fatal infantile form. The muscle of the older sister at the age of 5 months had numerous ragged-red fibers (RRF) and increased numbers of lipid droplets; at 28 days the brother had no RRF suggesting that the RRF formed later than 28 days. The muscle pathology in two patients with the benign infantile form improved as they grew older; numbers of RRF, lipid droplets and glycogen particles decreased and CCO activity increased in the second biopsy. In the encephalomyopathic form, RRF were seen in 5 of 12 muscles mostly in patients more than 6 years of age. Muscle spindles and blood vessel walls in the biopsies from three patients with rapid clinical aggravation had no CCO activity, suggesting that enzyme activity differed from tissue to tissue (tissue specificity).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Isolation and characterization of a capsular polysaccharide adhesin from Staphylococcus epidermidis.

We isolated a polysaccharide adhesin from Staphylococcus epidermidis strain RP-62A. The adhesin was composed of a complex mix of monosaccharides (with galactose and glucosamine predominating), bound well to silastic catheter tubing, inhibited adherence of strain RP-62A to catheters, and elicited antibodies that both blocked adherence and stabilized an extracellular structure (visualized by transmission electron microscopy) that appeared to be a capsule. Two of three heterologous, highly adherent strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci also produced this adhesin, and their adherence to catheters was inhibited by both purified adhesin and antibody to adhesin. In contrast, the adherence of one highly adherent and two poorly adherent heterologous strains was unaffected by the RP-62A purified adhesin or antibody, a result suggesting the expression of alternate adhesins by these strains. We conclude that the capsular polysaccharide of some strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci is an important factor in adherence to catheter tubing.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed1988

Quantitative precipitin reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of mannans of Candida albicans NIH A-207 and NIH B-792 strains compared.

We assessed the difference between results by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) in plastic support wells and the quantitative precipitin reaction (QPR) in glass test tubes for antigenic mannans and antibodies of two representative Candida albicans strains, NIH A-207 and NIH B-792. We investigated each of four mannan subfractions, with different phosphate contents, for their reactivities to the homologous polyclonal rabbit antiserum. Each series of mannan subfractions showed a reactivity proportional to their phosphate content in EIA, in a similar manner as observed in QPR. Moreover, in EIA, the cross-reactivities between the bulk mannans of the two C. albicans strains and the polyclonal antiserum of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild-type strain containing specific antibodies to the non-reducing terminal alpha-1,3-linked D-mannopyranose unit resembled those of the same antigen-antibody reactions in QPR. However, the mannan of C. albicans NIH A-207 strains, a weak antigen in the cross-QPR system, reacted fairly strongly in EIA in its high concentration range, indicating that EIA can be used to detect such an epitope in these mannans in concentrations undetectable by QPR. We conclude that EIA is a useful technique for immunochemical assay of yeast mannans and their antibodies on a smaller scale than with QPR.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1988

Preparation of monoclonal antibodies reactive with beta-1,2-linked oligomannosyl residues in the phosphomannan-protein complex of Candida albicans NIH B-792 strain.

Hybridomas obtained by fusing the spleen cells of BALB/c female mice hyperimmunized with heat-killed yeast-form cells of Candida albicans NIH B-792 strain and a mouse myeloma cell line, P3X63Ag8.653, produced antibodies to beta-1,2-linked oligomannosyl residues in the phosphomannan-protein complex of the parent cells. Most of these monoclonal antibodies were IgM, but about 10% of the hybridomas produced IgG1 immunoglobulins. Ascites fluid from BALB/c mice inoculated with an IgG1-producing hybridoma showed different precipitability with the phosphomannan-protein complexes of three representative C. albicans strains, with NIH B-792 (serotype B) greater than NIH A-207 (serotype A) greater than J-1012 (serotype A, formerly serotype C). In contrast, a rabbit polyclonal antiserum to C. albicans NIH B-792 cells was unable to distinguish these same complexes. This ascites fluid agglutinated the heat-killed cells of three Candida strains, but not those of three others or of Torulopsis glabrata IFO 0622. The other ascites fluids, containing antibodies of the IgM class, agglutinated cells from three C. albicans strains and also C. tropicalis IFO 0587 cells.

Agglutination Tests↗