Antipsychotics and breast-feeding: a review of the literature.
Many women with mental illnesses would like to breast feed their infants. In light of the limited but rapidly growing data, it seems that in some cases the possible physiological and psychological benefits may outweigh putative risks. All antipsychotics are secreted into breast milk but the concentrations and effects vary. There is a subgroup of mothers with mental illnesses who want to breast feed their infants and who are receiving a single established antipsychotic drug (principally, haloperidol or chlorpromazine) at the lowest possible clinically effective dose. As a tentative conclusion, this group could experience benefits from being able to nurse which would outweigh the risk of exposing their babies to very small amounts of antipsychotic drugs. However, larger study groups with longer follow-up periods would be required to confirm this tentative conclusion. Those mothers who require 2 or more antipsychotic drugs simultaneously and those taking one drug, but at the upper end of the recommended dose range, should not be advised to breast feed. Safety considerations suggest that women taking atypical antipsychotics would be advised not to breast feed because of the limited experience with these agents. When mothers taking antipsychotic drugs do nurse, it is desirable to monitor drug concentrations in breast milk and in the infants themselves. Close monitoring of the infant is essential.